Ludwig van Beethoven aive nenziyo dzinopfuura mazana matanhatu dzinoyevedza. Muimbi wechitendero, uyo akatanga kusanzwa pashure pemakore 600 ezera, haana kurega kuumba nziyo kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu hwake. Hupenyu hwaBeethoven ihondo yekusingaperi nematambudziko. Uye zvinyorwa zvekunyora chete zvakamubvumira kunakidzwa nenguva dzinotapira.
Uduku uye huduku hwomunyori Ludwig van Beethoven
Muimbi ane mukurumbira akaberekwa muna Zvita 1770 mune imwe yenzvimbo dzine urombo muBonn. Mwana akabhabhatidzwa musi wa17 Zvita. Mukomana akagara nhaka yezwi rechic uye kunzwa kunoshamisa kubva kumukuru wemhuri uye sekuru.
Kukura kwaBeethoven kwaisanyanya kufara. Baba vakadhakwa vakasimudza ruoko kumwanakomana wavo nguva nenguva. Yakanga isina kufanana nepfungwa yechinyakare ye "mhuri inofara."
Baba vacho, avo vanenge nguva dzose vaipedza zuva ravo vaine girazi rechinwiwa chinodhakisa mumaoko avo, vakabudisa uipi hwavo pamudzimai wavo. Beethoven aida amai vake zvechokwadi, nekuti vakaita kuti anzwe achidiwa uye achidiwa. Akaimba nziyo dzenziyo kumukomana, uye akabatwa nehope akambundira zvinyoronyoro.
Pazera duku, vabereki vakacherekedza fariro yomwanakomana wavo munziyo. Baba vangu vaida kuunza makwikwi akakodzera kuna Mozart, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari chidhori chisina mubvunzo chemamiriyoni. Upenyu hwomukomana zvino hwazadzwa nenguva dzinodziya. Akadzidza violin uye piano.
Vadzidzisi pavakaona kuti Beethoven Jr. aiva nechipo, vakaudza mukuru wemhuri nezvazvo. Baba, avo vakaendesa mutoro kumwanakomana wavo, vakamanikidza mukomana wacho kuridza zviridzwa zvishanu. Beethoven muduku akapedza maawa akawanda mukirasi. Kusazvibata kupi nokupi kwaiitwa nemwanakomana kwaipiwa chirango chechisimba.
Vabereki vaNyanduri
Baba vomukomana vaida kuti akurumidze kugona nziyo. Akanga ane chinangwa chimwe chete - kuti Beethoven atambe nemari. Nenzira, kubva pakuti mukomana akatanga kupa makonzati, mhuri haina kuvandudza mamiriro avo emari. Chekutanga, mari yacho yakanga isingakoshi, uye chechipiri, mari yaiwanikwa nemurume uyu yakashandiswa pakunwa nababa vake.
Amai, vaifarira mwanakomana wavo, vakatsigira mabasa ake okusika. Akanamata Beethoven uye akaita zvese kuti akure. Nenguva isipi mukomana akatanga kurondedzera nziyo dzake. Mumusoro make makaita nziyo dzakanaka, dzaakanyora mukabhuku. Louis akange akanyura munyika yekugadzira mabasa zvekuti pakazvarwa nziyo mumusoro make, Beethoven aisakwanisa kufunga nezvechimwe chinhu kunze kwerwiyo.
Muna 1782, Christian Gottlob akava mukuru wedare redzimhosva. Akatora mudiki Beethoven pasi pebapiro rake. Kuna Christian, mukomana uyu airatidza kuti ane chipo.
Haana kungodzidza mimhanzi naye chete, asi akamuzivisa kunyika inoshamisa yemabhuku uye uzivi. Ludwig aifarira nziyo dzeShakespeare naGoethe, akateerera zvinyorwa zveHandel naBach. Ipapo Beethoven aiva nechimwe chido chaidiwa - kuziva Mozart.
Nhanho itsva muhupenyu hwemuimbi Ludwig van Beethoven
Muna 1787, munyori akakurumbira akashanyira Vienna kekutanga. Ikoko shasha yakasangana nomunyori akakurumbira Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Hope dzake dzakazoitika. Mozart paakanzwa nziyo dzetarenda rechidiki, akataura zvinotevera:
"Tarisa Ludwig. Nenguva isipi nyika yose ichataura mairi.
Beethoven akarota kutora zvidzidzo zvishoma kubva pachifananidzo chake. Mozart akabvuma nenyasha. Apo makirasi akatanga, munyori aifanira kudzokera kunyika yake. Chokwadi ndechekuti Beethoven akagamuchira nhau dzinosiririsa kubva kumba kwake. Mai vake vakafa.
Beethoven akauya kuBonn kuzoona amai vake parwendo rwavo rwekupedzisira. Rufu rwemudiwa mukuru panyika rwakamuvhundutsa zvekuti ainge asisagone kusika. Akanga ava pedyo nekutya. Louis akamanikidzwa kuzvidhonza. Beethoven akamanikidzwa kutarisira vakoma nevanun'una vake. Akadzivirira mhuri kubva pakunyomba kwababa vake vaiva chidhakwa.
Vavakidzani nemhuri dzinozivana vakaseka chinzvimbo chaBeethoven. Aifanira kusiya mimhanzi kuti ariritire mhuri yake. Akamboti aizowana mari yakawanda kubva munziyo dzake.
Nenguva isipi, Louis aive nevatengi vepachivande, nekuda kwaakaonekwa mumasaroni. Mhuri yeBreuning yakatora tarenda Beethoven "pasi pemapapiro avo". Muimbi akadzidzisa zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kumwanasikana wemhuri. Sezvineiwo, maestro aive shamwari nemudzidzi wake kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake.
Nzira yekugadzira yaLudwig van Beethoven
Nenguva isipi maestro akazviisa muchetura muVienna. Ikoko akakurumidza kuwana shamwari-vatsigiri. Akatendeukira kuna Joseph Haydn nokuda kwebetsero. Kwaari ndiko kwaakaunza zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga kuti zvionekwe. Nenzira, Josef haana kufara neshamwari yake itsva. Akavenga Beethoven anoramba uye akaita zvose kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti akakurumidza kunyangarika kubva muupenyu hwake.
Ipapo Louis akatora zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi kubva kuSchenck naAlbrechtsberger. Akagadzirisa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira naAntonio Salieri. Akasuma tarenda diki kune vaimbi vane hunyanzvi uye vaimbi, izvo zvaifananidzira kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yaBeethoven munharaunda.
Kwapera gore, akanyora mimhanzi inoperekedza kune symphony "Ode to Joy", yakanyorwa naSchiller yeMasonic Lodge. Louis akanga asina kugutsikana nebasa, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa pamusoro pevateereri vanofarira. Akaedza kuchinja kuumbwa, uye muna 1824 akagutsikana nekuchinja kwakaitwa.
Musoro mutsva uye kuongororwa kusingafadzi
Pasina kuzviziva, Beethoven akagamuchira zita re "The Most Popular Musician and Composer of Vienna." Muna 1795 akaita debut yake mu salon. Muimbi wacho akafadza vateereri nekutamba kunofadza kwenziyo dzake. Vateereri vakacherechedza kutamba kwehasha uye kudzika kwemweya kwemuimbi. Makore matatu gare gare, vanachiremba vakaongorora maestro ane chirwere chinoodza mwoyo cheTinnitus. Chirwere chacho chakaramba chichiwedzera zuva nezuva.
Tinnitus iri kurira kana ruzha munzeve pasina yekunze acoustic stimulus.
Kwemakore anopfuura 10, Louis akakwanisa kuvanza kubva kune shamwari uye neruzhinji kuti airwara netinnitus. Akabudirira. Apo kukundikana kwakaitika mukuridza zviridzwa kwomunyori, vateereri vakafunga kuti ikoku kwakanga kuri nemhaka yokusangwarira. Nokukurumidza akanyora rwiyo rwaakatsaurira kuhama. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvinyorwa "Heiligenstadt testament". Mubasa racho, aiudza hama dzake zvakaitika muupenyu hwake mune ramangwana. Akavakumbira kuti vabudise zvakarekodhwa pashure porufu rwake.
Muzvinyorwa zvake kuna Wegeler, akanyora kuti: "Handizoregi uye ini ndichatora kuguma nehuro!" Pasinei nechirwere chacho, chakamudzivisa chinhu chinonyanya kukosha - kukwanisa kunzwa zvakajairika, akanyora nziyo dzinofadza uye dzinoratidza. Louis akaisa zviitiko zvake zvose muSymphony Nha. Maestro akaziva kuti akatanga kutadza kunzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Akatora chinyoreso ndokutanga kushingaira kuzadza repertoire nenziyo dzakanaka. Ndiyo nguva ino iyo vanyori vehupenyu vanofunga kuti inonyanya kubereka.
Zuva rekufara kwaLudwig van Beethoven
Muna 1808, munyori akaumba rwiyo "Pastoral Symphony", iyo yaisanganisira zvikamu zvishanu. Iri basa ratora nzvimbo yakakosha mukugadzira biography yaLouis. Akapedza nguva yakati wandei ari munzvimbo dzinoyevedza, achinakidzwa nekunaka kunoshamisa kwenzvimbo dzekugara. Hazvishamisi kuti chimwe chezvikamu zve symphony chainzi "Kutinhira. Dutu". Munyori, nokunzwa kwomuzvarirwo, akataura zvinoitika mukati mengwavaira yomusikirwo.
Kwapera gore, hutungamiri hwenzvimbo yemitambo yakakoka munyori kuti anyore kufambidzana kwemimhanzi kumutambo we "Egmont" naGoethe. Zvinoshamisa kuti Louis akaramba kushandira mari. Akanyora mimhanzi yemahara, mukukudza kwekuremekedza munyori.
Kubva 1813 kusvika 1815 Beethoven aishingaira chaizvo. Akanyora nhamba inokosha yenziyo, nokuti akaziva kuti akanga ari kurasikirwa nekunzwa kwake. Zuva nezuva hunhu hwemaestro hwakawedzera. Mumhanzi wacho haana kumbonzwa. Kuti awane nzira yokubuda nayo, akashandisa danda, rakanga rakaita sepombi. Maestro akapinza rumwe rutivi panzeve yake, akauisa rumwe rutivi rwechiridzwa.
Mabhuku iwayo akanyorwa naBeethoven munguva iyi yakaoma akazadzwa nemarwadzo nerevo youzivi. Dzaisiririsa, asi panguva imwe chete dzichiita zvenyama uye dzenziyo.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Ludwig van Beethoven akakundikana kuvaka hukama. Vamiririri vevakadzi vasina simba vakateerera kwaari. Sezvineiwo, aive munhuwo zvake, saka aive asina kodzero yekupfimba vakadzi kubva muboka revakuru.
Julie Guicciardi ndiye musikana wekutanga kubaya mwoyo wemunyori. Rwaiva rudo rusingafadzi. Musikana uyu akasangana nevarume vaviri panguva imwe chete. Asi akapa mwoyo wake kuna Count von Gallenberg, waakaroorana naye nokukurumidza. Beethoven ainetsekana zvikuru nekurambana nemusikana. Akataura zviitiko zvake mu sonata "Moonlight Sonata". Sezvineiwo, nhasi irwiyo rworudo rusingakoshi.
Nenguva isipi akadanana naJosephine Brunswick. Akapindura zvinyorwa zvake nechido uye akakurudzira Louis kuti aizova munhu waakasarudza. Hukama hwakapera husati hwatanga. Ichokwadi ndechokuti vabereki vemusikana wacho vakamurayira zvakasimba kuti arambe kutaura nemunhuwo zvake Beethoven. Vaisada kumuona padivi pemwanasikana wavo.
Akabva akumbira kuroorana naTeresa Malfatti. Musikana haana kukwanisa kudzorera maestro. Pashure paizvozvo, akaora mwoyo Louis akanyora brilliant kuumbwa "For Elise".
Akaita rombo rakaipa parudo. Kubva kune chero hukama, kunyangwe iyo yakanyanya platonic, munyori akakuvadzwa. Maestro akasarudza kusave muhukama hwerudo. Akapika kuti aizopedza upenyu hwake hwose ari oga.
Muna 1815, mukoma akafa. Louis akamanikidzwa kuchengeta mwanakomana wehama. Amai vemwana, avo vakanga vasina mukurumbira wakanaka, vakasaina magwaro avakanga vachipa mwanakomana wavo kumuimbi. Ludwig akava muchengeti waKarl (muzukuru waBeethoven). Maestro akaita zvese kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti hama yake yakagara nhaka tarenda.
Beethoven akarera Karl mukuomarara. Kubvira achiri muduku, akaedza kumudzivisa kubva patsika dzakaipa dzaaigona kugara nhaka kubva kuna amai vake. Louis akadzidza mimhanzi nemuzukuru wake uye haana kumubvumira zvakanyanya. Kuomarara kwababamukuru kwakabva kwasundidzira mukomana kuti aite zvekuzvidira kufa. Kuedza kuzviuraya hakuna kubudirira. Carl akatumirwa kuhondo. Muzukuru uyu akagara nhaka yemukurumbira wakakurumbira.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro paLudwig van Beethoven
- Zuva chairo rekuzvarwa kwemaestro harizivikanwe. Asi zvinogamuchirwa kuti akaberekwa musi waDecember 16, 1770.
- Aive munhu akaoma nehunhu hwakaoma. Louis aive nemafungiro akakwirira pamusoro pake. Pane imwe nguva akati: "Hapana basa ringave rakadzidzwa kwandiri ...".
- Aizopa imwe yenziyo dzake kuna Napoleon. Asi akachinja pfungwa dzake paakapandukira pfungwa dzechimurenga ndokuzviti mambo.
- Beethoven akatsaurira imwe yenziyo dzake kumbwa yakafa, achiidaidza kuti "An Elegy on the Death of a Poodle".
- Iyo maestro yakashanda pa "Symphony No. 9" kwemakore 9.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaLudwig van Beethoven
Muna 1826 akabatwa nechando. Gare gare, hosha yacho yakapfuurira ndokuchinja kuva mabayo. Zvadaro mamwe marwadzo mudumbu redumbu akawedzerwa. Chiremba aibata maestro akaverengera chipimo chemushonga. Zvose zvakakonzera kuti chirwere chacho chiwedzere.
Akafa musi waMarch 26, 1827. Panguva yekufa kwake, Louis aingova nemakore 57 chete. Shamwari dzake dzakati parufu rwake painzwika ruzha rwemvura, mheni nemabhanan’ana panze nepahwindo.
Kuongororwa kwechitunha kwakaratidza kuti chiropa chemunyori wacho chakanga chaora, uye tsinga dzokunzwa nedzepedyo dzakanga dzakuvadzwawo. Mariro aya akapindwa nevagari zviuru makumi maviri. Mudungwe wemariro wakatungamirirwa naFranz Schubert. Mutumbi wemuimbi uyu wakavigwa mumakuva eWaring, padyo neChurch of the Holy Trinity.
