Muimbi ane hunyanzvi uye kondakita Antonio Salieri akanyora anopfuura makumi mana emaopera uye nhamba yakakosha yemazwi uye ezviridzwa nziyo. Akanyora nziyo dzenziyo mumitauro mitatu.
Pomero dzokuti akabatanidzwa mukupondwa kwaMozart dzakava chituko chaicho kumukuru mukuru. Haana kubvuma mhosva yake uye akatenda kuti iyi yakanga isiri chinhu kunze kwekugadzirwa kwevanhu vake vane shanje. Ari mukiriniki yevarwere vepfungwa, Antonio akazviti imhondi. Zvese zvakaitika mudelirium, saka vazhinji vanonyora nezvehupenyu vanotenda kuti Salieri haana kubatanidzwa mukuponda.
Uduku uye huduku hwomunyori Antonio Salieri
Maestro akaberekwa musi waAugust 18, 1750 mumhuri huru yevatengesi vakapfuma. Achiri muduku, akaratidza kufarira nziyo. Murairidzi wekutanga waSalieri aive mukoma wake Francesco, uyo akatora zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kubva kuna Giuseppe Tartini. Somwana, aiziva violin uye ogani.
Muna 1763, Antonio akasiyiwa ari nherera. Mukomana wacho ainetseka mupfungwa zvikuru nekufa kwevabereki vake. Kuchengetwa kwemukomana kwakatorwa neshamwari dzepedyo dzababa vake - mhuri yeMocenigo kubva kuVenice. Mhuri yokurera yaigara zvakapfuma, saka vaigona kubvumira Antonio kurarama upenyu hwomutambarakede. Mhuri yeMocenigo yakabatsira pakudzidzisa kwaSalieri mumhanzi.
Muna 1766, munyori wedare waJoseph II Florian Leopold Gassmann akakwevera ngwariro kumuimbi wechidiki ane tarenda. Akashanyira Venice netsaona uye akasarudza kutora wechidiki ane tarenda naye kuVienna.
Akanga akabatanidzwa pachinzvimbo chomuimbi mukati memadziro eimba yeopera yapachivanze. Gassman haana kungopinda mudzidzo yemimhanzi yewadhi yake, asi akabatanidzwa mukukura kwake kwakakwana. Vaya vaifanira kujairana naSalieri vakacherechedza kuti aipa pfungwa yomunhu akachenjera zvikuru.
Gassman akaunza Antonio mudenderedzwa revakuru. Akamusuma kumudetembi ane mukurumbira Pietro Metastasio naGluck. Vazivikanwi vatsva vakadzamisa ruzivo rwaSalieri, nekuda kwekuti akasvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira mukuvaka basa remimhanzi.
Mushure mekufa kusingatarisirwi kwaGassmann, mudzidzi wake akatora nzvimbo yedare munyori uye mutungamiriri webhendi weItaly Opera. Kwangopera gore, akagadzwa mutungamiriri webhendi. Zvadaro nzvimbo iyi yaionekwa seyakakurumbira uye yakabhadharwa zvikuru pakati pevanhu vakasika. MuEurope, Salieri aitaurwa nezvake somumwe wevaimbi vane tarenda uye conductor.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Antonio Salieri
Nenguva isipi maestro akapa opera inoyevedza "Vakadzi Vakadzidziswa" kune vateveri vebasa rake. Yakatangwa muVienna muna 1770. Chisikwa chakagamuchirwa neushamwari neveruzhinji. Salieri akawira mukuzivikanwa. Kugamuchirwa kweushamwari kwakakurudzira munyori kuti anyore maopera: Armida, Venetian Fair, The Stolen Tub, The Innkeeper.
Armida ndiyo yekutanga opera umo Antonio akabudirira mukuziva pfungwa huru dzeChristoph Gluck's operatic reform. Akaona Salieri semutsivi wake uye aive netariro huru kwaari.
Nenguva isipi maestro akagamuchira rairo yekugadzira mimhanzi inoperekedza pakuvhurwa kweLa Scala theatre. Muimbi wacho akateerera chikumbiro chacho, uye pasina nguva akazopa opera inonzi Recognized Europe. Gore rakatevera, rakanyatso kutumirwa neVenetian theatre, munyori wenziyo akapa rimwe remabhuku akanakisa. Tiri kutaura nezve opera buffa "Chikoro chegodo".
Muna 1776, zvakazozivikanwa kuti Joseph akanga avhara Italian Opera. Uye akatsigira chiGerman opera (Singspiel). Opera yekuItaly yakatangazve mushure memakore matanhatu.
Kuna Salieri, makore aya aitambudzwa. Maestro aifanira kusiya "comfort zone". Asi pane mukana mune izvi - basa rekugadzira remunyori rakaenda kure neVienna. Akaita basa guru mukusimudzira rudzi rwakadai se singspiel. Munguva iyi yenguva, Antonio akanyora chidimbu chakakurumbira chemimhanzi "The Chimney Sweep".
The Singspiel rudzi rwemimhanzi uye runoshamisa rwakanga rwakapararira muGermany neAustria muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechiXNUMX uye pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Munguva iyi yenguva, nzanga yetsika yaifarira nziyo dzaGluck. Akatenda kuti Salieri aiva mugari wenhaka akakodzera. Gluck akakurudzira Antonio kune manejimendi eLa Scala opera imba. Makore mashomanana gare gare, akapa Salieri murairo kubva kuFrench Royal Academy yeMumhanzi ye opera Danaides. Gluck pakutanga aifanirwa kunyora opera, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutano aisakwanisa kuzviita. Muna 1784, Antonio akapa basa racho kuvanhu veFrance, achiva aidiwa naMarie Antoinette.
style yemimhanzi
MaDanaids haasi ekutevedzera Gluck. Salieri akakwanisa kugadzira mimhanzi yake, iyo yakavakirwa pakusiyana. Panguva iyoyo, iyo classical symphony ine nziyo dzakafanana yakanga isingazivikanwe kunzanga.
Mune opera yakaratidzwa uye mumabasa anotevera aAntonio Salieri, vatsoropodzi vemifananidzo vakacherechedza kufunga kwakajeka kwesymphonic. Yakagadzira yose kwete kubva kune zvidimbu zvakawanda, asi kubva mukugadzirwa kwechisikigo kwezvinhu.
Muna 1786, muguta guru reFrance, maestro akatanga kutaurirana naBeaumarchais. Akagovana naSalieri ruzivo rwake rwekunyora uye hunyanzvi. Mhedzisiro yehushamwari uhwu yaive imwe opera yakanakisa naSalieri. Tiri kutaura nezvebasa rakakurumbira remimhanzi "Tarar". Kuratidzwa kwe opera kwakaitika paRoyal Academy yeMumhanzi muna 1787. Show yakakonzera nyonganyonga. Antonio akanga ari pamusoro pemukurumbira.
Muna 1788, Emperor Joseph akatumira Kapellmeister Giuseppe Bonno kuzororo rakakodzera. Antonio Salieri akatora chinzvimbo chake. Joseph aifarira basa remunyori, saka kugadzwa kwake pachinzvimbo kwaitarisirwa.
Joseph paakafa, Leopold II akatora nzvimbo yake, akachengeta boka racho kureba. Leopold akanga asingavimbi nemunhu uye akatenda kuti akanga akakomberedzwa nevanhu dummy. Izvi zvakakanganisa basa raSalieri. Vaimbi vaisabvumirwa pedyo namambo mutsva. Nenguva isipi Leopold akadzinga mutungamiriri weCourt Theatre, Count Rosenberg-Orsini. Salieri aitarisira kuti aizovawo zvakafanana. Mambo akasunungura Antonio chete kubva kumabasa ebhendi weiyo opera yeItaly.
Mushure mekufa kwaLeopold, chigaro chakatorwa nemugari wenhaka yake - Franz. Aitombofarira zvemimhanzi. Asi zvakadaro aida mabasa aAntonio. Salieri akaita semurongi wemhemberero uye mazororo ematare.
Makore Ekupedzisira eMaestro Antonio Salieri
Antonio muhuduku hwake akazvipira pakugadzira. Muna 1804, akapa rwiyo rwemimhanzi The Negroes, iyo yakagamuchira ongororo dzisina kunaka kubva kuvatsoropodzi. Rudzi rwe singspiel rwaitonhorerawo kune veruzhinji. Zvino akanga ava kutobatanidzwa zvikuru mumibato yenzanga neyedzidzo.
Kubva 1777 kusvika 1819 Salieri ndiye aive kondakita zvachose. Uye kubvira 1788 akava mukuru weVienna Musical Society. Chinangwa chikuru chesosaiti ndechekuita makonzati erudo kuchirikadzi nenherera dzevaimbi veViennese. Makonzati aya akazadzwa nemutsa netsitsi. Vaimbi vane mukurumbira vakafadza vateereri nekuridza nziyo itsva. Mukuwedzera, mabasa asingafi evakatangira Salieri aiwanzonzwika pamitambo yerudo.
Antonio akatora chikamu mune izvo zvinonzi "academies". Kutamba kwakadaro kwakatsaurirwa kune mumwe muimbi chaiye. Antonio akatora chikamu mu "academies" somurongi uye conductor.
Kubva 1813, maestro aive nhengo yekomiti yesangano reVienna Conservatory. Makore mana gare gare, akatungamirira sangano raimiririrwa.
Makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwomunyori akazadzwa nezviitiko nokunetseka mupfungwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti akapomerwa mhosva yekuuraya Mozart. Akaramba mhosva yake uye akati akanga asina kubatana nerufu rwemunyori ane mukurumbira. Salieri akakumbira mudzidzi wake Ignaz Moscheles kuti aratidze kunyika yose kuti akanga asina mhosva.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aAntonio akawedzera kuipa pashure pokunge aedza kuzviuraya. Vakaenda naye kukiriniki. Zvakanzi mune imwe nzvimbo yezvokurapa akareurura noushamwari kuponda kwaMozart. Runyerekupe urwu harisi ngano, rwakatorwa mumabhuku ekunyora aBeethoven a1823-1824.
Nhasi, nyanzvi dzinopokana nekuzivikanwa kwaSalieri uye kuvimbika kweruzivo. Mukuwedzera, imwe vhezheni yakaiswa pamberi yekuti chimiro chepfungwa chaAntonio chaive chisiri chakanakisa. Sezvingabvira, kwaisava kureurura, asi kuzvipa mhosva pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu okuderera kweutano hwepfungwa.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwega hwemaestro
Hupenyu hwega hwemaestro hwakabudirira. Akasunga pfundo naTheresia von Helferstorfer. Vakaroorana vakaroorana muna 1775. Mukadzi wacho akabereka vana 8.
Mudzimai waSalieri akazova kwete mukadzi anodiwa chete, asiwo shamwari yepamwoyo uye museum. Akanamata Thearesia. Antonio akanga asiya vana vake vana nomudzimai wake. Kurasikirwa nemunhu pachake kwakakanganisa mararamiro ake.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezvaAntonio Salieri
- Aifarira masiwiti uye zvigadzirwa zvehupfu. Antonio akachengeta kusaziva kwake kwemwana kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake. Pamwe ndosaka pasina aibvuma kuti aigona kuuraya.
- Nekuda kwekushanda nesimba uye maitiro ezuva nezuva, maestro aibudirira.
- Vakataura kuti Salieri aive kure negodo. Akabatsira vechidiki uye vane tarenda kuvandudza ruzivo rwavo uye kuwana zvinzvimbo zvakanaka.
- Akapedza nguva yakawanda kune rudo.
- Mushure mokunge Pushkin anyora basa "Mozart naSalieri", nyika yakatanga kupomera Antonio nezvekuponda nekunyanya kuvimba.
Kufa kwemunyori
Maestro akakurumbira akafa musi waMay 7, 1825. Mariro akaitwa musi waChivabvu 10 paMatzleindorf Catholic Cemetery muVienna. Muna 1874, zvakasara zvemunyori zvakavigwa paVienna Central Cemetery.
