Opera uye muimbi wekamuri Fyodor Chaliapin akave akakurumbira semuridzi wezwi rakadzika. Basa rengano rinozivikanwa kure kupfuura miganhu yenyika yake.
Uduku
Fedor Ivanovich anobva kuKazan. Vabereki vake vaishanyira varimi. Amai havana kushanda uye vakazvipira zvachose pakusumwa kweimba, uye mukuru wemhuri akabata chinzvimbo chemunyori mukutonga kweZemstvo.
Ane ndangariro dzinofadza zvikuru dzeuduku hwake. Vabereki vane hanya vakakomberedza mwanakomana wavo kwete nehanya chete. Kunyanya, vabereki havana kukanganisa kukura kwekugona kwekugadzira kwevana vavo.
Muhuduku, Fedor akawana unyanzvi hunoshamisa. Chinhu chikuru cheChaliapin chidiki chaive chic treble. Nemhaka yemano ake ekutaura, akanyoreswa mukwaya yechechi. Mukati memadziro echechi yomunzvimbomo, akatanga kufunda nziyo dzenziyo. Musoro wemhuri akanga asingadaviri kuti kuimba kwaigona kupfumisa mwanakomana wake, naizvozvo akamupa rovedzo somugadziri weshangu. Asi, tinocherechedza kuti haana kukanganisa kuumbwa kwaFedor semuimbi.
Chaliapin akapedza makore akati wandei achidzidza kuchikoro, uye akapedza nekukudza. Ipapo Fedor akatumirwa kushanda somubatsiri mabharani. Aizonyora gare gare kuti aya akanga ari makore anofinha zvikurusa eupenyu hwake. Inzwi rake rakaputika, uye Chaliapin akanga asisakwanisi kuimba. Basa racho harina kupa Fedor zvachose mufaro. Akanga ava kuda kupererwa.
Zvichida, kana zvisiri zveimwe nyaya inofadza, Fedor angadai akapedza hupenyu hwake hwose mubasa rinofinha. Pane imwe nguva akashanyira Kazan Opera House. Chaliapin akashamiswa nezvaakanzwa pachikuva. Anosarudza kuchinja zvachose hupenyu hwake.
Vechidiki vemuimbi Fyodor Chaliapin
Paakasvitsa makore 16, anofunga kuti yave nguva yekuita. Panguva iyoyo, inzwi rake rakanga rarega "kuputsa", uye akauya kuzoongororwa paimba ye opera. Pasinei netarenda rake riri pachena, Chaliapin akatumirwa kumba. Nokukurumidza akagamuchirwa muSerebryakov Theater.
Nguva shoma ichapfuura uye jaya richapiwa basa rekuita basa rinotungamirira muOpera Eugene Onegin. Kubudirira kwekutanga kwakakosha kunokurudzira Fedor uye mushure mezvo anoenda kune imwe inovimbisa, mumaonero ake, boka.
Kwenguva yakareba anokwanisa kuchengetedza mamiriro emunhu ane tarenda akazvidzidzisa. Kutadza kudiki kunomutsa Fedor kuita chiito. Inovandudza mazwi. Nenguva isipi anopinda munhandare yekudzungaira kubva kuLittle Russia, iyo yaitungamirirwa nenyanzvi G. I. Derkach. Neboka remutungamiri, Chaliapin akaenda rwendo rurefu. Kushanya kwacho kwakapera nekuti akasarudza kugara muTbilisi.
MuGeorgia, tarenda raFedor zvakare harina kucherechedzwa. Akaonekwa nemudzidzisi Dmitry Usatov. Iyo yekupedzisira yaizivikanwa semumwe weakanyanya tarenda tenor weBolshoi Theatre. Dmitry akaona kugona kukuru muFedor. Anoritora pasi pedziviriro yake. Pamwe chete nezvidzidzo zvezwi izvo Usatov anoronga kwaari, muimbi wechidiki anoshanda mune imwe yemitambo muguta guru reGeorgia.
Fyodor Chaliapin: Nzira yekusika
Pakupera kwezana remakore, anopinda mubasa reImperial Theatre yeSt. Imperial Theatre yakazadzwa nekuoma uye kurongeka. Izvi zvakatanga kuneta Chaliapin. Kamwe kuita kwaFedor kwakacherechedzwa neiyo philanthropist Savva Mamontov. Akaita mubairo unobhadhara kumuimbi wechidiki. Savva akakwevera tarenda mudiki kuimba yake yemitambo.
Mamontov akabva angoona kuti pamberi pake paive negudo chairo. Savva akaona kugona kukuru kwekugadzira muFedor. Akapa Chaliapin rusununguko rwakakwana rwekuita muchikwata chake. Zuva nezuva, muimbi akaburitsa data yezwi. Hapana akamuganhurira kana kumugadziridza kune imwe gadziriro.
Muchikwata, akakwanisa kuvhara nzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzebass dzeRussia operas. Kuita kwake basa raMephistopheles muCharles Gounod's Faust kunoramba kuri mucherechedzo. Munguva pfupi, Fedor Ivanovich akakwanisa kuva international nyeredzi.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore idzva, anoonekwa zvakare mukati memadziro eMariinsky Theatre. Iye zvino mikova yenzvimbo dzakanakisa dzetsika dzenyika yakavhurika kune muimbi weopera. PaMariinsky Theatre akanyoreswa seanoimba ari oga.
Neimba yemitambo yeSt. Petersburg anoshanyira nyika dzeEurope. Pane imwe nguva akaita rombo rakanaka kuita pachikuva paMetropolitan Opera muNew York. Nechitarisiko chake, Fedor akafadzawo vateveri veMoscow. Aiwanzoita pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre.
Yakapihwa zita rePeople's Artist yeRSFSR
Kubva 1905, iye akawedzera akatanga kuita solo muimbi. Chaliapin akaita zverudo nenziyo dzevanhu. Vateereri vakanyanya kuyeuka kuratidzwa kwenziyo "Dubinushka" uye "Along the Piterskaya". Munguva iyi yenguva, anopa mari yakawanikwa kuvashandi vanoda rubatsiro.
Matambiro emuimbi uyu akanga akafanana nerunyararo rwezvematongerwo enyika. Zviito zvakadaro zvakawana mhinduro yakanaka kubva kuhurumende iripo. Fedor aive muchimiro chakanaka nehurumende iripo. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, iye achiri kutadza kuchengeta chimiro che "mugari akanaka" munyika yake yekuzvarwa.
Pashure chimurenga, kuchinja zvakanaka akatanga muupenyu Fedor Ivanovich. Akagadzwa kuve mukuru weMariinsky Theatre. Mukuwedzera, akapiwa zita rePeople's Artist yeRSFSR.
Mune chimiro chitsva, haana kugara kwenguva refu. Mushure merwendo rwekutanga kune imwe nyika, akasarudza kusadzokera kunyika yake. Chaliapin akaenda nemhuri huru. Fedor Ivanovich haasisiri kuita pachikuva chenyika yake. Makore mashomanana gare gare, zvakasarudzwa kubvisa muimbi wezita rePeople's Artist.
Sezvineiwo, iyo yekugadzira biography yemuimbi ane mukurumbira haisi mimhanzi chete. Aive munhu aienderana zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinozivikanwa kuti aifarira kupenda uye kuvezwa. Akaita rombo rakanaka kuita nyeredzi mumafirimu akati wandei.
Fyodor Chaliapin: Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwake
Fedor Ivanovich akanga ari murume ane rudo. Akasangana nomudzimai wake wokutanga pauduku hwake, apo akashanda munhandare yemutambo wake Savva Mamontov. Chaliapin akakundwa nerunako ballerina Iola Tornaga.
Mune musikana, muimbi wacho akakundwa nehasha dzakasindimara uye mavambo eItaly. Kupfuura zvose, akanga asingadi kuti mumwe munhu amutore. Akamugadzirira muchato, uye Tornaga akapindura murume wacho.
Munguva yehupenyu hwemhuri, ballerina akabereka vana vatanhatu kubva kuFedor. Mhuri yakawanda haina kuchengetedza Chaliapin kubva kune shanduko muhupenyu. Aifarira kuzviisa pangozi, kunze kweizvi, aizivikanwa nemhepo.
Kazhinji aifanira kugara muSt. Petersburg, kure nemhuri yake. Chinhambwe chakaita chiseko chehutsinye nevaviri ava. Nenguva isipi akanga ava nemukadzi mutsva. Akasangana naMaria Petzold muchivande. Havana kuzivisa nezvehukama, sezvo vese vakaroorana zviri pamutemo. Nokukurumidza vakatanga kugara pamwe chete, uye akabereka vana kubva Chaliapin.
Akaramba achirarama hupenyu huviri kusvika atamira kuEurope. Paakaenda kunoshanya, akaenda nemhuri yake yechipiri. Imwe nguva gare gare, vana vewanano yake yokutanga vakagara naye.
Kumba akasiya mwanasikana mukuru neaimbova mudzimai wake. Pasinei nokuti Fedor akaita kusatendeseka kumudzimai wake wokutanga, haana kuchengeta chigumbu kumurume wake. Mumakore makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rapfuura, Iola akatamira kuRoma, asi asati aenda, mukadzi wacho akatendeukira kuGurukota reMutambo nechikumbiro chekugadzira museum mumba mavo mukukudza murume wake wekare.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemuimbi
- Semwana, akadzingwa chikoro nekuda kwekutsvoda musikana.
- Akatsvaga nzvimbo yemukadzi wake wekutanga kwenguva yakareba. Akakanda mapfumo pasi mushure mekunge aimba pakudzokorora kwe opera "Eugene Onegin": "Onegin, ndinopika nebakatwa, ndinopenga murudo naTornagi!" Mushure meizvi ndipo apo mudzimai wekutanga akasarudza kutsiva kufambidzana kwake.
- Runyerekupe rune kuti haana kufa nekenza, asi kubva ku "maoko" evakuru veSoviet.
- Akabatsira kushanyira vanhu vokuRussia vakasarudza Paris kweupenyu hwose.
- Mukutanga kwema30, akabudisa bhuku rinonzi Mask and Soul. Mariri, muimbi wacho akataura nehasha maererano nehurumende yeSoviet.
Rufu rwemuimbi Fyodor Chaliapin
Pakati pe-30s, akaenda parwendo rwake rwekupedzisira kuFar East. Akaita zvinopfuura makonti makumi mashanu. Apo muimbi wacho akadzokera kuFrance, ainzwa asinganzwe zvakanaka.
Haana kuverengera kuenda kwachiremba. Pakupera kwema30, akapiwa chirwere chisingafadzi - "kenza yeropa". Vanachiremba vanoti Chaliapin haasati asara negore rimwe chete kuti ararame.
Muimbi akafa muna 1938 muimba yake, yaiva Paris. Madota ake akavigwa muFrance, uye pakati pe-80s yezana remakore rapfuura, mwanakomana akaomerera pakuviga madota ababa vake pamakuva eNovodevichy muguta guru reRussia.
