Mumwe piyona we jazz, Louis Armstrong ndiye mutambi akakosha wekutanga kubuda murudzi urwu. Uye gare gare Louis Armstrong akazova muimbi ane simba zvikuru munhoroondo yemimhanzi. Armstrong aive virtuoso mutambi wehwamanda. Mimhanzi yake, kutanga nema1920s studio rekodhi raakaita neakakurumbira Hot Five uye Hot Seven ensembles, akaronga remangwana rejazz mukuvandudza, kushungurudza manzwiro.
Nokuda kweizvi anoremekedzwa nevateveri vejazz. Asi Armstrong akazovawo munhu mukuru mumimhanzi yakakurumbira. Izvi zvese nekuda kwekuimba kwake kwakasiyana baritone uye hunhu hunokwezva. Akaratidza matarenda ake munhevedzano yemazwi akarekodhwa uye mabasa mumafirimu.
Akapona panguva yebebop ye40s, achiwedzera kudiwa pasirese. Pakazosvika ma50, Armstrong akanga achizivikanwa zvikuru sezvaaifamba muUnited States yose. Aya ndiwo mawaniro aanoita zita rekuti "Ambassador Sutch". Kusimuka kwake muma60s aine marekodhi akahwina akadai sa1965 Grammy-akahwina "Hello Dolly" uye 1968 classic "Iyo Nyika Inoshamisa" yakasimbisa nhaka yake semumhanzi uye tsika chiratidzo munyika yemimhanzi.
Muna 1972, gore mushure mekufa kwake, akagamuchira Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Saizvozvowo, akawanda eakarekodhwa ane simba, akadai sa1928's West End Blues uye 1955's Mack the Knife, akapinzwa muGrammy Hall of Fame.
Hudiki uye yekutanga kuda kwemimhanzi yaLouis Armstrong
Armstrong akaberekwa muna 1901 muNew Orleans, Louisiana. Aive nekukura kwakaoma. William Armstrong, baba vake, aiva mushandi wefekitari akasiya mhuri nguva pfupi mukomana aberekwa. Armstrong akarerwa naamai vake, Mary (Albert) Armstrong, uye mbuya vake amai vake. Akaratidza kufarira mimhanzi yepakutanga, uye mutengesi waaishandira semudzidzi wepuraimari akamubatsira kutenga cornet. Pachiridzwa ichi, Louis akazodzidza kutamba zvakanaka.
Armstrong akasiya chikoro pazera remakore gumi nerimwe kuti abatane nebhendi risina kurongwa, asi musi waDecember 11, 31, akapfura pfuti panguva yemhemberero dzeGore Idzva uye akatumirwa kuchikoro chekuchinja. Ikoko akadzidza mumhanzi uye akaridza koneti uye girazi bead mubhendi rechikoro, uye pakupedzisira akava mutungamiriri waro.
Akasunungurwa musi waChikumi 16, 1914 uye ipapo muimbi akanga achiita basa remaoko, achiedza kuzvisimbisa semuimbi. Akatorwa pasi pebapiro raJoe "King" Oliver, uye Oliver paakatamira kuChicago muna Chikumi 1918, Armstrong akamutsiva mubhendi reKid Ory. Muchirimo cha1919, akatamira kuboka reFate Marable, akasara naMarable kusvika mumatsutso a1921.
Armstrong akatamira kuChicago kunobatana neboka raOliver muna Nyamavhuvhu 1922 uye akaita zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga senhengo yeboka iri muchirimo cha1923. Ikoko akaroora Lillian Harden, muimbi wepiyano mubhendi raOliver, muna Kukadzi 5, 1924. Akanga ari wechipiri pavakadzi vake vana. Nerubatsiro rwake, akasiya Oliver ndokujoinha boka raFletcher Henderson muNew York, akagara ikoko kwegore, ndokuzodzokera kuChicago muna Mbudzi 1925 kunobata Dreamland Syncopators yemukadzi wake. Munguva iyi, akachinja kubva kukona kuenda kune hwamanda.
Louis Armstrong: kuwana mukurumbira
Armstrong akagamuchira kutariswa kwakakwana kwemunhu kuti aite kutanga kwake semutungamiri musi waNovember 12, 1925. Pasi pechibvumirano neOKeh Records, akatanga kugadzira nhevedzano yestudio band-chete rekodha inonzi Hot Fives kana Hot Sevens.
Akaita mukonzati nevaimbi vaitungamirirwa naErskine Tate naCarroll Dickerson. The Hot Fives yekurekodha ye "Muskrat Ramble" yakapa Armstrong hit paTop 1926 muna Chikunguru XNUMX. The Hot Fives yakaratidzawo Kid Ory patrombone, Johnny Dodds pa clarinet, Lillian Harden Armstrong papiyano, uye Johnny St. Cyr pa banjo.
Pakazosvika Kukadzi 1927, Armstrong aive nemukurumbira zvakakwana kutungamirira boka rake reLouis Armstrong & His Stompers paChicago's Sunset Cafe. Armstrong haana kushanda semutungamiri webhendi nenzira yakajairika, asi panzvimbo pezvo aingopa zita rake kumabhendi akasimbiswa. Muna Kubvumbi, akasvika pamusoro pemachati nerekodha yake yekutanga yezwi "Big Butter uye Egg Man", duet naMay Alix.
Akave muimbi ari ega mubhendi raCarroll Dickerson paSavoy Ballroom muChicago muna Kurume 1928, uye akazove mutungamiriri webhendi. Imwe "Hotter Than That" yakarova Top 1928 muna May XNUMX, ichiteverwa ne "West End Blues" munaSeptember, iyo yakazove imwe yezvinyorwa zvekutanga kuonekwa muGrammy Hall of Fame.
Armstrong akadzokera kuNew York neboka rake kuti apinde Connie's Inn muHarlem muna May 1929. Akatangawo kuridza mu orchestra yeBroadway revue Hot Chocolates, uye akawana mukurumbira nekutamba kwake rwiyo "Ain't Misbehavin'". MunaGunyana, kurekodha kwake kwerwiyo urwu kwakapinda mumachati, kukava hit yepamusoro gumi.
Louis Armstrong: nguva dzose kufamba uye kushanya
Muna Kukadzi 1930, Armstrong akatamba neLouis Russell Orchestra yekushanya kumaodzanyemba, uye muna Chivabvu akaenda kuLos Angeles, kwaakatungamira bhendi kuSebastian's Cotton Club kwemwedzi gumi yakatevera.
Akabva aita debut yake mufirimu "Ex-Flame", yakabudiswa pakupera 1931. Pakazosvika 1932, akange atama kubva ku "mimhanzi yemarudzi" yakanangana neOKeh kune yake yakawanda pop-yakatarisana Columbia rekodhi rekodhi, iyo yaakarekodha akati wandei eTop 5 hits: "Chinatown, My Chinatown" uye "You Can Depend on Me", yakateverwa neyaMarch yakarova "All of Me" munaKurume 1932 uye imwe chete "Love, You Funny Thing" yakarova machati mwedzi iwoyo.
Muchirimo cha1932, Armstrong akadzokera kuChicago kundotamba neboka raitungamirirwa naZilner Randolph; boka racho rakabva ratenderera nenyika yose.
Muna July, Armstrong akaenda kuEngland. Akapedza makore mashomanana akatevera ari muEurope, uye basa rake rokuAmerica raitsigirwa nenhevedzano yezvakarekodhwa mudura, kubatanidza nziyo gumi dzepamusoro dzinoti “Sweethearts on Parade” (August 1932; yakanyorwa December 1930) uye “Body and Soul” (October 1932; yakanyorwa muna Gumiguru 1930).
Shanduro yake yakanakisisa ye "Hobo, You Can't Ride This Train" yakarova pamusoro pemachati kutanga kwa1933. Iyo imwe chete yakanyorwa paVictor Records.
Louis Armstrong: dzokera kuUSA
Muimbi uyu paakadzokera kuUS muna 1935, akasaina neDecca Records ichangobva kuumbwa uye nekukurumidza akahwina hit yeTop Gumi: "Ndiri muMood yeRudo"/"Iwe Ndiwe Nyeredzi Yemhanza Yangu".
Maneja mutsva waArmstrong, Joe Glaser, akamurongera boka. Iyo yekutanga yakaitika muIndianapolis musi waChikunguru 1, 1935. Mumakore mashomanana akatevera aigara achishanya.
Akagamuchirawo nhevedzano yezvikamu zviduku mumafirimu. Kutanga naPennies kubva Kudenga muna Zvita 1936. Armstrong akaenderera mberi nekurekodha kuDecca studios. Mhedzisiro yeTop Gumi yakazobuda yaisanganisira "Public Melody Number One" (Nyamavhuvhu 1937), "Apo Vatsvene Vanoenda Vachipinda" (Kubvumbi 1939) uye "Haungagutsikane (Kusvikira Waputsa Mwoyo Wangu)." (Kubvumbi 1946) - yekupedzisira duet naElla Fitzgerald. Louis Armstrong akadzokera kuBroadway mumhanzi mupfupi Swingin 'The Dream munaNovember 1939.
Zvibvumirano zvitsva uye hit rekodhi
Nekudzikira kwemimhanzi yekuswing mumakore mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Armstrong akaparadza boka rake rakakura ndokuisa pamwechete boka diki rainzi "His All-Stars", iro rakatanga kuLos Angeles musi wa13 Nyamavhuvhu 1947. Rwendo rwekutanga rweEurope kubvira 1935 rwakaitika muna Kukadzi 1948. Ipapo muimbi agara achitenderera pasirese.
Muna Chikumi 1951, basa rake rakarova marekodhi gumi epamusoro - Satchmo paSymphony Hall (zita rake remadunhurirwa rainzi Satchmo). Saka Armstrong akanyora ake ekutanga gumi asina kuroorwa mumakore mashanu. Yaiva imwe chete "(Patinenge tichitamba) Ini Ndinowana Mazano".
Iyo B-side yeimwe yaive nerekodha yerwiyo "A Kiss Kuvaka Chiroto On", yakaimbwa naArmstrong mufirimu The Strip. Muna 1993, akawana mukurumbira mutsva apo basa rake rakashandiswa mufirimu Kusarara muSeattle.
Basa raArmstrong rine mavara akasiyana
Armstrong akapedza chibvumirano chake naDecca muna 1954, mushure mezvo maneja wake akaita sarudzo isina kujairika yekusasaina kondirakiti nyowani, asi panzvimbo pekuhaya Armstrong semushandi akasununguka kune mamwe mavara.
Yakanzi Satch Inotamba Mafuta, mutero kuFats Waller, yaive yepamusoro gumi rekodhi yakanyorwa kuColumbia muna Gumiguru 1955. Verve Records yakasaina Armstrong kune dzakateedzana rekodhi naElla Fitzgerald, kutanga naElla naLouis LP muna 1956.
Armstrong akaenderera mberi nekushanyira pasinei nekurwadziwa kwemoyo munaJune 1959. Muna 1964, akarova zvakashamisa nekunyora rwiyo rwemumhanzi weBroadway Hello, Dolly!, wakasvika nhamba yekutanga muna Chivabvu, mushure mezvo rwiyo rwakaenda rwegoridhe.
Armstrong akarekodha album ine zita rimwechete. Izvi zvakamuwanisa Grammy yeBest Vocal Performance. Kubudirira uku kwakadzokororwa pasi rose makore mana gare gare. Nekurova "Iyo Nyika Inoshamisa". Armstrong akahwina nhamba yekutanga muUK muna Kubvumbi 1968. Izvo hazvina kugamuchira zvakanyanya kutariswa muUS kusvika 1987. Imwe yacho yakabva yashandiswa mufirimu rinonzi Good Morning Vietnam. Mushure mezvo yakava Top 40 hit.
Armstrong akakandwa mufirimu ra1969 Hello, Dolly! Muimbi akaita rwiyo rwemusoro muduti naBarbra Streisand. Akatanga kuita zvishoma kazhinji mukupera kwema60 uye ekutanga 70s.
Louis Armstrong: kuvira kwezuva kwenyeredzi
Muimbi akafa nechirwere chemoyo muna 1971 aine makore 69. Kwapera gore, akapiwa Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Senyanzvi, Armstrong akaonekwa nemapoka maviri akasiyana zvachose evateereri. Vekutanga vaive vateveri vejazz vaimuremekedza nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake hwekutanga semuimbi. Dzimwe nguva vainyara nekushaiwa kwake kufarira mune zvakazoitika mujazz. Vechipiri mafeni emimhanzi yepop. Vakayemura kuita kwake kunofadza. Kunyanya semuimbi, asi aisaziva kukosha kwake semuimbi wejazz.
Tichifunga nezvekuzivikanwa kwake, basa refu uye basa rakawanda remabhii raakaita mumakore achangopfuura, zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti basa rake inyanzvi mumhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi.
