Mstislav Rostropovich - Soviet muimbi, munyori, kondakita, paruzhinji chimiro. Akapiwa mibayiro yakakurumbira yenyika uye mibayiro, asi, pasinei nepamusoro pebasa remunyori, zviremera zveSoviet zvaisanganisira Mstislav mu "black list". Kutsamwa kwezviremera kwakakonzerwa nekuti Rostropovich, pamwe chete nemhuri yake, vakatamira kuAmerica pakati pe70s.
Hudiki nehudiki
Muimbi anobva kune zuva reBaku. Akaberekwa musi waMarch 27, 1927. Vabereki vaMstislav vainyatsobatana nemimhanzi, saka vakaedza kukudziridza unyanzvi mumwanakomana wavo. Mukuru wemhuri airidza sero, uye amai vake vairidza piyano. Vaiva vaimbi vane hunyanzvi. Pazera remakore mana, Rostropovich Jr. aiva muridzi wepiyano uye aigona kudhinda nguva ichangopfuura yakanzwika nziyo dzemimhanzi nenzeve. Pa8, baba vake vakadzidzisa mwanakomana wavo kuridza cello.
Nechekare mukutanga 30s mhuri yakatamira kuguta guru Russia. Muguta guru, akazopinda muchikoro chemimhanzi. Baba vechidiki tarenda vakadzidzisa pachikoro chedzidzo. Pakupera kwema30, konzati yekutanga yeRostropovich yakaitika.
Pashure pokunge awana dzidzo yesekondari, Mstislav akawedzera kuda kukura munzira yakasarudzwa. Jaya rakapinda muimba inochengeterwa mhuka. Airota zvekuvandudza uye aida kunyora nziyo. Mstislav aisagona kuziva zvirongwa zvake, sezvo Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga muUSSR. Mhuri yakaendeswa kuOrenburg. Pazera remakore 14, akapinda muchikoro chemimhanzi, uko baba vake vakadzidzisa. MuOrenburg, Rostropovich akatanga kuronga makonzati ekutanga.
Kutanga kwekugadzira kwakatanga mushure mekunge Rostropovich awana basa paimba yeopera. Pano anonyora mabasa epiyano uye cello. Mukutanga kwema40, Mstislav akanga achitevera nzira yemuimbi anovimbisa uye munyori.
Mugore rechi43 rezana remakore rapfuura, mhuri yeRostropovich yakadzokera kuguta guru reRussia. Mukomana uyu akatangazve zvidzidzo zvake pachikoro. Vadzidzisi vakaonga zvikuru mano omudzidzi.
Pakati pe-40s yezana remakore rapfuura, akagamuchira diploma mumativi maviri panguva imwe chete: munyori uye cellist. Pashure paizvozvo, Mstislav akapinda chikoro. Rostropovich akatanga kudzidzisa pazvikoro zvemimhanzi muSt. Petersburg neMoscow.
Mstislav Rostropovich: Creative nzira
Pakupera kwema40, Mstislav haana kufadza kwete chete mafeni echiRussia emimhanzi yechinyakare nekuita - akashanyira Kyiv kekutanga. Akasimbisa chiremera chake nokukunda mumakwikwi emimhanzi. Panguva imwe chete, Rostropovich akashanyira dzinoverengeka dzeEurope. Kubudirira kwenyika dzakawanda kunosimbisa simba rake. Aigara achivandudza ruzivo rwake. Aida kuva akanakisisa. Akakudza unyanzvi hwake uye akashanda nesimba.
Pakati pemakore ekuma50, pamutambo wePrague Spring, akasangana nemuimbi weOpera anoyevedza Galina Vishnevskaya. Kubva ipapo, vave vachionekwa pamwe chete. Galina akaita achiperekedzwa Mstislav.
Pane imwe nguva gare gare, Rostropovich akaita debut yake somuperekedzi. Akamira panzvimbo yemutungamiri panguva yekugadzirwa kwe "Eugene Onegin" paBolshoi Theater. Ainzwa kuti akanga ari panzvimbo chaipo. Tarenda yake semuitisi yakafarirwa zvikuru kwete chete nevateereri, asiwo nevamwe vake.
Pakupera kwema50s, muimbi aidiwa zvikuru. Pamusoro pemukurumbira, anodzidzisa pachikoro chedzidzo, anoitisa paBolshoi Theatre, anoshanya uye anonyora mabasa emimhanzi.
Aive nemaonero ake pane zvese. Mstislav aigona kutaura pachena nezvemimhanzi yemazuva ano uye mamiriro ezvinhu aripo muUSSR. Mibvunzo yainetsa maestro haina kupera kuoneka.
Chiitiko chikuru munyika yetsika kwaive kuita kwemuimbi ane Bach suite. Akaita basa pachiridzwa chake chemimhanzi pedyo neBerlin Wall. Akarwisana nekutambudzwa kwevanyori nevanyori veRussia. Akatopa Solzhenitsyn pokugara mune yake dacha. Uye kana kare zviremera zvakayemura mabasa etsika dzeMstislav, zvino mushure mekuita kwe maestro, akanga ari pa "black list". Ainyatsotariswa negurukota rezvetsika nemagariro.
Chiitiko chinodhura maestro. Akadzingwa kubva kuBolshoi Theatre. Mstislav akasarudza pakupedzisira kuvhara okisijeni. Zvino akanga asisakwanisi kushanya munyika dzokuEurope. Akanga asingabvumirwi kuridza muchikwata chevaimbi cheguta guru.
Kutama kwemhuri yeRostropovich kuenda kuUSA
Munyori akanzwisisa nzvimbo yake, saka chinhu chimwe chete chaaida kwaiva kuwana vhiza, kutora mhuri yake uye kusiya Soviet Union. Akakwanisa kuita zvaakanga achida kuita. Akatamira kuAmerica nemhuri yake. Pashure pemakore mana, mhuri yeRostropovich ichatorerwa ugari, uye ichipomerwa kutengesa Motherland.
Kufamba uye kuchinjira kuUnited States kunodhura Mstislav zvakanyanya. Kwenguva refu haana kuita, asi panguva iyi, murume wacho akamanikidzwa kuriritira mhuri yake. Nekufamba kwenguva, achatanga kubata makonti ekutanga evadi vemimhanzi yeAmerica. Mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvakanyanya mushure mekunge atora chinzvimbo chemutungamiriri wezvenyanzvi weWashington Symphony Orchestra.
Pashure pemakore 16 ekugara kune imwe nyika, kuzivikanwa kwakasvika kumukurumbira. Aitorwa seshasha chaiyo. Hurumende yeUSSR yakatopa munyori nemudzimai wake kuti vadzokere kunyika yavo nekudzoka kwehugari, asi Rostropovich haana kufunga nezvesarudzo yekudzokera kuSoviet Union. Panguva iyoyo, akanga ajairana neAmerica zvizere.
Masuo kunenge chero nyika akazarurirwa mhuri yeRostropovich. Mstislav akatoshanyira Moscow. Paakadzokera kuRussia, akanga akapfava zvikuru. Muna 1993, akasarudza kutamira kuSt.
Mstislav Rostropovich: Details upenyu hwake pachake
Opera muimbi Galina Vishnevskaya aifarira muimbi pakutanga kuona. Mune imwe yebvunzurudzo, akataura kuti akaedza sei kutarisira runako: akamuteerera, akazadzwa nemazana ekurumbidza uye akachinja zvipfeko kakawanda pazuva. Mstislav haana kumbosiyaniswa nekunaka. Akafara kuona Galina.
Panguva yekusangana Galina akanga ari pamusoro pekuzivikanwa. Zviuru zvevarume pasi rose zvakarota nezvake. Mstislav akakunda mwoyo wemukadzi asina simba ane tsika dzepamusoro uye njere. Pazuva rechina rekuzivana kwavo, muimbi akaita chikumbiro chewanano kumukadzi. Galina, uyo ainyara zvishoma nekumhanya kwezviitiko, akadzorera.
Kwenguva yakati vaviri vacho vaigara mumba mevabereki vaMstislav. Akatengera mhuri yake imba kwapera gore. Pakati pema50, Galina akabereka mwanasikana wemurume wake, ainzi Olga. Muimbi aipenga mukadzi wake. Akamuzadza nezvipo zvinodhura uye akaedza kusamuramba chinhu.
Pakupera kwema50s, mwanasikana wechipiri akaberekwa, uyo vabereki vane rudo vanonzi Elena. Pasinei nokuti vakanga vakabatikana zvikuru, baba vacho vakadzidza mimhanzi nevanasikana vavo uye vakapedza nguva yakawanda navo.
Kufa kwemunyori
Muna 2007, muimbi akanzwa zvakaipa. Mugore akaiswa muchipatara kakawanda. Vanachiremba vakawana bundu muchiropa chemaestro. Mushure mekuongororwa kwakaitwa, vanachiremba vakavhiya, asi muviri waRostropovich wakaita zvakashata zvakanyanya pakupindira. Mumazuva ekupedzisira aApril 2007, akafa. Kenza uye mhedzisiro yekudzoreredza yakadhura munyori hupenyu hwake.
