Giuseppe Verdi ipfuma chaiyo yeItari. Iyo yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa kwemaestro yaive muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Kutenda kumabasa eVerdi, vatevedzeri vemimhanzi yekirasi vanogona kunakidzwa nemabasa akanaka ekuvhiya.
Mabasa emunyori airatidza nguva yacho. Iyo maestro's operas yakave iyo yepamusoro kwete yeItaly chete, asiwo mimhanzi yenyika. Nhasi, Giuseppe's brilliant operas inorongwa pamatanho etheater akanakisa.
Ubwana uye huduku
Akazvarwa mumusha mudiki weLe Roncole, kusiri kure nedhorobha reBusseto. Panguva yekuzvarwa kwaVerdi, nharaunda iyi yaive chikamu cheHumambo hweFrance.
Maestro akaberekwa muna Gumiguru 10, 1813. Verdi akarererwa mumhuri yakajairika. Mukuru wemhuri aive nekataveni kadiki, uye amai vake vaive nechinzvimbo chemuspinner.
Aifarira mimhanzi kubva achiri mudiki. Mukomana wacho airatidza kufarira zvikuru zviridzwa. Mhuri payaikwanisa kutengera mwanakomana wavo chiridzwa, vaimupa musana.
Nenguva isipi mukomana akatanga kudzidza musical notation. Verdi akadzidza ari ega, sezvo vabereki vake vaisakwanisa kuhaya mudzidzisi wemimhanzi. Akabva ashanda kuchechi yeko. Ikoko akadzidza kuridza ogani. Mumhanzi waVerdi wakadzidziswa nemupristi weko.
Akawana chinzvimbo chake chekutanga pazera re11. Mumwe murume wechidiki ane tarenda akawana basa rekuimba oganisiti. Rombo rakabva ranyemwerera paari. Akaonekwa nemumwe mushambadzi akapfuma. Murume wacho akafadzwa nemano omukomana wacho pakuimba uye akati aizomubhadharira mari yokudzidza. Verdi akatamira kumba kwemubatsiri wake. Mutengesi, sezvaakavimbisa, akamubhadhara mudzidzisi akanakisisa muguta. Uye ipapo akatumira kudzidza muMilan.
Pakusvika kuMilan, zvinhu zveVerdi zvakawedzera. Iye zvino akatanga kudzidza kwete mimhanzi chete, asiwo mabhuku echinyakare. Aida kuverenga mabhuku asingafi aGoethe, Dante naShakespeare.
Nzira yekugadzira uye mimhanzi yemunyori Giuseppe Verdi
Haana kukwanisa kupinda muMilan Conservatory. Haana kunyoreswa muchikoro chedzidzo, nekuti nhanho yekuridza piyano yake yaive isina kukwira zvakakwana. Uye zera remukomana harina kuzadzisa zviyero zvakagadzirirwa kunyoresa muchikoro chedzidzo.
Mujaya haana kuda kurasisa hope dzake. Munguva iyi yenguva, akatora zvidzidzo zvepachivande kubva kune mudzidzisi akamudzidzisa zvekutanga zvekupikisa. Giuseppe akashanyira dzimba dzeOpera munguva yake yekusununguka, uye akakurukura nevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana. Ipapo Verdi yakava chikamu chetsika beau monde yeMilan. Aida kugadzira mimhanzi yeimba yemitambo.
Giuseppe paakadzokera kunyika yake yenhoroondo, Barezzi akaronga mutambo wekutanga weruzhinji kumutsiva wake. Antonio akaunganidza vanhu vanoverengeka vakakurumbira. Kuitwa kwemaestro kwakafadza vateereri.
Antonio akabva amukumbira kuti adzidzise mimhanzi kumwanasikana wake Margherita. Hazvina kungogumira nedzidziso yemimhanzi notation. Tsitsi dzakamuka pakati pemuimbi nemusikana wechidiki, iyo yakakura ikava rudo rwemhepo.
Muimbi haana kukanganwa kuzadza repertoire nemabasa matsva. Nyanzvi yakanyora nziyo pfupi chete. Ipapo akapa kuruzhinji basa rinokosha rokutanga. Tiri kutaura nezve opera Oberto, Comte di San Bonifacio. Mutambo uyu wakaitirwa paMilan's La Scala Theatre. Kutanga kwe opera kwaishamisa. Nenguva isipi maestro akagamuchira mukana wekunyora mamwe mabasa akati wandei. Chaizvoizvo, ipapo akapa mamwe maviri Operas - "Mambo kweawa" uye "Nabucco".
Opera "Mambo Kweawa" yakatanga kurongwa. Verdi aitarisira kugamuchirwa noushamwari. Zvisinei, vateereri vakanga vasina chokwadi nezvebasa racho. Mutungamiriri weimba yemitambo akaramba kuita basa rechipiri, Nabucco. Makore maviri chete gare gare, vatungamiri vemitambo yemitambo vakabvuma kuisa basa racho pachikuva. Iyo Nabucco opera yakagamuchirwa noushamwari kwete chete neruzhinji, asiwo neane chiremera vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi.
Iyo yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa kwemunyori Giuseppe Verdi
Kugamuchirwa kweushamwari kwakadaro kwakakurudzira maestro. Haana kusangana nenguva isiri nyore yehupenyu hwake. Verdi akarasikirwa nemudzimai wake nevana, akatofunga nezvekusiya basa rake rekusika. Mushure mekuratidzwa kweOpera Nabucco, akakwanisa kuwanazve chimiro chemunyori ane tarenda uye muimbi. Zvakaoma kutenda, asi opera yakaitwa mutheater kanopfuura ka60.
Vanyori vehupenyu hweVerdi vanoti nguva ino ndeyekukura kwemimhanzi ye maestro. Mushure mebasa raakazozivikanwa naro, munyori akagadzira mamwe akawanda akabudirira opera. Tiri kutaura nezve "Lombards mune crusade" uye "Ernani". Nenguva isipi veruzhinji vakakwanisa kuona kugadzirwa kwekutanga munhandare yeFrance. Ichokwadi, maestro aifanira kugadzirisa zvimwe kuti aite. Opera yakatumidzwa zita rekuti "Jerusarema".
Kana tikataura pamusoro pebasa rinonyanya kuzivikanwa remaestro, saka munhu haagoni kukundikana kutaura nezvebasa "Rigoletto". Opera yacho yaibva pamutambo waHugo The King Amuses pachake. Verdi akafunga kuumbwa kwakaunzwa seimwe yemitambo yakanakisa murepertoire yake. Vateveri vanotaura chiRussian vebasa raVerdi vanoziva opera "Rigoletto" nekuumbwa "Mwoyo werunako unowanzoita kupandukira."
Makore mashomanana gare gare, munyori akapa opera "La Traviata" kuvanhu. Basa racho rakagamuchirwa noushamwari zvikuru nevatsigiri nevatsoropodzi vemimhanzi.
Mamwe mabasa
Muna 1871 chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chakaitika. Chokwadi ndechekuti Verdi akagamuchira kupihwa kubva kuhurumende yeEjipitori kuti anyore opera yenzvimbo yemitambo. Kutanga kwe "Aida" kwakaitika muna 1871.
Muimbi akanyora anopfuura makumi maviri emimhanzi. Mabasa ake akagadzirirwa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvevanhu. Ipapo imba yeopera yakashanyirwa nevose vane mukurumbira nevanhuwo zvavo. Verdi ainzi "people's" maestro nechikonzero. Akanyora mimhanzi yakadaro yaiva pedyo nevagari vose vomuItaly. Wese munhu akaita rombo rakanaka rekuteerera opera yaVerdi akasangana nemanzwiro ake. Vamwe vakanzwa mumabasa emunyori kudanwa kuita chiito.
Verdi muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika akarwira kodzero yekunzi akanakisa muimbi weOpera nemukwikwidzi wake Richard Wagner. Basa revanyori ava harigoni kuvhiringika. Vakagadzira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvachose muzwi uye zviri mukati, kunyange zvazvo vaishanda mumhando imwe chete. Verdi naRichard vakanga vanzwa zvakawanda nezvemumwe nomumwe, asi havana kumbozivana.
Vafudzi vanoda kuziva biography yemunyori zviri nani vanogona kuona zvinyorwa uye zviratidzo zveTV zvichienderana nezviitiko chaizvo. Imwe firimu yakakurumbira pamusoro pemaestro yaiva "The Life of Giuseppe Verdi" (Renato Castellani). Iwo akateedzana akatorwa muna 1982 yezana ramakore rapfuura.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwega hweGiuseppe Verdi
Verdi akaita rombo rakanaka kuona manzwiro akanaka kwazvo munyika. Mudzimai wake wokutanga aiva mudzidzi Margherita Barezzi. Anenge achangobva muchato, musikana akabereka mwanasikana maestro. Kwapera gore nehafu, musikana wacho akafa. Anenge achangofa, Margarita akabereka mwanakomana Verdi. Asi akafawo achiri mucheche. Kwapera gore, mukadzi wacho akafa ne encephalitis.
Munyori wacho akasara ari oga. Akarasikirwa zvikuru mupfungwa. Verdi akamira kunyora mimhanzi kwechinguva. Akarenda kaimba kadiki kakanga kasingaverengeki kwaaigara ari ega.
Pazera remakore 35, maestro akaroorazve. Muimbi weopera anozivikanwa Giuseppina Strepponi akagara mumoyo weVerdi. Kwemakore anenge 10, vaviri vacho vaigara mumuchato wehurumende. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akakonzera kushorwa kwakawanda kubva munzanga. Muna 1859, vakasarudza kunyoresa ukama hwavo. Mushure mokupenda, vakatamira kunogara muimba yeMaestro, iyo yakanga iri kure neguta.
Zvinonakidza kuti maestro pachake akagadzira dhizaini yeimba yake. Iyo villa ndeyeumbozha. Bindu remukurumbira, iro rakanga rakasimwa nemiti nemaruva ekunze, raifanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Muimbi aifarira kuita zvekurima. Pasaiti, akazorora uye akawana kunakidzwa kwekunakidzwa nekubatana nemasikirwo.
Mudzimai wechipiri weVerdi akava shamwari yake yechokwadi uye museum. Muimbi weopera paakarasa inzwi rake, mukadzi wacho akasarudza kuzvipira kutarisira murume wake nomusha. Munyori, achitevera mudzimai wake, akasarudzawo kusiya basa rake. Panguva iyoyo akakwanisa kuwana pfuma yakanaka. Uye mari yake yaikwana upenyu hwomutambarakede.
Mudzimai haana kutsigira chisarudzo chomurume wake. Akasimbirira kuti asarega mimhanzi. Chaizvoizvo, ipapo akanyora opera "Rigoletto". Giuseppina akaramba aine munyori kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezve maestro Giuseppe Verdi
- Verdi aibata chitendero zvakanaka. Muimbi wacho haana kumboshora chitendero nechechi pachena, asi panguva imwe cheteyo akanga asingadaviri kuti Mwari ariko.
- Muhupenyu hwake hwose, maestro akaverenga zvakawanda. Aizviona sebasa rake kukudziridza, sezvo mamiriyoni evanhu pasi pose aiona basa rake. Giuseppe akazviona semujekesi.
- Aiva nechinzvimbo chezvematongerwo enyika. Muchirongwa chenhamba yakakosha yezvinyorwa zveVerdi pakanga paine ratidziro dzakajeka kune zviitiko zvemusoro munharaunda.
- Akatora mimhanzi kubva kune chero ruzha. Iri rakanga riri tarenda rake chairo.
- Muimbi wacho akararama zvakapfuma, saka akavhura chipatara mumusha weVillanova uye imba yevaimbi vakwegura.
Rufu rwemunyori Giuseppe Verdi
Muna 1901 munyori akashanyira Milan. Verdi akagara mune imwe yehotera dzeko. Hwava husiku akarohwa nesitiroko. Haana kusiya zvinhu zvekusika. Musi waJanuary 27, 1901, munyori akakurumbira akafa.
