Grover Washington Jr. muAmerican saxophonist aive nemukurumbira mu1967-1999. Maererano naRobert Palmer (wemagazini yeRolling Stone), mutambi wacho akakwanisa kuva "saxophonist anozivikanwa zvikuru anoshanda mumhando ye jazz fusion."
Kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vazhinji vakapomera Washington kuti ndeyekutengeserana, vateereri vakada zvinyorwa zvezvinyoro zvadzo uye zvehufundisi nekubata kwemudhorobha funk.
Grover agara akazvikomberedza nevaimbi vane tarenda, nekuda kwaakaburitsa akabudirira maalbum nenziyo. Kudyidzana Kusingakanganwiki: Isu Vaviri chete (pamwe naBill Withers), Rudzi Rutsvene rweRudo (naPhyllis Hyman), Zvakanakisisa Zvichiri Kuuya (naPatti LaBelle). Nziyo dzeSolo dzaizivikanwawo zvakanyanya: Winelight, Mister Magic, Inner City Blues, nezvimwe.
Hudiki nehudiki Grover Washington Jr.
Grover Washington akaberekwa December 12, 1943 muBuffalo, New York munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Munhu wose mumhuri yake akanga ari muimbi: amai vake vaiimba mukwaya yechechi; hama yaishanda mukwaya yechechi semuimbi weogani; baba vangu vairidza tenor saxophone nyanzvi. Kutora muenzaniso kubva kuvabereki vavo, mutambi uye munun'una wake vakatanga kuita mimhanzi. Grover akafunga kutevera tsoka dzababa vake ndokutora saxophone. Hama yacho yakafarira kuridza ngoma uye gare gare yakava nyanzvi yokuridza ngoma.
Mubhuku Jazz-Rock Fusion (Julian Coryell naLaura Friedman) pane mutsara apo saxophonist anorangarira nezvehudiki hwake:
“Ndakatanga kuridza zviridzwa ndiine makore anenge 10. Rudo rwangu rwekutanga pasina mubvunzo rwakanga rwuri mumhanzi wekirasi…
Washington yakapinda Wurlitzer Chikoro cheMumhanzi. Grover aifarira zviridzwa chaizvo. Nokudaro, akashandisa inenge nguva yake yose yekusununguka kwavari kuitira kuti adzidze kutamba zvishoma pachiyero chekutanga.
Saxophone yekutanga yakaratidzwa nababa vake apo mutambi wacho aiva nemakore gumi. Nechekare pazera re10, Washington yakatanga kuita zvakakomba mukuridza saxophone. Dzimwe nguva manheru aitiza pamba achienda kumakirabhu kunoona vaimbi veblues vane mukurumbira muBuffalo. Mukuwedzera, mukomana aifarira basketball. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti kureba kwake kwakanga kusina kukwana kumutambo uyu, akasarudza kubatanidza hupenyu hwake nemitambo yemimhanzi.
Pakutanga, Grover aiimba chete pamakonzati kuchikoro uye kwemakore maviri aive baritone saxophonist muochestra yechikoro cheguta. Nguva nenguva, aidzidza chords nemuimbi ane mukurumbira weBuffalo Elvis Shepard. Washington akapedza chikoro chesekondari aine makore gumi nematanhatu uye akafunga kutama kubva kumusha kwake kweColumbus, Ohio. Ikoko akabatana neFour Clefs, iyo yakatanga basa rake reunyanzvi hwekuimba.
Basa raGrover Washington Jr rakatanga sei?
Grover akashanyira States neVana Clefs, asi bhendi rakaparara muna 1963. Kwenguva yakati, mutambi akaridza muna Mark III Trio boka. Nekuda kwekuti Washington haana kudzidza chero kupi, muna 1965 akagamuchira masamanisi kuUS Army. Ikoko akaridza muokhestra yomukuru. Munguva yake yekuzorora, akaita muPhiladelphia, achishanda neakasiyana organ trios uye rock bands. Muchikwata chemauto, saxophonist akasangana nechigubhu Billy Cobham. Mushure mesevhisi, akamubatsira kuti ave chikamu chenzvimbo yemimhanzi muNew York.
Zvinhu zveWashington zvakavandudzika - akaita mumapoka akasiyana-siyana emimhanzi, kusanganisira Charles Erland, akarekodha nziyo dzakabatana nevatambi vane mukurumbira (Melvin Sparks, Johnny Hammond, nezvimwewo). Grover's debut album Inner City Blues yakaburitswa muna 1971 uye yakave yakarova ipapo. Marekodhi pakutanga aifanirwa kuve ndeaHank Crawford. Mugadziri ane pfungwa dzekutengeserana Creed Taylor akamuisira seti yepop-funk tunes. Zvisinei, muimbi wacho akasungwa, uye akanga asingakwanisi kudziimba. Ipapo Taylor akadana Grover kuti anyore uye akaburitsa rekodhi pasi pezita rake.
Washington akambobvuma kune vaibvunzurudza, "Kuputsa kwangu kukuru kwaiva rombo rakanaka." Nekudaro, akanakidzwa nekuzivikanwa kukuru nekuda kweiyo album Mister Magic. Mushure mekusunungurwa kwake, saxophonist akatanga kukokwa kune zviitiko zvakanakisisa munyika, akaridza nevaimbi vakuru vejazz. Muna 1980, mutambi akaburitsa rekodhi yake yechitendero, nekuda kwaakawana mibairo miviri yeGrammy. Uyezve, Grover akapiwa zita re "Best Instrumental Performer".
Munguva yehupenyu hwake, mutambi aigona kuburitsa 2-3 Albums mugore rimwe chete. Pakati pa1980 na1999 chete 10 zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa. Zvakanakisisa, maererano nevatsoropodzi, raiva basa raSoulful Strut (1996). Leo Stanley akanyora nezvake, "Unyanzvi hweWashington hwakacheka zvakare nehuchenjeri, huchiita Soulful Strut imwe rekodhi yakakodzera kune vese vanofarira jazz mweya." Mushure mekufa kwemuimbi muna 2000, shamwari dzake dzakaburitsa album Aria.
Chimiro chemimhanzi chaGrover Washington Jr.
Saxophonist yakakurumbira yakagadzira iyo inonzi "jazz-pop" ("jazz-rock-fusion") maitiro emimhanzi. Iyo ine jazz kuvandudzwa kune bouncy kana rock beat. Nguva zhinji Washington yakafurirwa nevaimbi vejazz vakadai saJohn Coltrane, Joe Henderson naOliver Nelson. Kunyange zvakadaro, mudzimai waGrover akakwanisa kumufarira mumhanzi wepop.
"Ndakamukurudzira kuti ateerere mamwe mimhanzi yepop," Christina akaudza magazini yeRolling Stone. "Chinangwa chake chaive chekuridza jazz, asi akatanga kuteerera kumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye pane imwe nguva akandiudza kuti aingoda kutamba zvaainzwa asingazvitadze." Washington akamira kuzviganhurira kune chero zvitendwa uye tsika, akatanga kuridza mimhanzi yemazuva ano, "pasina kunetseka nezvezvitaera uye zvikoro."
Vatsoropodzi vakanga vasina chokwadi nezvemimhanzi yeWashington. Vamwe vakarumbidza, vamwe vakafunga. Chichemo chikuru chakaitwa pamusoro pekutengeserana kwezvinyorwa. Muongororo yealbum rake Skylarkin (1979), Frank John Hadley akati "dai saxophonists vejazz vekutengesa vakakwira kunzvimbo dzehumambo, Grover Washington Jr. angadai ari tenzi wavo."
Upenyu hwemunyori
Paairidza pane imwe yemakonzati ake mhiri kwemakungwa, Grover akasangana nemukadzi wake wemangwana Christina. Panguva iyoyo, akanga achishanda somubatsiri womupepeti werimwe bhuku romunzvimbomo. Kristina anoyeuka noushamwari kutanga kwehukama hwavo: "Takasangana neMugovera, uye neChina takatanga kugara pamwe chete." Muna 1967 vakaroorana. Mushure mekusunungurwa kwaWashington kubva kubasa, vaviri vacho vakatamira kuPhiladelphia.
Vaiva nevana vaviri - mwanasikana Shana Washington uye mwanakomana Grover Washington III. Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvezviitwa zvevana. Kufanana nababa vake uye sekuru, Washington III akasarudza kuva muimbi.
Muna 1999, mutambi akaenda kune seti yeMugovera Early Show, kwaakaimba nziyo ina. Mushure mezvo, akaenda kuimba yegirini. Paakanga akamirira kuenderera mberi achitora firimu, akabva abatwa nechirwere chemoyo. Vashandi veStudio XNUMX vakabva vafonera ambulance, asi pavakasvika pachipatara, Washington yakanga yatofa. Vanachiremba vakarekodha muimbi uyu aive nehosha yemoyo.
