Leonard Cohen ndomumwe weanonyanya kunakidza uye anonetsa (kana asiri iye akabudirira zvakanyanya) muimbi-vanyori venziyo mukupera kwema1960, uye akakwanisa kuchengetedza vateereri kwemakumi matanhatu emakore ekugadzira mimhanzi.
Muimbi akakwezva kutariswa kwevatsoropodzi nevaimbi vechidiki zvakabudirira kupfuura chero mumwe mumhanzi wema1960 akaramba achishanda muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Munyori ane tarenda uye muimbi Leonard Cohen
Cohen akaberekwa munaGunyana 21, 1934 kumhuri yepakati yechiJudha muWestmount, sabhubhu yeMontreal, Quebec, Canada. Baba vake vaive mutengesi wembatya (uyo aivewo nedhigirii muinjiniya yemagetsi), akafa muna 1943 apo Cohen aive nemakore mapfumbamwe.
Yaiva amai vake vakakurudzira Cohen semunyori. Maonero ake kumimhanzi akanga akakomba zvikuru.
Akatanga kufarira gitare pazera remakore 13 kuti afadze mumwe musikana. Nekudaro, Leonard aive akanaka zvekuridza nziyo dzenyika nedzekumadokero mumakofi emuno, uye akaenderera mberi nekugadzira iyo Buckskin Boys.
Pa17, akapinda McGill University. Panguva ino akanga achinyora nhetembo nemwoyo wose uye akanga ava mumwe wenharaunda duku yepasi pevhu neyebohemian yeyunivhesiti.
Cohen akadzidza zvakanyanya, asi akanyora zvakanakisa, izvo zvaakagamuchira Mubairo weMcNorton.
Gore apedza chikoro, Leonard akaburitsa bhuku rake rekutanga renhetembo. Yakagamuchira wongororo yakanaka asi yakatengeswa zvisina kunaka. Muna 1961, Cohen akaburitsa bhuku rake rechipiri renhetembo, rakazova budiriro yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese.
Akaramba achitsikisa basa rake, kusanganisira akati wandei, The Favorite Game (1963) uye The Beautiful Losers (1966), uye muunganidzwa wenhetembo Maruva aHitler (1964) uye Parasites of Denga (1966).
Dzokera kumumhanzi waLeonard Cohen
Pakanga pari panguva ino apo Leonard akatanga kunyora mimhanzi zvakare. Judy Collins akawedzera rwiyo Suzanne nemazwi aCohen kune repertoire yake uye akaisanganisira pane rake albhamu Muhupenyu Hwangu.
Rekodhi yaSuzanne yaigara ichitepfenyurwa paredhiyo. Cohen akazoratidzawo semunyori wenziyo pane iyo albhamu Dhiraivha Rehearsal Rag.
Yaiva Collins uyo akakurudzira Cohen kuti adzokere kuzoita, iyo yaakanga asiya panguva yechikoro chake. Akaita debut yake muzhizha ra1967 kuNewport Folk Festival, achiteverwa nemakonzati akabudirira muNew York.
Mumwe weavo vakaona Cohen achiita muNewport aive John Hammond Sr., mugadziri ane mukurumbira basa rake rakatanga muma1930s. Akashanda naBillie Holiday, Benny Goodman naBob Dylan.
Hammond akasaina Cohen kuColumbia Records uye akamubatsira kurekodha Nziyo dzaLeonard Cohen, dzakaburitswa Kisimusi 1967 isati yasvika.
Zvisinei nekuti iyo albhamu yanga isina kunyatso fungwa mumhanzi uye kunyangadza, basa rakava danho rekukurumidza mumadenderedzwa evanoshuvira vaimbi nevanyori venziyo.
Munguva iyo mamirioni evadi vemimhanzi vakateerera maburi mumaarubhamu aBob Dylan naSimon & Garfunkel, Cohen akakurumidza kuwana denderedzwa diki asi rakazvipira revateveri. Vadzidzi vekukoreji vakatenga zvinyorwa zvake nezviuru; makore maviri mushure mekusunungurwa, rekodhi yakatengeswa nekutenderera kwemakopi anopfuura zviuru zana.
Nziyo dzaLeonard Cohen dzakanga dziri pedyo nevateereri zvokuti Cohen akazozivikanwa zvikuru pakarepo.
Kutarisana nemamiriro emimhanzi yake, akapotsa aregeredza rimwe basa rake - muna 1968 akabudisa bhuku idzva, Nhetembo Dzakasarudzwa: 1956-1968, iyo yaisanganisira mabhuku ekare uye achangobva kubudiswa. Pamuunganidzwa uyu, akagamuchira mubairo kubva kuna Gavhuna Mukuru weCanada.
Panguva iyoyo, akanga ava chaizvoizvo chikamu chinokosha chechiitiko chedombo. Kwenguva yakati, Cohen aigara muNew York Chelsea Hotel, uko vavakidzani vake vaiva Janis Joplin uye mamwe mavhenekeri, vamwe vavo vane simba rakananga panziyo dzake.
Melancholy sechinhu chikuru chekugadzira
Rwiyo rwake rwekutevera Nziyo dzeMumba (1969) rairatidzwa nemweya wakatonyanya kushushikana - kunyangwe iyo ine simba imwechete A Bunch of Lonesome Heroes yaive yakanyura mukuora mwoyo kwakadzama, uye rwiyo rumwe haruna kunyorwa naCohen zvachose.
The Partisan single yaive nyaya yakasviba yezvikonzero nemhedzisiro yekuramba hudzvinyiriri, iine mitsetse yakaita sekuti Akafa asina kuzevezera ("Akafa chinyararire"), zvakare iine mifananidzo yemhepo ichivhuvhuta makuva apfuura.
Joan Baez akazorekodhazve rwiyo urwu, uye mukuita kwake rwainyanya kukwirisa uye rwuchikurudzira kumuteereri.
Kazhinji, iyo albhamu haina kubudirira mune zvekutengesa uye nekutsoropodza kupfuura basa rekare. Bob Johnston's understated (inenge minimalist) basa rakaita kuti album yacho isanyanya kufadza. Kunyangwe iyo albhamu yaive nemateki akati wandei Birdon the Wire uye Iyo Nyaya yaIsaac, iyo yakave makwikwi ebhuku rekutanga raSuzanne.
Nyaya yaIsaka, mufananidzo wemumhanzi unotenderedza mufananidzo webhaibheri pamusoro peVietnam, yaive imwe yenziyo dzakapenya uye dzinobaya mwoyo dzebato rinorwisa hondo. Mune basa iri, Cohen akaratidza nhanho yetarenda yake yemimhanzi nekunyora, sezvazvaigona.
Kubudirira Phenomenon
Cohen angave asina kunge ari mutambi anozivikanwa, asi inzwi rake rakasiyana, pamwe chete nesimba retarenda rake rekunyora, rakamubatsira kuti asvike niche yevakanakisisa rock artists.
Akazviratidza ku1970 Isle of Wight Festival muEngland, uko kwakaungana nyeredzi dzedombo dzinosanganisira ngano dzakaita saJimi Hendrix. Achitarisa zvakapusa pamberi pemashura akadaro, Cohen airidza gitare reacoustic pamberi pevateereri ve600 vanhu.
Neimwe nzira, Cohen akadzokorora chiitiko chakafanana neicho chainakidzwa naBob Dylan asati ashanya mukutanga kwema1970. Ipapo vanhu vakatenga maarubhamu ake nemakumi, uye dzimwe nguva mazana ezviuru.
Mafani aiita seaimuona semutambi mutsva uye akasarudzika. Pamusoro peaya maartist maviri akadzidza nemuromo kupfuura paredhiyo kana terevhizheni.
Kubatana ne cinema
Rwiyo rwechitatu rwaCohen Nziyo dzeRudo uye Ruvengo (1971) raive rimwe remabasa ake akasimba, akazadzwa nemanzwi anobaya moyo uye mimhanzi yaive yakaenzana uye ine minimalist.
Chiyero chakawanikwa nekuda kwezwi raCohen. Kusvika iye zvino, nziyo dzine mukurumbira ndeidzi: Joan weArc, Dress Rehearsal Rag (yakanyorwa naJudy Collins) uye Famous Blue Raincoat.
Iyo albhamu Nziyo dzeRuvengo neRuvengo, dzakasanganiswa neyekutanga hit Suzanne, yakaunza Cohen hombe yevateveri pasirese.
Cohen akazviwana ari kudiwa munyika yekutengeserana kwemafirimu, semutungamiri Robert Altman akashandisa mimhanzi yake mufirimu yake McCabe naMai Miller (1971), iyo yakaratidza Warren Beatty naJulie Christie.
Gore rakatevera, Leonard Cohen akaburitsawo muunganidzwa mutsva wenhetembo, Slave Energy. Muna 1973 akaburitsa dambarefu Leonard Cohen: Live Songs.
Muna 1973, mimhanzi yake yakava hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemitambo Sisters of Mercy, yakaumbwa naGene Lesser uye yakavakirwa zvakanyanya pahupenyu hwaCohen kana fungidziro yehupenyu hwake.
Kuputsa uye mabasa matsva
Anenge makore matatu apfuura pakati pekuburitswa kweNziyo dzeRudo uye Ruvengo uye Cohen's inotevera albhamu. Vazhinji vateveri nevatsoropodzi vaifungidzira kuti Live-album ndiyo yaive poindi yebasa remuimbi.
Zvakadaro, aive mushishi kuita zvemitambo muUnited States neEurope muna 1971 na1972, uye panguva yehondo yeYom Kippur muna 1973 akazviratidza kuIsrael. Pakanga pari panguva iyi paakatangawo kushanda nemupiyano uye murongi John Lissauer, waakahaya kuti abudise dambarefu rake rinotevera, New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974).
Iyi album yakaita seinorarama maererano netarisiro uye kutenda kwevateveri vake, kuunza Cohen kune imwe nzvimbo yakawanda yemimhanzi.
Gore rakatevera, Columbia Records yakaburitsa The Best of Leonard Cohen, iyo yaisanganisira gumi nemaviri enziyo dzake dzakakurumbira (hits) dzakaitwa nevamwe vaimbi.
"Yakundikana" album
Muna 1977, Cohen akapinda zvakare mumusika wemimhanzi neRufu rweLadies Man, iro rakanyanya kupokana dambarefu rebasa rake, rakaburitswa naPhil Spector.
Chigumisiro chakaguma chakanyatsonyudza muteereri muhutano hwaCohen hwekuora mwoyo, achiratidza mano ake mashoma ezwi. Kekutanga mubasa raCohen, nziyo dzake dzinenge dzakashata panguva ino dzaive kure nechiratidzo chakanaka.
Kusagutsikana kwaCohen neAlbum kwaizivikanwa zvakanyanya pakati pevateveri, avo vainyanya kuitenga neiyo caveat mupfungwa, saka hazvina kukuvadza mukurumbira wemuimbi.
Cohen's rinotevera dambarefu Recent Songs (1979) rakati kubudirira uye rakaratidza kuimba kwaLeonard kubva kudivi repamusoro. Kushanda nemugadziri Henry Levy, iyo album yakaratidza mazwi aCohen seanobata uye anoratidza nenzira yake yakanyarara.
Sabbatical uye Buddhism
Mushure mekuburitswa kwemaarubhamu maviri, imwe sabbatical yakatevera. Nekudaro, 1991 yakaona kuburitswa kweI'm Your Fan: The Songs featuring REM, the Pixies, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds naJohn Cale, uyo akatenda Cohen semunyori wenziyo.
Muimbi uyu akatora mukana uyu nekuburitsa dambarefu Ramangwana, iro raitaura nezvekutyisidzirwa kwakawanda kuchasangana nevanhu mumakore nemakumi emakore anotevera.
Pakati pebasa iri, Cohen akapinda muchikamu chitsva muhupenyu hwake. Nhau dzorudzidziso dzakanga dzisina kumbonyanyova kure nokufunga kwake nebasa.
Akapedza nguva ari mumakomo paBaldy Zen Center (nzvimbo yeBuddhist yekuCalifornia), uye akazova mugari wechigarire uye Buddhist monk mukupera kwema1990.
Impact patsika
Makumi mashanu emakore mushure mekunge ave munyori wezveruzhinji uyezve mutambi, Cohen akaramba ari mumwe weakanyanya kuoma mumhanzi.
Muna 2010, yakasanganiswa vhidhiyo uye odhiyo package "Songs from the Road" yakaburitswa, iyo yakarekodha rwendo rwake rwepasirese rwe2008 (urwo rwakamhanya kusvika pakupera kwa2010). Rwendo urwu rwakafukidza makonzati makumi masere nemana uye vakatengesa matikiti anopfuura 84 pasi rose.
Mushure merumwe rwendo rwepasirese rwakamuita kuti azivikanwe pasi rose, Cohen, asina hunhu, akakurumidza kudzokera ku studio nemugadziri (uye munyori pamwe naye) Patrick Leonard, achiburitsa nziyo pfumbamwe itsva, imwe yadzo yakazvarwa mumaketani.
Yakanyorwa makore makumi mana apfuura. Cohen akaramba achitenderera pasirese nesimba rinokatyamadza uye muna Zvita 40 akaburitsa dambarefu rake rechitatu, Rarama muDublin.
Muimbi wacho akadzoka kuzoshanda pazvinyorwa zvitsva, kunyange zvazvo utano hwake hwakanga huchiipa. Musi waGunyana 21, 2016, iyo track Unoda Iri Rima yakaonekwa paInternet. Iri basa raive rwiyo rwekupedzisira rwaLeonard Cohen. Akashaya pasi pemavhiki matatu gare gare musi waNovember 7, 2016.
