Alexander Dargomyzhsky - muimbi, munyori, kondakita. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, mazhinji emabasa emimhanzi e maestro akaramba asingazivikanwi. Dargomyzhsky aiva nhengo yesangano rekugadzira "Mighty Handful". Akasiya piyano yakanaka, orchestral uye nziyo dzemanzwi.
The Mighty Handful isangano rekugadzira, raisanganisira vanyori vekuRussia chete. Commonwealth yakaumbwa muSt. Petersburg mukupera kwema1850.
Hudiki nehudiki
Iyo maestro inobva kunharaunda yeTula. Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaDargomyzhsky ndiFebruary 14, 1813. Vanyori vehupenyu vachiri kukakavara pamusoro pekuti Alexander akaberekerwa kupi. Nyanzvi dzinoda kutenda kuti anobva mumusha muduku weVoskresenskoye.
Vabereki vake vakanga vasina hukama nekusika. Apo Alexander akatanga kufarira mimhanzi, vakashamiswa zvikuru. Mukuru wemhuri aishanda mubhanga riri pasi peMinistry of Finance. Amai vakabva kumhuri yakapfuma yemuchinda. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vabereki vomukadzi havana kuda kupa mwanasikana Sergei Nikolaevich (baba Alexander). Asi, rudo rwakazove rwakasimba kudarika mamiriro emari. Mhuri iyi yaive nevana vatanhatu.
Apo baba vangu vakawana nzvimbo muhofisi, mhuri yakatamira kuSt. Muguta guru retsika reRussia, Alexander anotora zvidzidzo zvepiyano. Anobva aona kuti kuvandudzwa kuri pedyo naye. Munguva iyi yenguva, anopa yekutanga nziyo.
Louis Wolgenborn (mudzidzisi wemimhanzi) akarumbidza mudzidzi ane tarenda. Akakurudzira kuyedza kwese kwemukomana wake. Pakazosvika makore gumi, Dargomyzhsky akanga anyora piyano dzinoverengeka zvidimbu uye zvorudo.
Vabereki vakanga vasina chokwadi nezvemabasa emimhanzi emwanakomana wavo. Vaisaona tarenda rakawanda maari. Musoro wemhuri wakaomerera pakuridza nziyo uye kudzidziswa kwemazwi. Dargomyzhsky akashanda pamwe nevadzidzisi. Izvi zvakaita kuti muimbi wacho aratidzike pamakonzati erudo. Nenguva isipi akapinda muhofisi yedare. Ipapo Alexander akatora matanho ekutanga kune hupenyu hwakazvimirira. Dargomyzhsky haana kusiya mimhanzi uye akaramba achizadza repertoire nemabasa matsva.
Nzira yekusika yemunyori Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Nekubatsirwa kweruoko rwechiedza rwaMikhail Glinka, nzira yekusika yaAlexander Dargomyzhsky yakatanga. Glinka akatora kudzidziswa kwemunyori wekutanga. Akabatsira kunzwisisa kuomesesa kwekugadzira chinyorwa uchishandisa basa revamwe vaunoshanda navo semuenzaniso.
Akafuridzirwa nezivo itsva, Dargomyzhsky anogara achishanyira opera dzimba. Panguva iyoyo, mabasa evanyori veItaly akanzwika mavari. Pakupera kwema30, maestro akasarudza kunyora opera yake. Akafemerwa kunyora basa naVictor Hugo's nhoroondo dhirama Lucrezia Borgia. Nenguva isipi aifanira kusiya pfungwa iyi, sezvo akaona kuti bhuku racho rakanga rakaoma zvikuru kunzwisisa.
Akatendeukira kubasa "Notre Dame Cathedral". Kubva pane inoveli, maestro akatanga nezvekunyora opera. Mukutanga 40s, munyori akapa basa rakapedzwa kuvatungamiri veImperial Theater.
Kwemakore akati wandei, opera Esmeralda yakanga ichiunganidza guruva. Haana kurangarirwa kwenguva refu. Muna 1847, Esmeralda akaiswa pachikuva cheMoscow Theatre. Alexander aitarisira kuti basa rake rokutanga richaunza kubudirira kwake, asi chishamiso hachina kuitika. Opera yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka nevatsoropodzi uye neruzhinji. More "Esmeralda" haina kurongwa.
Dargomyzhsky akawira mukuora mwoyo. Kunyanya mamiriro ake akanyanya kuipa mushure mekukwirira kwekuzivikanwa kwemuperekedzi wake Mikhail Glinka. Kwenguva yakati, akasarudza kurega kunyora. Alexander akatanga kudzidzisa mimhanzi uye mazwi evasikana vanokudzwa. Nenguva isipi anotanga kunyora zverudo. Maestro enziyo dzenziyo budiriro yakakwana nevaakararama navo.
Kufamba munyika dzeEurope
Ipapo Alexander akasarudza kuenda rwendo rwake rwekutanga kunze kwenyika. Akave nemukana wekutaurirana nevamiriri vakakurumbira vekunze kwemimhanzi yekirasi. Zvadaro, muupenyu hwake hwose, akaramba ane ushamwari naCharles Berio, Henri Vietan naGaetano Donizetti.
Muna 1848 akadzokera kunharaunda yeRussia. Alexander, afadzwa nerwendo, akasarudza kutangazve basa pamabasa makuru. Akatanga kunyora opera "Mermaid". Basa racho rakabva pane rimwe basa raPushkin. Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, akafadza vateveri nekuratidzwa kwerudo Melnik, Crazy, No Joy uye Darling Girl. Mabasa acho akagamuchirwa noushamwari kwete chete nevateveri, asiwo nevatsoropodzi vemimhanzi.
Muna 1855 akapedza basa paThe Mermaid. Pashure penguva yakati, Alexander akapa basa racho kuruzhinji rwaida. Opera yakafarirwa zvikuru nevairarama panguva yemunyori wacho. Kwemwaka inoverengeka, "Mermaid" yakaitwa pachikuva chemuzinda wemitambo.
Pamafungu ekukurumbira, anonyora zvinoyevedza symphonic overtures. Tiri kutaura nezvemabasa "Ukrainian Cossack", "Baba Yaga" uye "Chukhonskaya Fantasy". Mune nziyo dzakaunzwa, munhu anogona kunzwa pesvedzero yevamiriri veMighty Handful.
Vazivikanwi vatsva vakamupa mukana wekuongorora maitiro emitambo mitsva yemimhanzi. Nenguva isipi akaedza ruoko rwake pamhando yerudo rwemazuva ese. Kuti unzwe zvinyorwa zvemazuva ese erudo kubva kuDargomyzhsky, unogona kuteerera nziyo "Dramatic Song", "Old Corporal" uye "Titular Counselor".
Panguva imwecheteyo yenguva, anoenda zvakare kunze kwenyika. Vanyori veEurope vakazadzwa nemabasa eRussia maestro. Vakaita yakanyanya "juicy" nziyo dzeDargomyzhsky pane imwe yemanheru ekugadzira.
Kufamba-famba muEurope kwakafuridzira munyori. Alexander aida kutanga kuumba imwe opera, asi aifanira kumbomira pfungwa yacho kwechinguva. Utano hwaDargomyzhsky hwakakundikana, uye chinhu chimwe chete chaaigona kufadza ruzhinji chaiva kuunganidzwa kweMazepa, pamwe chete nenhamba dzakawanda dzekwaya.
Alexander Dargomyzhsky: Upenyu hwomunhu
Imwe nguva gare gare, akadzokera kune pfungwa yekugadzira opera. Zvadaro aifarira basa Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Dombo Guest". Paakangotanga kunyora opera, akatarisana neinoti dambudziko rekugadzira. Ichokwadi ndechokuti opera yake "Mermaid" yakanga isingabatanidzwi kubva pamitambo yemitambo.
Haana kukwanisa kupora kwenguva yakareba, asi nekuda kwerutsigiro rwevanyori vane simba uye mafeni, Dargomyzhsky akadzika bhizinesi. Akatanga kunyora The Stone Guest. Akakwanisa kunyora zvakawanda zvemimhanzi. Maiwe, nekuda kwerufu rwemaestro, vanyori vepedyo vakapedza opera.
Muhupenyu hwake hwose hurefu hwekusika, maestro aigara achiteverwa nekukundikana. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaonekwa muhupenyu hwemunyori. Maiwe, haana kumbokwanisa kunakidzwa nemufaro wemhuri. Akanga asina mukadzi uye asina mwana.
Haana kubudirira nekunaka pabonde. Zvisinei, akanga ane zvinyorwa zvipfupi, izvo pakupedzisira hazvina kutungamirira kune chero chinhu chakakomba.
Zvaiva nerunyerekupe kuti aive nehukama hwerudo naLyubov Miller. Akadzidzisa musikana mazwi. Ipapo akabatanidzwa neushamwari hwenguva refu naLyubov Belenitsyna. Akapa mukadzi uyu rudo rwakati wandei.
Mushure mekufa kwaamai Dargomyzhsky vakaita chic chipo kune varimi. Akavasunungura kubva pamutoro weserfdom. Mukuwedzera, Alexander akavapa nyika yavo, iyo yavakashanda uye vanogona kuwana hupenyu hwemazuva ose. Kwaive hunhu hunoshamisa kumurume wenguva iyoyo. Vepanguva iyoyo vakadana Alexander kuti ndiye muridzi wevhu ane hunhu.
Akasangana nekuchembera kwake nababa vechikuru. Mushure mekufa kwemukuru wemhuri, Dargomyzhsky akazoora mwoyo muupenyu. Kugara kushushikana mupfungwa kwakakanganisa kugara kwemunyori. Zvakaramba zvichimuomera kuti ateerere kunyora opera The Stone Guest.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro maestro Alexander Dargomyzhsky
- Alexander akanga ari murume akadzvinyirirwa. Muimbi aifarira kupedza nguva ari oga.
- Akabata kufemerwa mumadziro emba yababa vake. Apa chete aive akasununguka uye akasununguka sezvaaigona.
- Mushure mekufa kwababa vake, haana kukwanisa kugara mumba mevabereki vake. Rufu rwomudiwa rwakamurwadza. Akasvikogara mumba mehanzvadzi yake ndokuzoroja imwe imba mumba make.
- Mari yekugadzirwa kwe "The Stone Guest" yakaunganidzwa nenenge yose yeSt. Iyo maestro yakaratidza kuti mutengo webasa rake ndeye 3000 rubles. Imperial Theatre yakapa munyori zvishoma kudarika 1000 XNUMX rubles.
Kufa kwaMaestro Alexander Dargomyzhsky
Parwendo rwokuenda kuEurope, Alexander akarwara nerheumatism. Haana kukoshesa hutano uye akaenderera mberi nekushingaira mukusika. Muna 1968, mamiriro emunyori akawedzera kuipa. Akanyunyuta nekurwadziwa mumoyo make. Kutenderera kusina kunaka kwakakonzera kufa kwaDargomyzhsky.
Aiziva kuti aizofa nokukurumidza. Alexander haana kunonoka nechido. Muimbi wacho akapa Caesar Antonovich Cui naNikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov kupedzisa opera The Stone Guest.
Vanyori vakabvuma kuzadzisa hurongwa hwekupedzisira hwaAlexander, asi mumoyo yavo vaitarisira kuti aizova nani. Maiwe, chishamiso chacho hachina kuitika.
Alexander akafa musi waJanuary 5, 1969. Akafa neaneurysm. Mhemberero yerufu yakaitwa mazuva mana gare gare. Kwete chete vanhu vepedyo, asiwo vateveri vekugadzira vaizomuona achienda parwendo rwake rwekupedzisira. Mushure memariro, Tretyakov akarayira mufananidzo wemunyori kubva pamufananidzo kune muimbi Konstantin Makovsky.
