Kana tikataura nezverudo mumimhanzi, saka munhu haangakundikani kutaura zita raFranz Schubert. Peru maestro ane mazana matanhatu emazwi enziyo. Nhasi, zita remunyori rinobatanidzwa nenziyo "Ave Maria" ("Ellen's Third Song").
Schubert haana kushuvira hupenyu hwoumbozha. Aigona kubvumira kurarama pamwero wakasiyana chose chose, asi achironda nharidzano dzomudzimu. Akabva ararama semupemhi.
Pane imwe nguva maestro akarembedza bhachi rake pabalcony nehomwe mukati. Nokudaro, aida kuzivisa vakweretesi kuti pakanga pasina chimwezve chokumutorera. Akararama hupenyu hupfupi asi hune zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Kuzivikanwa kwake kwakave kwakakura chete mushure mekufa kwemaestro. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, tarenda renyanzvi raizivikanwa chete munharaunda yake yeAustria.
Ubwana uye huduku
Anobva kuguta duku, iro riri pedyo nemavara Vienna (Austria). Franz akarererwa mumhuri yevarombo. Pamusoro pemukomana ane chipo, vaviri ava vakarera vamwe vana 6. Pakutanga, mhuri yeSchubert yaiva nevana 15, asi 9 vavo vakafa vachiri vacheche.
Mumhanzi waiwanzoridzwa mumhuri. Mhuri yacho yairarama zvine mwero zvikuru, uye kuridza mimhanzi chete ndiko kwaibatsira kubvisa matambudziko. Baba nemwanakomana wavo mukuru vairidza zviridzwa zvakawanda.
Mukomana akatanga kudzidza musical notation kubva paudiki. Mukuru wemhuri akaona tarenda mumwanakomana wake, saka akamuendesa kuchikoro chekereke. Ikoko akagona kuridza ogani uye akakudza hunyanzvi hwake hwekutaura kusvika padanho rehunyanzvi.
Nenguva isipi mukomana wacho akanyoreswa sekwaya muimba yechitendero, yaiva muVienna. Kwapera nguva yakati, akagamuchirwa musungwa (chikoro chebhodhingi). Apa akaita vaaizivana navo avo "vakafema" mimhanzi. Pasinei nekukura kukuru, Schubert akawana mamwe matambudziko nekudzidza kweLatin uye chaiyo sainzi.
Mukati menguva imwe cheteyo yenguva, Franz akagamuchirwa mukwaya youmambo. Mufaro wevabereki hauna muganhu. Vaitarisira kuvandudzika mumamiriro avo emari. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, akanyora debut yake yakagadzirwa. Mukuru wemhuri paakanzwa nezvaAntonio Salieri achirumbidza mwanakomana wake, akazogutsikana kuti akanga ari nyanzvi.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Franz Schubert
Kuyaruka kwakabvisa chinhu chikuru kubva kuna Schubert - izwi rinotyisa. Chaizvoizvo, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, akamanikidzwa kusiya Konvikt. Musoro wemhuri akatanga kusimbirira kuti mwanakomana wake atevere mumakwara ake uye agone basa remudzidzisi. Franz akanga asina ushingi hwokudzivisa kuda kwababa vake. Jaya racho rakaenda kunoshanda pane chimwe chikoro chomunzvimbomo.
Basa harina kupa maestro mafaro. Aifarira mimhanzi, saka kudzidzisa kuchikoro kwaifananidzwa nebasa rakaoma. Pakati pezvidzidzo, Franz akatora kabhuku ndokuramba achinyora nziyo. Schubert akafara nebasa raBeethoven naGluck.
Nenguva isipi akaunza yekutanga opera ine musoro kune vateveri vemimhanzi yechinyakare. Tiri kutaura nezve nziyo "Satan's Pleasure Castle" uye "Misa muF Major".
Schubert akataura mundangariro dzake kuti mimhanzi haina kumusiya kweminiti. Maestro aitorota nezve nziyo dzacho. Akaita maune kumuka kubva kuhope kuti anyore zvakanyorwa mubhuku.
Pakupera kwevhiki, vaenzi vakaungana pamba paSchubert. Vakauya vaine chinangwa chimwe chete - kuteerera kuimba kwakanaka kwemudiki maestro. Manheru asina kurongeka aFranz akanga asina kuipa kupfuura makonzati enyanzvi padzimba dzeopera.
Muna 1816, Franz akaedza kuwana basa semutungamiri muimba yekunamatira. Pasinei neruzivo rwake rwakajeka mumunda wemimhanzi, zvirongwa zveSchubert hazvina kuitirwa kuti zviitike.
Munguva iyi yenguva akasangana Johann Fogal. Kutenda nerutsigiro rwevekupedzisira, mamirioni evagari veAustria vane hanya vakadzidza nezvetarenda raSchubert. Fogal akaita nziyo dzerudo achiperekedzwa naSchubert.
Vazhinji vakati mutambo waSchubert waive kure nekunaka. Hunyanzvi hwake hwaisagona kuenzaniswa naBeethoven. Akanga asingawanzofadza vateereri nemutambo une unyanzvi, saka Fogal akanga achiri kuombera maoko.
Muna 1817 akava munyori wemimhanzi ye "Trout". Uye zvakare, maestro akagadzira mimhanzi inoperekedza kune Goethe's brilliant ballad "The Forest King". Nokufamba kwenguva, chiremera chaFranz chakatanga kusimba.
Kuzivikanwa kwemunyori Franz Schubert
Nekuda kwemukurumbira, Franz akasarudza kusiya chigaro chemudzidzisi. Akazivisa chisarudzo chake kuna baba vake, avo vakaita hasha zvikuru. Musoro wemhuri wakanyima mwanakomana wake ruyamuro. Uye akamanikidzwa kutsvaka nzvimbo mudzimba dzeshamwari dzake.
Fortune haana kunyemwerera achiona maestro. Semuenzaniso, opera yaAlfonso e Estrella yakagamuchira ongororo dzakaipa kubva kuvatsoropodzi vemimhanzi. "Kukundikana" kwaisanganisira kuderera kukuru mukutsigirwa kwezvinhu. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, akabata chirwere chakaparadza utano hwake. Munyori akasiya guta raakaberekerwa uye akatamira Zheliz. Akagara panzvimbo yaCount Johann Esterhazy. Franz akadzidzisa zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi kuvana vekuverenga.
Maestro akapa rwiyo kutenderera "The Beautiful Miller's Woman" (1823). Muzvinyorwa, Franz akakwanisa kuudza veruzhinji nezvemumwe murume wechidiki akaenda kunotsvaga mufaro wake. Asi mufaro wemukomana uyu waive mukutsvaga rudo. Mukomana uyu akadanana nemwanasikana weMiller, asi musikana wacho haana kukwanisa kudzorera, achida mukwikwidzi.
Pafungu rekuzivikanwa nekuzivikanwa, maestro akatanga kushanda pa opera The Winter Road. Mushure mekuratidzwa kwebasa racho, vazhinji vakacherekedza kusava netariro, uko kwakaganhurana nekupenga. Sezvineiwo, maestro akanyora opera yakaratidzwa nguva pfupi asati afa.
Schubert's biography haisi pasina nguva dzinosuruvarisa. Kazhinji aifanira kugara mudenga remba uye mumakamuri manyoro. Pasinei nehurombo huripo, maestro haana kukumbira rubatsiro rwemari kubva kune shamwari. Uyezve, haana kushandisa chinzvimbo chake mudenderedzwa revakuru.
Apo maestro akanga ava pedyo nekuora mwoyo, rombo rakamunyemwerera zvakare. Ichokwadi ndechokuti munyori wacho akasarudzwa kuva nhengo yeVienna Society of Friends of Music. Akaita kekutanga nekonzati yemunyori wekutanga. Pazuva iri ndipo paakafarira mukurumbira, mukurumbira uye kuzivikanwa nenyika. Vateereri vakapururudza shasha yakamira.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Franz akanga ari murume ane mutsa, asi panguva imwe cheteyo akanga achidziviswa nokunyara kwake. Vakawanda vakashandisa chivimbo chake. Hurombo hwaSchubert hwakasiya typos pahupenyu hwake hwega. Vasikana vaida zvikomba zvakapfuma.
Mwoyo wemaestro akakurumbira akakundwa nemusikana anonzi Teresa Gorb. Vechidiki vakasangana vari mukwaya yechechi. Musikana akanga asina runako nerunako. Muimbi akadanana naye nekuda kwemutsa.
Mukuwedzera, Schubert akacherechedza kuti aifadzwa nekuzviisa pasi kwaTeresa. Mukadzi aigona kupedza maawa akawanda achiona muimbi achiridza piyano. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiso chake chakazadzwa nemufaro uye kuonga kune maestro akakurumbira.
Teresa haana kuroora Schubert. Pakange paine sarudzo pakati pemunyori nemushonga akapfuma, amai vacho vakasimbirira kuti mwanasikana wavo asarudze "chikwama" uye kwete rudo.
Mushure mebhuku iri, Schubert akange asina hupenyu hwemunhu. Muna 1822, akabatwa nechirwere chevenereal chisingarapiki. Nekuda kwerudo, maestro akaenda kudzimba dzepfambi.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori
- Kwehupenyu hupfupi, koniti imwe chete yemukurumbira maestro yakaitika. Pashure pekonzati, nemari yacho, akazvitengera piyano.
- Imwe yezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvemaestro yaive "Serenade".
- Schubert aive shamwari naye Beethoven.
- Iyo maestro's Symphony No. 6 yakasekwa paLondon Philharmonic uye yakaramba kuiridza. Nhasi, kuumbwa kunosanganisirwa murunyoro rwezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kufarirwa zvemunyori.
- Aida basa raGoethe uye aida kusvika pakumuziva zviri nani. Asi zvirongwa zvake zvakanga zvisina kurongerwa kuti zviitike.
Rufu rwaMaestro Franz Schubert
Muchirimo cha1828, munyori akatanga kurwara nefivha. Ichi chirwere chakakonzerwa nefivha yetyphoid. November 19, maestro akafa. Aingova nemakore 32 chete.
