Nhasi, muimbi Modest Mussorgsky anobatanidzwa nenziyo dzenziyo dzakazadzwa nengano uye zviitiko zvekare. Muimbi nemaune haana kukundwa neWestern current. Nekuda kweizvi, akakwanisa kunyora nziyo dzepakutanga dzakazadzwa nesimbi yerudzi rwevanhu veRussia.
Ubwana uye huduku
Zvinozivikanwa kuti munyori wenziyo akanga ari mugari wenhaka. Modest akaberekwa musi waKurume 9, 1839 munzvimbo diki yeKarevo. Mhuri yaMussorgsky yaigara zvakanaka kwazvo. Vabereki vake vaiva neminda, saka vaigona kuzviwanira upenyu husiri hurombo ivo nevana vavo.
Vabereki vakakwanisa kupa Modest kusununguka uye kufara kwehuduku. Akageza achichengetwa naamai vake, uye kubva kuna baba vake akagamuchira mipimo yakarurama youpenyu. Mussorgsky akakurira pasi pekuchengetwa kwenanny. Akapinza mumukomana rudo rwemimhanzi uye ngano dzechiRussia. Apo Modest Petrovich akakura, akarangarira mukadzi uyu kanopfuura kamwe.
Mimhanzi yaimufadza kubva achiri mudiki. Atova pazera remakore manomwe, aigona kutora rwiyo nenzeve, rwaakanzwa maminetsi mashomanana apfuura. Aivewo shasha pazvipenga zvepiyano zvinorema. Pasinei neizvi, vabereki havana kuona munyori kana muimbi mumwanakomana wavo. Kuna Modest, vaida basa rakakomba.
Mukomana wacho paakanga ava nemakore 10, baba vake vakamuendesa kuchikoro cheGermany, chaiva muSt. Baba vakadzokorora maonero avo pamusoro pezvido zvemwanakomana wavo zvemimhanzi, saka, mutsika yeRussia, Modest akadzidza nemuimbi uye mudzidzisi Anton Avgustovich Gerke. Nenguva isipi Mussorgsky akapa mutambo wake wekutanga kuhama dzake.
Mukuru wemhuri akafara chaizvo kubudirira kwemwanakomana wake. Baba vakabvumira kudzidzisa kuverenga nokunyora nziyo. Asi izvi hazvina kumutorera chido chokurera murume chaiye kubva kumwanakomana wake. Nenguva isipi Modest akapinda muchikoro chevakuru vakuru. Zvinoenderana nekurangarira kwemurume uyu, kuomarara uye kuranga kwakatonga muchinzvimbo.
Mussorgsky akagamuchira zvachose mitemo yose yakagadzwa yechikoro chevarindi vakuru. Pasinei nezvidzidzo zvake uye kudzidziswa kwakaoma, haana kusiya mimhanzi. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake hwekuimba, akazova mweya wekambani. Hapana kana zororo rakapfuura pasina mutambo weModest Petrovich. Maiwe, kazhinji mitambo isina kurongeka yaiperekedzwa nezvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Izvi zvakaparira kukura kwechidhakwa mumuimbi.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Modest Mussorgsky
Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chedzidzo, Modest akatumirwa kuSt. Petersburg Preobrazhensky Regiment. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo muimbi akabudirira. Akasangana nevakuru veRussia.
Ipapo Modest kazhinji akaonekwa muimba Alexander Dargomyzhsky. Akakwanisa kupinda mudenderedzwa revanhu vetsika. Mily Balakirev akarayira munyori kuti asiye basa rehondo uye ape hupenyu hwake kumimhanzi.
Nzira yekugadzira yeakakurumbira maestro yakatanga nemunyori achikudza hunyanzvi hwake hwekuimba. Akabva aziva kuti akanga achifunga zvakafara zvikuru kupfuura gadziriro dzakapfava dzezviridzwa zvesymphonic. Maestro akapa akati wandei orchestral scherzos, pamwe nemutambo waShamil's Kurume. Mabasa acho akatenderwa nevamiriri vetsika dzeRussia, mushure mezvo Modest Petrovich akafunga nezvekugadzira ma opera.
Kwemakore matatu akatevera, akashanda nesimba pakuumbwa kwakavakirwa panjodzi yaSophocles "Oedipus Rex". Uye akazoshanda pachirongwa che opera "Salambo" naGustave Flaubert. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti hapana rimwe remabasa ari pamusoro apa remaestro rakambopedzwa. Akakurumidza kurega kufarira zvinhu zvakasikwa. Asi, sezvingabvira, haana kupedza nziyo dzacho nemhaka yokupindwa muropa nedoro.
kuedza
Ma1960 ekutanga anogona kuratidzwa senguva yekuedzwa kwemimhanzi. Modest Petrovich, aifarira zvikuru nhetembo, akanyora mimhanzi. "Rwiyo rweMukuru", "Tsar Sauro" uye "Kalistrat" - idzi hadzisi dzese nziyo dzakagamuchirwa kubva kuRussia tsika nhamba. Aya mabasa akaparira tsika yechivanhu mubasa remaestro. Mussorgsky akabata matambudziko emagariro mumabasa ake. Nziyo dzacho dzainge dzakazara nemadhirama.
Yakasvika nguva yerudo rwenziyo. Nziyo dzinotevera dzaive dzakakurumbira: "Svetik-Savishna", "Rwiyo rweYarema" uye "Seminarian". Mabasa akaratidzwa akagamuchirwa noushamwari nevanhu vepanguva iyoyo. Creativity Modest Petrovich akatanga kufarira kure kupfuura miganhu yeRussia. Mukupera kwema1960, kuratidzwa kweiyo incredible symphonic kuumbwa "Midsummer Night paBald Mountain" yakaitika.
Panguva iyoyo, aive nhengo yesangano reMighty Handful. Zvine mwero zvakanyura, senge chipanje, mazano uye maitiro mumimhanzi, izvo zvakakonzerwa nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika munyika. Maestro akanzwisisa kuti basa revanhu vetsika raive rekukwanisa kuburitsa dambudziko rezviitiko izvi kuburikidza neprism yemimhanzi. Modest akakwanisa kuendesa mufananidzo unoshamisa wezviitiko zvakaitika muRus munguva yakapfuura uye yemazuva ano.
Vanyori vaida kuunza hunyanzvi padyo nezviitiko chaizvo. Nokudaro, vakanga vachitsvaga izvo zvinonzi "mafomu matsva". Nenguva isipi, maestro akapa ruzhinji chinyorwa "Marriage". Vanyori vehupenyu vakadana basa raMussorgsky "kudziya-up" pamberi pekuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwenyika "Boris Godunov".
Modest Mussorgsky: Kusununguka kwebasa
Basa paOpera Boris Godunov rakatanga mukupera kwema1960. Zvakanga zviri nyore kuti Modest Petrovich atambe zvikamu zvekuti kare muna 1969 akapedza basa paopera. Yaiva nezviito zvina zvine sumo. Chimwe chokwadi chinonakidzawo: pakunyora kuumbwa, maestro haana kushandisa dhizaini. Akasimudzira pfungwa iyi kwenguva refu uye pakarepo akanyora basa racho mubhuku rakachena.
Mussorgsky akanyatsoratidza dingindira revanhuwo zvavo uye nevanhu vese. Maestro paakaona kunaka kwakaita kuumbwa kwacho, akasiya makonzati ega achifarira kwaya. Pavaida kuridza opera paMariinsky Theatre, mutungamiriri wacho akaramba maestro, pashure pacho Modest aifanira kuita shanduko pabasa racho.
Munguva pfupi munyori akashanda pakuumbwa. Iye zvino opera yava nemamwe mavara matsva. Mhedziso, iyo yakanga iri chiitiko chevanhu vakawanda, yakawana ruvara rwakakosha mubasa. Iyo yekutanga opera yakaitika muna 1974. Kuumbwa kwacho kwakazadzwa nefolklore motifs nemifananidzo ine mavara. Modest Petrovich mushure mekutanga akashambidzwa nemwaranzi yekubwinya.
Pamafungu emukurumbira uye kuzivikanwa, maestro akagadzira imwe ngano. Basa idzva "Khovanshchina" rave risina kujeka. Mutambo wemumhanzi wevanhu waisanganisira zvishanu zviitwa uye mafirimu matanhatu anoenderana neayo libretto. Modest haana kupedza basa pamutambo wemimhanzi.
Mumakore akatevera, maestro yakabvarurwa pakati pemabasa maviri panguva imwe chete. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvakamutadzisa kupedza basa - akatambura nekudhakwa uye urombo. Muna 1879, shamwari dzake dzakaronga kumushanyira maguta eRussia. Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti asafira muurombo.
Ona zvakadzama hupenyu hwemunyori Modest Mussorgsky
Mussorgsky akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake hwekuziva uye hwekusika muSt. Aive chikamu chevakuru. Nhengo dzesangano rekusika "The Mighty Handful" vaiva mhuri chaiyo yemuimbi. Navo aigoverana mufaro nokusuwa.
Maestro aiva neshamwari dzakawanda uye vaaizivana navo vakanaka. Aidiwa nevarume vakanaka. Asi, nhamo, hapana mumwe wevakadzi vake vaaiziva haana kuva mudzimai wake.
Muimbi uye munyori aiva nehukama hupfupi naLyudmila Shestakova, hanzvadzi yaMikhail Glinka. Vakanyorerana tsamba vachireurura rudo rwavo. Haana kumuroora. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinogoneka zvekuramba hukama hwepamutemo zvinogona kunge zviri kudhakwa kwaMussorgsky.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori
- Akakundikana kuwana kuzivikanwa kwepasi rose munguva yehupenyu hwake. Muzana remakore rechiXNUMX chete mabasa e maestro akakosheswa.
- Aiimba zvinoyevedza uye aive nezwi rinoyevedza rakanyorovera.
- Modest Petrovich aiwanzosiya mabasa akanaka kwazvo asina kuasvitsa pamhedziso yavo ine musoro.
- Munyori wenziyo aida kufamba, asi aisakwanisa kuitenga. Akanga ari kumaodzanyemba kweRussia chete.
- Aiwanzogara mudzimba nemudzimba dzevaaizivana navo. Nokuti pashure pokunge baba vake vafa, munyori wacho akasangana nematambudziko emari.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemunyori anozivikanwa Modest Mussorgsky
Mukutanga kwema1870, hutano hwemaestro akakurumbira hwakadzikira. Murume wechidiki ane makore 40 okuberekwa ashanduka kuita murume mukuru asina simba. Mussorgsky akamboita nguva dzekupenga. Zvose izvi zvingadai zvakadziviswa. Asi kutandara kwechidhakwa nguva dzose hakuna kusiya munyori mukana wehupenyu hwakanaka uye hune hutano.
Mamiriro emuimbi uyu akatariswa nachiremba George Carrick. Modest Petrovich akanyanya kumubhadharira, sezvo nguva pfupi yadarika akabatwa nekutya kufa. George akaedza kubvisa kupindwa muropa nedoro, asi akakundikana.
Mamiriro emuimbi uyu akawedzera kuipa mushure mekudzingwa kwake pabasa. Akava murombo. Kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kugadzikana uye emanzwiro, Modest Petrovich akatanga kunwa zvakanyanya. Akapona nguva dzinoverengeka dzedelirium tremens. Ilya Repin aiva mumwe wevaya vaitsigira maestro. Akabhadhara kurapwa, kunyange akapenda mufananidzo weMussorgsky.
Musi waKurume 16, 1881, akawira zvakare mukupenga. Akafa nemeth-alcohol psychosis. Muimbi wacho akavigwa munharaunda yeSt.
