Pyotr Tchaikovsky ipfuma chaiyo yenyika. Muimbi wekuRussia, mudzidzisi ane tarenda, kondakita uye mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi akaita mupiro wakakura mukusimudzira mimhanzi yechinyakare.
Uduku uye huduku hwaPyotr Tchaikovsky
Akazvarwa musi waMay 7, 1840. Akapedza huduku hwake mumusha muduku weVotkinsk. Baba namai Pyotr Ilyich havana chokuita okugadzira zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, musoro wemhuri akanga ari injiniya, uye amai vakarera vana.
Mhuri iyi yaigara zvakanaka chaizvo. Akamanikidzwa kuenda kuUrals, sezvo baba vake vakapiwa nzvimbo yemukuru wesimbi yesimbi. Mumusha, Ilya Tchaikovsky akapiwa nzvimbo nevaranda.
Peter akakurira mumhuri huru. Kwete vana chete vaigara mumba, asiwo hama dzakawanda dzemusoro wemhuri, Ilya Tchaikovsky. Vana vacho vakadzidziswa nomumwe mutongi weFrance, akadanwa nababa vaPeter kubva kuSt. Nenguva isipi akabva ava munhu akazara mumhuri.
Mimhanzi yaiwanzoridzwa muimba yeramangwana muimbi weRussia. Uye kunyange zvazvo vabereki vakanga vakabatana nenzira isina kunanga nokusika, baba vangu nounyanzvi vairidza nyere, uye amai vangu vakaimba nziyo dzorudo nokuridza piyano. Little Petya akatora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuPalchikova.
Pamusoro pemimhanzi, Peter aifarirawo kunyora nhetembo. Akamunyorera nhetembo dzemhando inosekesa nemutauro usiri wemuno. Gare gare, zvisikwa zvaTchaikovsky zvakawana chirevo chefilosofi.
Mukupera kwema1840 ezana remakore rapfuura, mhuri huru yakatamira kuguta guru reRussia - Moscow. Makore mashomanana gare gare, mhuri yacho yaigara munharaunda yeSt. Muguta guru retsika reRussia, hama dzakaendeswa kuchikoro chebhodhingi cheSchmeling.
MuSt. Petersburg, Pyotr Tchaikovsky akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi yekare uye opera. Panguva iyi, akabatwa negwirikwiti. Chirwere chakatamiswa chakapa matambudziko. Petro akabatwa nepfari.
Nokukurumidza mhuri yakadzokera kuUrals zvakare. Panguva ino akatumirwa kuguta reAlapaevsk. Iye zvino mutongi mutsva Anastasia Petrova akanga achiita dzidzo yaPetro.
Dzidzo yaPyotr Tchaikovsky
Pasinei nokuti Pyotr Ilyich aifarira mumhanzi kubva pauduku, akapinda opera uye ballet, vabereki vake havana kufunga nezvechisarudzo chokuti mwanakomana wake aizoita basa. Kuziva kuti mwanakomana aifanira kuendeswa kuchikoro chemimhanzi kwave gare gare. Vabereki vake vakamuendesa kuChikoro cheMutemo, icho chaiva muSt. Nokudaro, muna 1850, Peter akatamira kuguta guru retsika reRussia.
Peter akapinda chikoro kusvika pakupera kwema1850. Kwemakore mashoma ekutanga, Tchaikovsky aisakwanisa kuenderana nemafungiro akanaka. Aisuwa kumba kwake zvakanyanya.
Mukutanga kwema1850, Pyotr Ilyich akasiya zvidzidzo zvake. Ipapo imwe mhuri huru yakatamirazve kunogara muSt. Akabva aziva Russian Opera uye ballet.
1854 raive gore rakaoma kumhuri yeTchaikovsky. Chokwadi ndechekuti amai vacho vakafa necholera. Musoro wemhuri waive usina sarudzo kunze kwekutumira vanakomana vakuru kuzvikoro zvedzidzo zvakavharwa. Nemapatya Ilya Tchaikovsky akaenda kunogara nehanzvadzi yake.
Petro akaramba achiita zvemimhanzi. Akatora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuna Rudolf Kündinger. Baba vakatarisira Peter uye vakasarudza kumupinza basa mudzidzisi wokune imwe nyika. Pashure pokunge mukuru wemhuri apererwa nemari, Petro akanga asingakwanisi kubhadhara makirasi.
Nokukurumidza Ilya Tchaikovsky akapiwa kuva mukuru Institute of Technology. Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti baba vaPetro vakavimbiswa chiyero chakanaka, mhuri yakapiwa dzimba dzakakura.
Ipapo Pyotr Ilyich akawana basa nebasa. Akashandisa nguva yake yekusununguka kumimhanzi. Mukutanga kwema1860, akaenda kunze kwenyika kekutanga. Ikoko akanga ari mubhizimisi, asi ikoku hakuna kumudzivisa kurovedzana netsika dzomunzvimbomo noruvara. Sezvineiwo, Peter ainyatsoziva chiItalian nechiFrench.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Muhuduku hwake, Pyotr Ilyich haana kumbofunga nezvebasa remimhanzi. Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti akaona mimhanzi sechinhu chinovaraidza mweya. Musoro wemhuri, uyo akanga akanyatsotarisa mwanakomana wake, akaziva kuti Petro akanga ane imwe pfungwa yemimhanzi. Uye akamuraira kuti atore "chido chekuzvivaraidza" atova padanho rehunyanzvi.
Apo Peter akaziva kuti nzvimbo yokuchengetera mhuka yakanga ichivhurwa muSt. Petersburg, iyo yaizotarisirwa naAnton Rubinstein, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akachinja. Akasarudza kuti aida kuwana dzidzo yemimhanzi. Nenguva isipi akasiya mutemo uye akasarudza kuzvipira kumimhanzi kwehupenyu hwake hwose. Ipapo Pyotr Ilyich akanga asina mari, asi kunyange izvi hazvina kumumisa munzira yekurota kwake.
Paaidzidza pachikoro chekuchengetedza, Pyotr Ilyich akanyora cantata "To Joy", iro rakazova basa rake rekupedza kudzidza. Zvinoshamisa kuti zvisikwa zveTchaikovsky zvakaita kuti zvive zvisina kunaka kupfuura maonero akanaka kune vaimbi veSt. Somuenzaniso, Kesari Cui akanyora kuti:
“Semunyori wenziyo, Pyotr Ilyich haana simba zvakanyanya. Zviri nyore uye zvinochengetedza ... ".
Pyotr Ilyich haana kunyara nekutsoropodzwa. Akakwanisa kupedza kudzidza kuSt. Petersburg Conservatory nemenduru yesirivha. Kwaari, uku ndiko kwaiva kukudzwa kukuru. Pakati pe-1860s, munyori akatamira kuMoscow (pakusimbirira kwehama yake). Pasina nguva mhanza yakanyemwerera paari. Akatora professorship paConservatory.
Nhamba yepamusoro yebasa rekugadzira
Pyotr Ilyich akadzidzisa kwenguva yakareba paMoscow Conservatory. Akazvisimbisa semudzidzisi akanaka uye muperekedzi. Tchaikovsky akaisa simba rakawanda uye akashandisa nguva yakawanda kuronga nzira yakakodzera yekudzidzisa. Panguva iyoyo, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kuvadzidzi. Nhamba shoma yezvinyorwa zvesainzi yakazviita inonzwa. Pyotr Ilyich akatanga kushandura mabhuku edzimwe nyika. Mukuwedzera, akagadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvekudzidzisa.
Mukupera kwema1870, Tchaikovsky akasarudza kusiya nzvimbo yake sepurofesa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Aida kupa nguva yakawanda pakunyora. Nzvimbo yaPyotr Ilyich yakatorwa nemudzidzi wake waaida uye "ruoko rworudyi" Sergei Taneyev. Akava mudzidzi anodiwa zvikuru Tchaikovsky.
Hupenyu hwaTchaikovsky hwakapihwa nemubatsiri wake Nadezhda von Meck. Akanga ari chirikadzi yakapfuma zvikuru uye gore negore aibhadhara muimbi wacho rubatsiro rwe6 rubles.
Kuenda kwaTchaikovsky kuguta guru kwakabatsira chaizvo munyori wacho. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo basa rake rokusika rakabudirira. Akabva asangana nenhengo dzesangano revanyori "Mighty Handful", apo vanhu vane tarenda vakatsinhana zvavakasangana nazvo. Mukupera kwema1860s, akanyora fungidziro yakavakirwa pabasa raShakespeare.
Mukutanga kwema1870, imwe yenziyo dzakakurumbira dzakabuda kubva pachinyoreso chaPyotr Ilyich. Tiri kutaura nezvekusikwa kwe "Dutu". Munguva iyi yenguva akanga ari kunze kwenyika kwenguva refu. Kunze kwenyika, akawana ruzivo. Manzwiro iwayo aakasangana nawo kunze kwenyika akaumba hwaro hwenziyo dzakazotevera.
Muma1870, nziyo dzisingakanganwiki dzemaestro akakurumbira dzakabuda, semuenzaniso, "Swan Lake". Pashure paizvozvo, Tchaikovsky akatanga kufamba munyika. Pamusoro pezvo, aifadza vateveri vemimhanzi yechinyakare nenziyo nyowani uye dzinoda kwenguva refu.
Pyotr Ilyich akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake mutaundi duku reruwa rweKlin. Munguva iyi yenguva, akabvuma kuvhura chikoro chakakwana mukugara.
Munyori ane mukurumbira akafa musi waNovember 6, 1893. Pyotr Ilyich akafa nekorera.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori Pyotr Tchaikovsky
- Akaronga opera naAnton Chekhov.
- Munguva yake yekusununguka, Peter akashanda semutori wenhau.
- Pane imwe nguva akambotora rutivi mukudzima moto.
- Mune imwe resitorendi, munyori akaodha girazi remvura. Somugumisiro, zvakazoitika kuti akanga asina kubikwa. Zvakazoonekwa kuti akanga abatwa nekorera.
- Akanga asingadi vaya vakanga vasingadi nyika yake.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwaPyotr Tchaikovsky
Mune yakawanda yemifananidzo yakachengetedzwa, Pyotr Tchaikovsky anotorwa nekambani yevarume. Nyanzvi dzichiri kufungidzira nezve kutungamirwa kwemuimbi ane mukurumbira. Vanyori vehupenyu vanoratidza kuti munyori anogona kuva nemanzwiro kuna Joseph Kotek naVladimir Davydov.
Hazvizivikanwe kana Pyotr Ilyich aive ngochani. Muimbi anewo mapikicha ane bonde rakanaka. Vanyori venhoroondo dzehupenyu vane chokwadi chekuti ichi chingori chinovhiringidza chakashandiswa nemunyori kutsausa pfungwa kubva pamaitiro ake chaiwo.
Aida kuroora Artaud Desiree. Mukadzi wacho akaramba munyori, achida Marian Padilla y Ramos. Mukupera kwema1880, Antonina Milyukova akava mudzimai wepamutemo waPeter. Mukadzi akanga ari mudiki zvikuru pane murume. Muchato uyu wakatora mavhiki mashoma chete. Antonina naPetro havana kumbogara pamwe chete, kunyange zvazvo vasina kumbotumira pamutemo kurambana.
