Mabhendi mashoma e<em>rock and roll akazadzwa nemakakatanwa akawanda saThe Who.
Vese nhengo ina vaive nehunhu hwakasiyana kwazvo, sekuratidzwa kwavo kwakashata kwehupenyu - Keith Moon akambowira padhiramu kit yake, uye vamwe vese vaimbi vaigara vachinetsana pachikuva.
Kunyangwe zvakatora nguva kuti bhendi riwane vateereri varo, pakazopera 1960s The Who akakwikwidza kunyange Rolling Stones mune ese ari maviri ekuita uye kutengeswa kwealbum.
Bhendi iri rakaridza rock yechinyakare neR&B nemagitare akatsamwa eTownsend, mitsetse yeBass yakaderera uye inokurumidza yeEntwistle uye ngoma dzeMwedzi dzine simba nemhirizhonga.
Kusiyana nemabhendi mazhinji edombo, The Who akadzika rhythm yavo pagitare, achibvumira Mwedzi uye Entwistle kugara vachivandudza apo Daltrey airidza nziyo.
Iye Akabudirira kuita izvi achirarama, asi imwe zano rakamuka pakurekodha: Townsend yakauya nepfungwa yekubatanidza pop art uye pfungwa zvidimbu mune repertoire yebhendi.
Aionekwa semumwe wevanyori venziyo veBritish vakanaka panguva iyoyo, senziyo dzakadai seThe Kids Are Alright uye My Generation dzakava nziyo dzevechidiki. Panguva imwecheteyo, opera yake yerock Tommy akawana ruremekedzo kubva kuvatsoropodzi vanokosha vemimhanzi.
Nekudaro, vamwe vese veThe Who, kunyanya Entwistle naDaltrey, vaisagara vaine shungu yekutevera mimhanzi yake. Vaida kuridza dombo rakaoma panzvimbo penziyo dzaTownsend.
Ivo Vakazvisimbisa semarock pakati pemakore ekuma1970, vachienderera mberi nenzira iyi mushure mekufa kweMwedzi muna 1978. Zvakadaro, pakukwirira kwavo, The Who were one of rock's most innovative and powerful bands.
Kuumbwa kweThe Who
Townsend naEntwistle vakasangana vachipinda chikoro chesekondari muLondon Shepherd's Bush. Vachiri kuyaruka, vakatamba mubhendi Dixieland. Ikoko Entwist akaridza hwamanda uye Townsend akaridza banjo.
Ruzha rwebhendi rwakakurumidza kukura pasi pesimba kwete chete maAmerican artists, asiwo vaimbi vakati wandei vekuBritain.
Izvi zvakateverwa nekuchinjwa kwezita reboka racho. Vakomana vacho vaida chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kupfuura Dixieland, saka vakagara paThe Who.
Chikwata ichi chairidza mimhanzi yaisanganisira mweya neR&B, kana sezvakanyorwa pamapepa avo: Maximum R&B.
Gitare rekutanga rakaputsika mubhendi Ze Hu
Townsend akambopwanya gitare rake rekutanga netsaona pakonzati paRailway Hotel. Akakwanisa kupedzisa chiratidziro neRickenbacker yakanga ichangotengwa 12-string.
Townsend akawana svondo raitevera kuti vanhu vaive vauya kuzomuona achipwanya gitare rake.
Pakutanga, Lambert naStamp vakashamiswa kuti Townsend zvakare yakaparadza rimwe gitare sechikamu chemushandirapamwe wekushambadzira. Zvisinei, mumazuva iwayo, aisapwanya magitare pashoo dzose.
Handikwanisi Kutsanangura
Mukupera kwa1964, Townsend yakapa bhendi rwiyo rwekutanga Ini Handikwanise Kutsanangura, iro raive nechikwereti kuThe Kinks uye yavo imwechete You Really Got Me. Mazwi eTownsend akakurudzira zvikuru vechidiki, nekuda kwemazwi ane simba aDaltrey.
Mushure mekuita kwebhendi kwakashata pachirongwa cheterevhizheni Ready, Steady, Go, umo Townsend neMwedzi zvakaparadza zviridzwa zvavo, imwe chete yaIni Handikwanise Kutsanangura yakasvika kuBritish. MuUK, aive ari mugumi repamusoro.
Mukutanga 1966, imwe chete Substitute yakava yavo yechina UK Top XNUMX hit. Iye Keith Lambert-akagadzirwa single anoratidza kupera kwechibvumirano cheDecca/Brunswick's UK.
Kutanga neChirevo, bhendi rakasaina nePolydor muEngland. Ndiri Mukomana, akaburitswa muzhizha ra1966, aive The Who's wekutanga asina kuburitswa Decca/Brunswick, uye airatidza kuti bhendi rakanga rasvika papi mumwedzi gumi nemisere.
Nhoroondo yeUnited States yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru. Iwo ma singles haana kubudirira kunyangwe zvakashambadzwa kubva kuABC terevhizheni rock uye roll nzvimbo Shindig.
Kubudirira muBritain kwakanga kuri kukuru, asi kwakanga kusina kukwana. Kupwanya chiridzwa chekurarama nekuperekedza kwaidhura zvakanyanya, saka bhendi raigara riri muchikwereti.
Chechipiri album
Townsend yakanyora rwiyo rwechinyorwa semaminetsi gumi mini-opera. Anokurumidza Paanenge Asipo ndicho chisikwa cheTownsend chinoenda kure kupfuura rock and roll.
Iyo imwe chete yaive neimwe aura ye opera nedombo, kunyangwe iro bhendi pacharo rakatambira kushoma kucherechedzwa panguva iyoyo.
Mushure mekuburitswa kwayo muna 1966, A Quick One yakava imwe kurova kweBritish uye yakapawo "kuburikidza" kweAmerica.
Vachiita mumaseti mapfupi kashanu pazuva, boka rakagadzira zvinodikanwa kune veruzhinji. Chiitiko chavo chikuru chakatevera cheUS kwaive kuita kwedambarefu reFillmore East muSan Francisco.
Nekuda kweizvi, vaimbi vaive nedambudziko. Zviitwa nealbum yapfuura zvaive zvakanyanyisa kureba, maminitsi gumi nemashanu-15 aive akakwana. Nekudaro, yavo yakajairwa maminitsi makumi mana seti yakaratidza ipfupi kuFillmore East.
Mubhuku raRichard Barnes rinonzi Maximum R&B, zvakataurwa kuti kuitira kuti seti yavo irambe iripo, vaimbi vanofanira kudzidza mini-opera yavasina kutamba.
Mushure mekonzati nyowani yealbum, muna Chikumi 1967, vakatamba mutambo wavo wakanyanya kukosha wekuAmerica, Monterey International Pop Festival, mavakatarisana naJimi Hendrix kubheja uyo aigona kupedzisa seti yavo zvine hungwaru.
Hendrix akahwina nekuita kwake kunotyisa, asi Iye Akaita zvinoyemurika nekuparadza zviridzwa zvavo nenzira inoshamisa.
Pfungwa basa Ndiani Anotengesa Kunze
Who Sell Out ibhuku repfungwa uye mutero kune nhepfenyuro dzepirate muEngland dzakavharwa nekuda kwekudzvanywa kwehurumende.
Chikwata chakaisa basa ravo rakanakisa pane iri albhamu kusimbisa chinzvimbo chavo muEngland uye pakupedzisira kutora musika weUS neI Can See for Miles.
Kuita kwaDaltrey ndiko kwaive kwakanakisa pabasa rake kusvika parizvino, achitsigirwa neTownsend's edgy gitare work, Moon's frenetic drumming uye Entwistle's hard bass.
Kuti uwane ruzha urwu rwakatora basa rakawanda mumatatu matatu akasiyana, mumakondinendi maviri nemahombekombe maviri.
Karwiyo kacho kainetsa kuita zvekuti kakabva kaita hit chete yavakaramba kuridza live. Imwe yakasvika pagumi yepamusoro muAmerica ikasvika pachinhanho chechipiri muEngland.
Confident kukunda kweAmerica
Tommy akaburitswa muna Chivabvu 1969, anopfuura gore nehafu mushure meThe Who Sell Out. Uye kekutanga, nyeredzi dzakaita mudungwe kuti dzibatane neboka. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muUnited States.
Tommy akagadzira US Top Ten sezvo bhendi rakatsigira iyo albhamu nekushanya kwakakura. The Who's Next tour yakaita kuti bhendi ive imwe yepamusoro-soro inokwezva matombo munyika yose pamwe chete neRolling Stones. Kamwe kamwe, nyaya yavo yakabata pfungwa dzemamiriyoni evateveri.
Quadrophenia kaviri album uye kuparara kwebhendi
Nekuburitswa kweQuadrophenia, bhendi rakamira kushanda naKeith Lambert, akange asisafurira bhendi. Entwistle akatanga basa rake ega neSmash Your Head Against the Wall.
Iyo kaviri album Quadrophenia yakatengeswa zvakanyanya, asi yakaratidza kuve chidimbu chinonetsa mhenyu nekuti zvaive zvakaoma kutamba live.
Chikwata chakatanga kudonha mushure mekuburitswa kweQuadrophenia. Paruzhinji, Townsend ainetseka pamusoro pebasa rake somutauriri wenziyo dzerock, uye ari oga akanyura muudhakwa.
Entwistle akatarisana nebasa rake ega, kusanganisira kurekodha nemapurojekiti ake epadivi Ox naRigor Mortis.
Panguva iyi, Daltrey akanga asvika pamusoro pezvaanogona - akava muimbi ane mukurumbira zvechokwadi uye akabudirira zvinoshamisa semutambi.
Mwedzi wakapinda mumatambudziko makuru, uchishandisa psychoactive zvinhu. Zvichakadaro, Townsend akashanda panziyo nyowani, zvichikonzera basa rake ega ra1975, The Who By Numbers.
Iyo Ndiani akaungana zvakare mukutanga 1978 kuti anyore Who Are You. Iri basa rakava budiriro huru, kusvika panhamba yechipiri mumachati eUS.
Nekudaro, pachinzvimbo chekuva kudzoka kwekukunda, iyo albhamu yakava chiratidzo chenhamo - munaGunyana 7, 1978, Mwedzi akafa nekudarika zvinodhaka.
Sezvo aive chikamu chakakosha cheThe Who's ruzha uye mufananidzo, boka racho harina kuziva zvekuita zvinotevera. Imwe nguva gare gare, bhendi rakahaya Diki Faces Drummer Kenny Jones seanotsiva ndokutanga kushanda pazvinhu zvitsva muna 1979.
Kumwe kuparara kweboka
Mushure mekonzati muCincinnati, bhendi rakatanga kuparara zvishoma nezvishoma. Townsend akapindwa muropa necocaine, heroin, zvinonyaradza, uye doro, achitambura kuwedzeredza kwakaipisisa muna 1981.
Zvichakadaro, Entwistle naDaltrey vakaenderera mberi nemabasa avo ega. Chikwata ichi chakasanganazve muna 1981 kuti vatore dambarefu ravo rekutanga kubva pakafa Mwedzi, Face Dances, kuongororo dzakasanganiswa.
Gore rakatevera, The Who akaburitsa Zvakaoma ndokutanga rwendo rwavo rwekupedzisira. Zvisinei, rwendo rwokuonekana rwakanga rusiri rwekuonekana. Bhendi rakabatana zvakare kuridza Live Aid muna 1985.
The Who also reconvention in 1994 for two concerts kupemberera Daltrey's 50th anniversary.
Muzhizha ra1997, bhendi rakatanga rwendo rweAmerica, rwakanga rusina hanya nevatori venhau. Muna Gumiguru 2001, bhendi rakaridza "Concert yeNew York" kumhuri dzevakabatwa nekurwiswa kwa11/XNUMX.
Pakupera kwaChikumi 2002, The Who akange ave kuda kutanga rwendo rweNorth America, asi zvisingatarisirwi Entwistle akafa aine makore makumi mashanu nemanomwe paHard Rock Hotel muLas Vegas.
Muna 2006, Townsend naDaltrey vakaburitsa mini-opera Wire & Glass (kubatana kwavo kwekutanga mumakore makumi maviri).
Musi waZvita 7, 2008, pamhemberero muWashington, D.C., Townsend neDaltrey vakagamuchira Kennedy Center Honours nekuda kwekupa kwavo kwehupenyu hwese kutsika dzeAmerica.
