Giacomo Puccini anonzi brilliant opera maestro. Ndiye mumwe wevatatu vanonyanya kuita mimhanzi vanyori munyika. Vanotaura nezvake semunyori akajeka we "verismo" kutungamira.
Ubwana uye huduku
Akazvarwa musi waDecember 22, 1858 mutaundi duku reLucca. Akanga ane mugumo wakaoma. Paaiva nemakore 5, baba vake vakafa zvinosiririsa. Akamupa rudo rwemimhanzi. Baba vacho vaiva muimbi wenhaka. Mushure mekufa kwababa, matambudziko ose ekuriritira nekurera vana vasere akawira pamapfudzi amai.
Dzidzo yemimhanzi yemukomana yakaitwa nababamunini vake Fortunato Maggi. Akadzidzisa kuLyceum, uye aivewo mukuru wedare redzimhosva. Kubva pazera remakore gumi, Puccini akaimba mukwaya yechechi. Uyezve, airidza ogani nounyanzvi.
Puccini akatevera kurota kumwe kubva pauduku - aida kunzwa zvinyorwa zveGiuseppe Verdi. Zviroto zvake zvakazadzika pazera ramakore 18. Ipapo Giacomo, pamwe chete nevamwe vake, vakaenda kuPisa kunoteerera Verdi's opera Aida. Rwaiva rwendo rurefu, rwakareba makiromita makumi mana. Paakanzwa kusikwa kwakanaka kwaGiuseppe, haana kuzvidemba nhamburiko dzakashandiswa. Mushure maizvozvi, Puccini akaziva kuti ndeipi nzira yaaida kuwedzera mberi.
Muna 1880 akauya nhanho imwe pedyo nechiroto chake. Akabva ava mudzidzi paMilan Conservatory yakakurumbira. Akapedza 4 years ari kuchikoro. Panguva ino, hama yake, Nicolao Cheru, akanga ari mubishi rokugovera mhuri yaPuccini. Chaizvoizvo, akabhadhara dzidzo yaGiacomo.
Nzira yekugadzira uye mimhanzi yemunyori Giacomo Puccini
Pandima yeMilan, akanyora bhuku rake rokutanga. Tiri kutaura nezve opera "Willis". Akanyora basa racho kuitira kuti atore chikamu mumakwikwi emimhanzi emunharaunda. Haana kukwanisa kukunda, asi makwikwi akamupa chimwe chinhu. Akakwezva kutarisisa kwemutungamiriri weimba inotsikisa, Giulio Ricordi, uyo akaburitsa zvibodzwa zvevanyori. Anenge ese mabasa akabuda muchinyoreso chaPuccini akaburitswa paRicordi institution. "Willis" yakaitwa panzvimbo yemitambo. Opera yakagamuchirwa noushamwari nevoruzhinji.
Mushure mekutanga kwakanaka, vamiriri veimba yekutsikisa vakasangana naPuccini. Vakaraira opera itsva kubva kumunyori. Yakanga isiri nguva yakanakisa yekunyora mimhanzi. Giacomo akasangana nekushungurudzika kukuru mupfungwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti amai vake vakafa negomarara. Mukuwedzera, maestro aiva nemwana asiri wepamutemo. Uye kutukwa kwakawira pamusoro pake nokuti akabatanidza hupenyu hwake nemukadzi akaroorwa.
Muna 1889, imba yekudhinda yakabudisa mutambo Edgar. Mushure mekutanga kwakajeka kudaro, hapana basa rakaderera raitarisirwa kubva kuPuccini. Asi mutambo wacho hauna kufadza vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi kana veruzhinji. Drama racho rakagamuchirwa zvakadziya. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuseka uye banal plot. Opera yakaitwa kashoma chete. Puccini aida kuunza mutambo pakukwana, saka nekufamba kwemakore akati wandei akabvisa zvimwe zvikamu ndokunyora zvitsva.
Manon Lescaut aive maestro wechitatu opera. Yakafuridzirwa neinoveli naAntoine Francois Prévost. Muimbi akashanda pa opera kwemakore mana akareba. Chisikwa chitsva chakafadza vateereri zvekuti mushure mekuita vatambi vakamanikidzwa kukotama kanopfuura ka10. Mushure mekutanga kwe opera, Puccini akatanga kunzi muteveri weVerdi.
Scandal nemunyori Giacomo Puccini
Nenguva isipi, repertoire yaGiacomo yakazadzikiswa neimwe opera. Iyi ndiyo opera yechina maestro. Muimbi wacho akapa kuruzhinji basa rakanaka "La Boheme".
Iyi opera yakanyorwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Panguva imwe chete ne maestro, mumwe munyori, Puccini Leoncavallo, akanyora mimhanzi ye opera Scenes kubva kuHupenyu hweBohemia. Vaimbi vakanga vakabatana kwete chete nokuda opera, asiwo noushamwari hwakasimba.
Mushure mekutanga kwemaopera maviri, kunyomba kwakamuka mumapepanhau. Vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vakaitirana nharo pamusoro pekuti ndeupi basa raiita kuti vateereri vaone. Classical music fans vakasarudza Giacomo.
Munenge panguva imwe chete yenguva, vagari veEurope vakayemura mutambo wakaisvonaka "Tosca", munyori wacho aiva mudetembi Giuseppe Giacosa. Muimbi wacho akayemurawo magadzirirwo acho. Mushure mekutanga, aida kusangana pachake nemunyori wekugadzirwa, Victorien Sardou. Aida kunyora zvibodzwa zvemumhanzi wedhirama.
Basa rekuperekedza nziyo rakagara kwemakore akati wandei. Apo basa rakanyorwa, kutanga kwe opera Tosca kwakaitika paTeatro Costanzi. Chiitiko chacho chakaitika musi waJanuary 14, 1900. Iyo aria yeCavaradossi, iyo yakarira muchiitiko chechitatu, inogona kunzwika nhasi sekurira kwemafirimu neTV.
Kudzikira mukurumbira we maestro Giacomo Puccini
Muna 1904, Puccini akapa mutambo Madama Butterfly kuvanhu. Mutambo wekutanga wekuumbwa wakaitika muItaly panzvimbo yepakati "La Scala". Giacomo akaverengera pamutambo kuti asimbise simba rake. Zvisinei, basa racho rakagamuchirwa zvakanaka nevoruzhinji. Uye vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vakaona kuti chiitiko chakareba chemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe chakada kukwezva vateereri. Gare gare zvakazozivikanwa kuti vakwikwidzi vaPuccini vakaedza kumubvisa kubva munharaunda yemimhanzi. Saka vatsoropodzi vakapihwa chiokomuhomwe.
Munyori, uyo akanga asina kujaira kurasikirwa, akatanga kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwaakanga aita. Akafunga nezvemashoko evatsoropodzi vemimhanzi, saka kutanga kweshanduro yakagadziridzwa yeMadam Butterfly yakaitika muBrescia muna Chivabvu 28. Waive mutambo uyu uyo Giacomo akafunga basa rakakosha repertoire yake.
Iyi nguva yenguva yakaratidzwa nehuwandu hwezviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zvakakonzera basa rekugadzira re maestro. Muna 1903, akanga ari mutsaona huru yemotokari. Muchengeti wemba yake Doria Manfredi akazvidira akafa pakati pekumanikidzwa nemukadzi waPuccini. Mushure mekunge chiitiko ichi chabuda pachena, dare rakaraira Giacomo kubhadhara mari kumhuri yemushakabvu. Nenguva isipi shamwari yake yakatendeka Giulio Ricordi, uyo akapesvedzera kukudziridzwa kwebasa remaestro, akafa.
Zviitiko izvi zvakakonzera zvakanyanya mamiriro emanzwiro emuimbi, asi achiri kuedza kugadzira. Munguva iyi yenguva, akaratidza opera "Musikana kubva West". Mukuwedzera, akatanga kuchinja operetta "Swallow". Somugumisiro, Puccini akapa basa racho se opera.
Nenguva isipi maestro akapa opera "Triptych" kune vateveri vebasa rake. Iro basa raisanganisira mitambo mitatu-yega yega umo maive nematunhu akasiyana - zvinotyisa, njodzi uye farce.
Muna 1920, akaziva mutambo "Turandot" (Carlo Grossi). Muimbi wacho akaziva kuti akanga asati ambonzwa nziyo dzakadaro, saka aida kugadzira nziyo dzemutambo wacho. Haana kukwanisa kupedza basa pachidimbu chemimhanzi. Mukati meiyi nhambo yenguva, akaona kuchinja kukuru mundangariro. Akatanga kunyora mimhanzi, asi akabva akurumidza kusiya basa. Puccini akatadza kupedzisa chiitiko chekupedzisira.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu weMaestro Giacomo Puccini
Hupenyu hwega hwemaestro hwakanga huzere nezviitiko zvinonakidza. Mukutanga kwa1886, Puccini akadanana nemukadzi akaroora, Elvira Bonturi. Nenguva isipi vaviri ava vakava nemwanakomana, uyo akatumidzwa zita rababa vokubereka. Zvinofadza kuti musikana wacho akanga atova nevana vaviri kubva kumurume wake. Mushure mokuberekwa kwomwana, Elvira akatamira mumba nehanzvadzi yake Puccini. Akaenda nemwanasikana wake chete.
Mushure mehukama nemukadzi akaroorwa, Giacomo akarwiswa nemashoko ekutsamwa kubva kuvagari veguta. Kwete vagari chete, asiwo hama dzemuimbi dzaipesana naye. Pakafa murume waElvira, Puccini akakwanisa kudzorera mukadzi wacho.
Zvakanzi munyori, mushure memakore 18 emuchato wehurumende, akanga asingadi kuroora Elvira. Panguva iyoyo, akanga ava murudo nomuyemura wake muduku, Corinna. Elvira akatora matanho ekubvisa waaikwikwidzana naye. Panguva iyoyo, Giacomo akanga achangopora kubva mukukuvadzwa kwake, saka aisakwanisa kuramba mukadzi wacho. Elvira akakwanisa kubvisa runako rwechidiki uye kutora nzvimbo yemudzimai wepamutemo.
Vemazuva ano vakati Elvira naGiacomo vaive nemhando dzakasiyana kwazvo. Mukadzi wacho aitambura nokuora mwoyo nguva dzose uye kuchinja kwezvinyamusi, akanga akasimba uye asina chokwadi. Puccini, pane kudaro, aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwehunhu hwake hwekunyunyuta. Aiva nekamwe kakuseka. Aida kubatsira vanhu. Mumuchato uyu, munyori haana kuwana mufaro muupenyu hwake pachake.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori
- Puccini aisafarira mimhanzi chete. Aisagona kufungidzira upenyu hwake pasina mabhiza, kuvhima nembwa.
- Muna 1900, chiroto chake chaaida chakazadzika. Chokwadi ndechekuti akazvivakira imba munzvimbo inoyevedza yezororo rake rezhizha - Tuscan Torre del Lago, pamahombekombe eLake Massaciuccoli.
- Pashure pegore awana nzvimbo yacho, chimwe chakatengwa chakaonekwa mugaraji rake. Akakwanisa kutenga mota yeDe Dion Bouton.
- Aiva nezvikepe zvina zvine injini nemidhudhudhu yakati wandei.
- Puccini aive akanaka. Iyo kambani yakakurumbira "Borsalino" yakamuita hati dzakagadzirwa.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu nerufu rwe maestro
Muna 1923, maestro akaonekwa aine bundu pahuro yake. Vanachiremba vakaedza kuponesa upenyu hwaPuccini, kunyange kumuvhiya. Zvisinei, kuvhiyiwa kwakatowedzera mamiriro aGiacomo. Kuvhiya kusina kubudirira kwakakonzera myocardial infarction.
Kwapera gore mushure mekuongororwa kwake, akashanyira Brussels kuti agamuchire yakasarudzika anti-cancer therapy. Kuvhiya kwakatora maawa matatu, asi pakupedzisira, kupindira kwekuvhiya kwakauraya maestro. Akashaya musi wa3 Mbudzi.
Nguva pfupi asati afa, akanyora mune imwe yetsamba dzake kuti opera yakanga yava kufa, chizvarwa chitsva chaida ruzha rwakasiyana. Sekureva kwemunyori, chizvarwa hachichafariri mutinhimira uye lyricism yemabasa.
