Lidia Ruslanova muimbi weSoviet ane nzira yekugadzira uye yehupenyu haigoni kunzi iri nyore uye isina makore. Tarenda remuimbi raigara richidiwa, kunyanya mukati memakore ehondo. Aive muboka rakakosha rakashanda kweanenge makore mana kuti rihwine.
Mumakore eGreat Patriotic War, Lydia, pamwe chete nevamwe vaimbi, vakaita makonzati anopfuura 1000. Akaita munzvimbo dzinopisa. Musikana ari nyore murombo aisiyaniswa nehunhu hwake hwakanaka uye hunhu hwesimbi.
Aive nezwi rakanaka rine siyana siyana. Lydia akakwanisa kuvandudza maitiro ake ekupa zvinhu zvemimhanzi. Kuita kwaRuslanova ndekwekutanga uye kwakasiyana.
Akanyatsoratidza mafungiro emabasa emimhanzi "Steppe uye steppe kumativi ose", "Century Linden", "Ndakakwira chikomo", "Mwedzi uri kupenya", "Bhutsu dzebhutsu". Sezvineiwo, Lydia aifarira kwete chete vanhu art. Repertoire yake inosanganisira mabasa nevanyori veSoviet.
Hudiki uye hudiki hwaLidia Ruslanova
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwemuimbi Gumiguru 14 (27), 1900. Vabereki vemusikana achangoberekwa vaiva varombowo zvavo. Amai nababa vaLydia vakanga vari kuita basa rokurera vana vatatu. Ruslanova aiva nehanzvadzi nehanzvadzi.
Haana kunakidzwa nekutarisirwa uye kutarisirwa kwevabereki vake kwenguva refu. Mukuru wemhuri akashevedzwa kumberi, amai vake ndokufa Lydia achiri mudiki. Akaendeswa kunochengetwa nherera. Akagoverwa nemukoma wake nehanzvadzi yake.
Musikana akawana tarenda rake rezwi pakutanga. Ari mumusha wenherera, akapinda kwaya yechechi. Vafundisi vakayemura kuimba kwaRidhiya uye vakaprofita nezveramangwana rakanaka rokuimba kwaari.
Ruslanova pachake akafunga nezvebasa remuimbi. Nenguva isipi akava mudzidzi paimba inochengeterwa mhuka mutaundi reruwa reSamara. Pashure pemakore mashomanana, kuziva kwakauya kuti akanga asingafariri mazwi ezvidzidzo, akakweverwa kune vanhu.
Akadziirwa nekuridzwa kwenziyo dzechivanhu. Muna 1916, Lydia akaenda mberi kuti abatsire muchitima chechipatara. Akafadza varwi nekuita kwenziyo dzechivanhu nenziyo dzenziyo. Nenzira, ipapo akawana bhuku rake rokutanga.
Nzira yekugadzira yaLidia Ruslanova
Akatora chimiro semuimbi mukutanga 20s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Kunyangwe ipapo, akagadzira yake nzira yekuburitsa mimhanzi, mufananidzo wakajeka uye yekutanga repertoire. Akava chikamu chepop theatre "Skomorokhi", iyo yakanga iri munzvimbo yeRostov-on-Don.
Solo muimbi akatanga kuita makore mashoma gare gare. Kuita kwaLydia kwekutanga kwakaenda pamwero mukuru. Ipapo chinhu chinonakidza chakaonekwa muhupenyu hwake - muenzi anounganidza mabhuku uye zvipfeko zvine mavara. Muzvipfeko, aiwanzoenda pachikuva. Murume wechipiri waLydia akapinza maari kuda upenyu hwoumbozha.
Munguva iyi yenguva, marekodhi neakaimba nemuiti wacho akabuda akawanda. Fans vakakurumidza kutenga zvinyorwa nezwi remashiripiti remuimbi. Vafudzi vanobva kumativi akasiyana eU.SR vaifarira basa rake.
Basa remuinzi Lidia Ruslanova sechikamu chetimu konzati
Pakupera kwema30, aive zvakare kumberi. Muimbi wacho akabatana nechikwata chekonzati. Zvakanga zvakamuomera zvisingaite, asi akaramba. Lydia aikwanisa kuita maawa akawanda achitonhorwa, akanga asina imba yakanaka, tisingatauri hedu imba yekugezera. Munguva iyi yenguva, ainyanya kunetseka nezvenyaya yekuchengetedza inzwi rake. Akamanikidzwa kutora mishonga kuti adzivirire tsinga dzake padzihwa nehosha dzinotapukira.
Nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Lydia aive zvakare pane rondedzero yemakonti brigade. Iyi nguva yakaoma yehupenyu hwemuimbi yakawedzera chiremera chake uye mukurumbira. Mari yaaiwana aishandisa kuzvifadza. Ruslanova akatenga madhaimani, mifananidzo uye zvimwe zvinokosha. Shamwari yemuimbi inoyeuka:
“Yakanga isiri imba, asi miziyamu chaiyo. Ndinonyanya kuyeuka sofa, iro rakanga rakafukidzwa nesirivha gava. Aive nemifananidzo yakawanda nebhokisi rebrown. Bhokisi racho rakanga rakazara nematombo anokosha…”.
Mugore rechi47 rezana remakore rapfuura, Politburo yeCentral Committee yeAll-Union Communist Party yeBolsheviks yakabudisa chisarudzo "Pamusoro pekupiwa zvisiri pamutemo kwemakomuredhi. Zhukov uye Telegin yemuimbi L. Ruslanova nemirairo yeU.SR. Akatorerwa mubairo wake.
Kwapera gore, imwe nyaya inofadza yakaonekwa, iyo yakaita se "rangano yemauto." Mugore iroro, iye nomurume wake vakasungwa. Kunyarara kwaLydia kwakaperera ipapo.
Lydia Ruslanova: mhedziso yemuimbi
Makore mashoma mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, "rangano yemauto" yakaziviswa. Vose vanozivana naMarshal Zhukov, kusanganisira Ruslanov, vakapedzisira vava mujeri. Pakupera kwema40, Lydia akasungwa pamwe chete nomurume wake. Mhuri yakatsanangura zvese zvakawanikwa, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, zvinyorwa zvake zvakarambidzwa.
Mukadzi wacho akabvunzurudzwa kwenguva yakareba, akanyombwa mutsika, ndokuzotongerwa - kusungwa. Akaendeswa kumusasa. Lydia akatamiswa kakawanda kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo. Ruslanova aibvunzurudzwa nguva nenguva uye akaedza kubata maererano naZhukov.
Ari mujeri, akaedza kusaora mwoyo, kunyange zvazvo pane dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvisingabviri. Akasangana nekurwadziswa kwese netsvina yaaive adirwa paari. Kunyange mumusasa, Lydia haana kuzvinyima mukana wekuita nziyo dzake dzaanofarira.
Mukutanga 50s, mumwe mukadzi akaguma mujeri Vladimir. Munguva iyi yenguva, mutambi Z. Fedorova akashumira nguva ikoko. Soviet artists vakawana mutauro wakafanana. Mujeri, Lydia akaramba kuimba, uye achateerera hurongwa hunogamuchirwa. Kanoverengeka akanga ari muchitokisi chechirango uye kakawanda airwara nemabayo.
Mushure mekufa kwaStalin, muimbi, pamwe chete nemurume wake, "akaregererwa." Chikamu chenzvimbo yacho chakadzorerwa kumhuri yacho, uye vakatanga kurarama upenyu hunenge hwavajaira. Chaingonetsa Lydia ndechekuti hutano hwake hwaive hwave kuzunguzika. Aisatomboda kukwira pachikuva nekuda kweizvi. Asi kupfuura zvese, ainetsekana nenyaya yekuti aive anyadziswa pamberi pevanhu uye vateveri vake havachamuremekedza.
Zvisinei, mamiriro emari emhuri akaramba ari mashoma uye aifanira kudzokera pachikuva. Mari yacho akaipedzera pakurongedzera imba uye kutengera murume wake motokari.
Mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, akaramba kuenda pachikuva kwenguva refu. Lydia akaurayiwa uye akadzvinyirirwa. Muma60s, akaonekwa chete panhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo. Ipapo basa rake rekonzati rakavandudzika zvakare, asi, maiwe, kwete kwenguva refu.
Lidia Ruslanova: tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwake pachake
Hupenyu hwake hwega hunogona kunzi hunobudirira. Akapona zvinyorwa zvakawanda uye akagara achibudirira nebonde rakasimba. Kekutanga akaroorwa achiri mudiki. Vitaly Stepanov akava vasanangurwa vake.
Kwapera gore, mwana wekutanga akaberekwa mumhuri. Mamwe mashoko ane mashoko ekuti murume waLydia akatiza vahosi vake achinoba mwana waaiva naye. Mamwe mashoko anoti mukomana wacho akafa achiri mucheche.
Akabva aita zvekudanana nemumwe murume Naum Naumin. Mukadzi wacho akagamuchira chikarakadzo chake chokunyoresa ukama hwacho, uye muna 1919 vakasaina. Vakagara vose kwemakore gumi vachifara. Zvichida vadikani vakaramba vachifara mumwe nomumwe, asi nokukurumidza Naumin akadzvinyirirwa. Murume akapfurwa. Akapomerwa mhosva yekubatanidzwa mune rimwe sangano remagandanga.
Ridhia haana kuramba ari chirikadzi kwenguva refu. Ruslanova akaroora Mikhail Garkavy. Akange akanyorwa semuvaraidza, mutambi uye humorist. Apa muchato wainge usinawo kusimba. Lydia akaonekwa muukama naGeorgy Zhukov. Kuzivana kwaRuslanova naZhukov kwakauraya.
Uyezve, mwoyo wekunaka wakabatwa nemumwe Vladimir Kryukov. Zvinofadza kuti panguva iyoyo akanga achiri kunyorwa semudzimai waHarkavy. Chakanga chiri chikonzero chikuru kusiya murume wake. Nokukurumidza akanyoresa ukama naGeorge uye akatotora dzidzo yemwanasikana waKryukov, Margarita.
Margarita akava mwanasikana waLydia pachake. Vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari pamwe chete. Mushure mekufa kwaRuslanova, Rita akayeuka amai vake vokurera chete nenzira yakanaka.
Ukama hwepedyo hwaLydia naZhukov hwakakonzera kwete kuguma kwake chete, asiwo kuguma kwaVladimir. Murume wacho akafa muna 1959, uye akaramba ari chirikadzi. Mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, haana kuoneka pachikuva kwegore.
Kufa kwaLydia Ruslanova
Pashure porufu rwomurume wake, utano hwake hwakaipa zvikuru. Haana kumuka pamubhedha kwenguva refu uye akakumbira Rita kuti amuverengere mabhuku. Apo muimbi akanzwa zvakanaka, akashanyira mabhaisikopo uye akafadza vateveri vebasa rake nemitambo. Nenzira, mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akanga asingabvumirwi kuenda kunze kwenyika. Chimiro chenyanzvi yevanhu haana kudzoserwa kwaari zvakare.
Mugore rechi73 rezana ramakore rapfuura, akaoneka pachikuva kekupedzisira. Muimbi weSoviet akafa musi waSeptember 21, 1973. Akabatwa nechirwere chemoyo. Mushure me autopsy, zvakazozivikanwa kuti muimbi akatambura nemoyo wakawanda muhupenyu hwake. Mutumbi wake wakavigwa mune imwe yemakuva muMoscow.
Mumireniyamu itsva, firimu "The Cruel Romance yaLidia Ruslanova" yakaratidzwa. Mufananidzo unofambisa wakanyatsoratidza mararamiro emuimbi. Kwapera gore, mutambo we "The Lady" wakaitwa munharaunda yeIrkutsk (Russia). Yakanga yakatsaurirwa kundangariro yemuimbi weSoviet.
