Hazvibviri kurerutsa mupiro wemunyori Johann Sebastian Bach kune tsika yemimhanzi yenyika. Matungiro ake ane hungwaru. Akabatanidza tsika dzakanakisisa dzechiPurotesitendi chant netsika dzeAustria, Italy neFrench zvikoro zvemimhanzi.
Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti munyori akashanda makore anopfuura 200 apfuura, kufarira nhaka yake yakapfuma hakuna kuderera. Nziyo dzemunyori dzinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemitambo yemazuva ano uye mitambo. Uyezve, vanogona kunzwika mumabhaisikopo emazuva ano nemitambo yeTV.
Johann Sebastian Bach: Uduku uye huduku
Musiki akaberekwa pana March 31, 1685 mutaundi duku reEisenach (Germany). Akakurira mumhuri huru, iyo yaisanganisira vana 8. Sebastian aive nemukana wese wekuve munhu ane mukurumbira. Mukuru wemhuri akasiyawo nhaka yakapfuma. Ambrosius Bach (baba vemuimbi) aiva munyori akakurumbira. Mumhuri mavo maiva nezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevaimbi.
Akanga ari musoro wemhuri uyo akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake musical notation. Baba Johann vakapa mhuri huru nehurongwa hwemitambo yemagariro uye kutamba mumachechi. Kubva achiri mudiki, Bach Jr. akaimba mukwaya yechechi uye aiziva kuridza zviridzwa zvakati wandei.
Bach paakanga aine makore 9, akawana kuvhunduka kwakasimba kwepfungwa nekuda kwekufa kwaamai vake. Kwapera gore, mukomana wacho akava nherera. Johann akanga asiri nyore. Akarerwa nemukoma wake, uyo akakurumidza kupa mukomana wacho kuimba yemitambo. Munzvimbo yedzidzo, akadzidza chiLatin, dzidziso yebhaibheri uye nhoroondo.
Nenguva isipi akanga ava kugona kuridza organ. Asi mukomana wacho aigara achida zvakawanda. Kufarira kwaaiita mumhanzi kwaiita sechimedu chechingwa chemurume ane nzara. Pachivande kubva kumukoma wake mukuru, Sebastian wechidiki akatora nziyo uye akakopa manotsi mubhuku rake. Mutarisiri wacho paakaona zvakanga zvichiitwa nomukoma wake, haana kugutsikana nemanomano akadaro achibva angosarudza gwaro rokuenda kuchiuto.
Aifanira kukurumidza kukura. Kuti awane kurarama mukuyaruka, akawana basa. Mukuwedzera, Bach akapedza kudzidza nekuremekedza kubva kuimba yekudzidzira, uye akazoda kupinda muchikoro chepamusoro. Akatadza kupinda yunivhesiti. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nekushaya mari.
Nzira yekugadzira yemuimbi Johann Sebastian Bach
Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chedzidzo, akawana basa naDuke Johann Ernst. Kwenguva yakati Bach akafadza mugamuchiri wake nevaenzi vake nekuridza kwake violin kunonakidza. Nenguva isipi muimbi akaneta nebasa iri. Aida kuzvivhurira horizons itsva. Akatora chinzvimbo cheoganist pachechi yeSt. Boniface.
Bach akafara nechinzvimbo chitsva. Mazuva matatu pamanomwe akashanda nesimba. Imwe nguva muimbi akazvipira kuwedzera repertoire yake. Ndipo paakanyora nhamba inokosha yezvinyorwa zveorgan, capriccios, cantatas uye suites. Makore matatu gare gare, akasiya chigaro ndokusiya guta reArnstadt. Mhosva yese - hukama hwakaoma nevakuru venzvimbo. Munguva iyi, Bach akafamba zvikuru.
Chokwadi chokuti Bach akatsunga kusiya basa muchechi kwenguva refu yakatsamwisa zviremera zvomunzvimbomo. Vechechi, avo vaitovenga muimbi nekuda kwemaitiro ake ega ekugadzira mabasa emimhanzi, vakamurongera mutambo unonyadzisa werwendowo zvarwo rwekuenda kuLübeck.
Muimbi akashanyira iri guta duku nokuda kwechikonzero. Chokwadi ndechokuti chifananidzo chake Dietrich Buxtehude aigara ikoko. Bach kubva paudiki hwake akarota kunzwa kurira kwakagadziridzwa kwemuimbi uyu. Sebastian akanga asina mari yekubhadhara rwendo rwokuenda kuLübeck. Haana zvimwe zvaaigona kuita kunze kwokuenda kuguta netsoka. Muimbi wacho akafadzwa zvikuru nekuita kwaDietrich zvokuti panzvimbo yerwendo rwakarongwa (rwakatora mwedzi mumwe), akagara ikoko kwemwedzi mitatu.
Mushure mokunge Bach adzokera kuguta, kupambwa kwechokwadi kwakanga kwatogadzirirwa kwaari. Akateerera kupomerwa kwaaipomerwa, mushure mezvo akasarudza kusiya nzvimbo ino zvachose. Munyori wenziyo akaenda kuMühlhausen. Muguta, akatora basa somuimbi wenziyo mukwaya yechechi yomunzvimbomo.
Zviremera zvakada muimbi mutsva uyu. Kusiyana nehurumende yapfuura, apa akagamuchirwa neushamwari uye akanaka. Uyezve, vagari vomunharaunda vakashamiswa nezvisikwa zvemaestro anozivikanwa. Munguva iyi yenguva, akanyora yakaisvonaka yakadzikama cantata "Ishe ndiye mambo wangu."
Shanduko muhupenyu hwemunyori
Kwapera gore, aifanira kutamira kunharaunda yeWeimar. Muimbi wacho akabhadharwa muducal palace. Ikoko akashanda semunyori wedare. Ino ndiyo nguva yenguva iyo vanyori vehupenyu vanofunga zvakanyanya chibereko muBach's kugadzira biography. Akanyora akawanda clavier uye orchestral nziyo. Asi, zvinonyanya kukosha, munyori akashandisa rhythms uye harmonic zvirongwa paainyora zvinyorwa zvitsva.
Panguva imwecheteyo, maestro akatanga kushanda pane yakakurumbira muunganidzwa "Organ Book". Muunganidzwa uyu unosanganisira chorale preludes yenhengo. Uye zvakare, akapa kuumbwa Passacaglia Minor uye gumi nemaviri cantatas. MuWeimar, akazova munhu wechitendero.
Bach aida kuchinja, saka muna 1717 akakumbira mutungamiriri kuti anzwirwe ngoni kuti abve pamuzinda wake. Bach akatora chinzvimbo naPrince Anhalt-Köthensky, ainyatsoziva nziyo dzechinyakare. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Sebastian akanyora nziyo dzezviitiko zvemagariro.
Nenguva isipi muimbi wacho akatora nzvimbo yekuva cantor wekwaya yeSt. Thomas muchechi yeLeipzig. Akabva azivisa vateveri kune mutsva wenziyo "Passion maererano naJohn". Nenguva isipi akava mutungamiriri wenziyo wemachechi akawanda emaguta. Panguva imwecheteyo akanyora mitsetse mishanu ye cantatas.
Munguva iyi yenguva, Bach akanyora nziyo dzekuita mumakereke eko. Muimbi wacho aida zvakawanda, saka akanyorawo nziyo dzezviitiko zvekushamwaridzana. Nenguva isipi akatora chinzvimbo chemukuru webhodhi remimhanzi. Mubatanidzwa wenyika unoisa konzati yemaawa maviri kakawanda pasvondo panzvimbo yaZimmerman. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo Bach akanyora akawanda emabasa ake ekunyika.
Kuderera kwemunyori mukuzivikanwa
Nenguva isipi mukurumbira wemuimbi ane mukurumbira wakatanga kudzikira. Paive nenguva yeclassicism, saka vepanguva iyoyo vaiti nziyo dzaBach kune dzechinyakare. Pasinei neizvi, vanyori vechidiki vakanga vachiri kufarira zvinyorwa zvemaestro, kunyange kutarisa kwaari.
Muna 1829, zvinyorwa zveBach zvakare zvakatanga kufarira. Muimbi Mendelssohn akaronga konzati pakati peBerlin, apo rwiyo rwemaestro akakurumbira "Passion maererano naMateo" rwakarira.
"Musical Joke" ndeimwe yenziyo dzinodiwa kwazvo dzemazuva ano echinyakare mimhanzi mafeni. Mumhanzi une mutinhimira uye wakapfava nhasi unorira nenzira dzakasiyana pazviridzwa zvemazuva ano.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Muna 1707, munyori akakurumbira akaroora Maria Barbara. Mhuri yakarera vana vanomwe, havasi vese vakararama kusvika vakura. Vana vatatu vakafa vachiri vacheche. Vana vaBach vakatevera tsoka dzababa vavo vakakurumbira. Makore 13 pashure peroorano inofadza, mudzimai womunyori akafa. Akafirwa.
Bach haana kugara muchimiro chemurume akafirwa kwenguva refu. Padare remuchinda, akasangana nemusikana anoyevedza, ainzi Anna Magdalena Wilke. Kwapera gore, muimbi wacho akakumbira mukadzi wacho kuti aroore. Mumuchato wechipiri, Sebastian aiva nevana gumi nevatatu.
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, mhuri yeBach yakava mufaro chaiwo. Ainakidzwa nokuva nomudzimai wake akanaka nevana. Sebastian akagadzira nziyo itsva dzemhuri uye akaronga manhamba emakonzati asina kujeka. Mudzimai wake aiimba zvakanaka, uye vanakomana vake vairidza zviridzwa zvakawanda.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori
- Panharaunda yeGermany, 11 zviyeuchidzo zvakavakwa mukurangarira muimbi.
- Mumhanzi wakanyanya kunaka kumuimbi. Aifarira kurara nemimhanzi.
- Haaigona kunzi munhu anonyunyuta uye akadzikama. Aigara akatsamwa, aigona kutosimudza ruoko rwake kune vari pasi pake.
- Muimbi haagoni kunzi gourmet. Somuenzaniso, aifarira kudya herring misoro.
- Bach aingoda kamwe chete kuti ateerere rwiyo kuti aitezve nenzeve.
- Aiva nenzwi rakakwana uye ndangariro yakanaka.
- Mudzimai wekutanga wemunyori aive muzukuru.
- Aiziva mitauro yakawanda yokumwe, inoti Chirungu neFrench.
- Muimbi akashanda mumhando dzose kunze kwe opera.
- Beethoven aifarira nziyo dzemunyori.
Rufu rwemunyori Johann Sebastian Bach
Mumakore achangopfuura, chiono chemukurumbira maestro chave chichidzikira. Akanga asingagoni kunyange kunyora manotsi, uye ikoku akaitirwa nehama yake.
Bach akatora mukana ndokurara patafura yekushandisa. Kuvhiya kuviri kwakaitwa nachiremba wemaziso omunharaunda kwakabudirira. Asi chiono chomunyori wacho hachina kunaka. Mushure mechinguva akabva awedzera. Bach akafa musi waChikunguru 18, 1750.
