Mupiro wakaitwa naChristoph Willibald von Gluck mukusimudzira mimhanzi yekirasi yakaoma kukoshesa. Pane imwe nguva, maestro akakwanisa kushandura pfungwa yemimhanzi ye opera pasi. Vemazuva ano vakamuona semusiki wechokwadi uye mugadziri.
Akagadzira maitiro matsva zvachose. Akakwanisa kuenda mberi kwekuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hweEurope kwemakore akati wandei ari mberi. Kune vakawanda, akanga ari chiremera chisina mubvunzo uye chidhori. Akapesvedzera basa raBerlioz naWagner.
Hudiki hwaMaestro
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwenyanzvi ndiyo yechipiri yaChikumi 1714. Akaberekerwa mumusha wepurovhinzi weErasbach, waiva munharaunda iri pedyo neguta reBerching.
Vabereki vake vakanga vasina hukama nekusika. Mukuru wemhuri haana kuwana kudana kwake kwenguva yakareba. Akashanda muchiuto, akazviedza pachake somuchengeti wemasango uye akatoedza kushanda somucheki. Nemhaka yokuti baba vakanga vasingakwanisi kuwana basa rechigarire, mhuri yakamanikidzwa kuchinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara kakawanda. Gluck munguva pfupi akatamira kuCzech Bohemia nevabereki vake.
Vabereki, pasinei nekubatikana uye varombo, vakaedza kupa nguva yakawanda kumwana. Vakaona nekufamba kwenguva kuti mwanakomana wavo aikwezvwa nemimhanzi. Zvikurukuru, mukuru wemhuri akaororwa nokureruka uko mwanakomana wake shasha achiridza zviridzwa.
Baba vacho vaipesana zvakanyanya naChristophe kugadzira mimhanzi. Panguva iyoyo, akawana basa rechigarire somutarisiri wemiti, uye nenzira yomuzvarirwo aida kuti mwanakomana wake apfuuridzire basa rake. Paaiva achiri kuyaruka, Gluck aigara achibatsira baba vake kubasa, uye nokukurumidza mukomana akapinda muJesuit College muguta reCzech reChomutov.
Makore ehuduku
Aive murume akangwara chaizvo. Zvakanga zviri nyore kwaari kuti agone chaizvo uye hunhu hwevanhu. Gluck akateererawo mitauro yakawanda yokumwe.
Mukuwedzera pakugona zvidzidzo zvinokosha, akadzidza zvemimhanzi. Sekunge baba vake vaisazvida, asi mumhanzi, Gluck aive nyanzvi chaiyo. Atova kukoreji, akadzidza kuridza zviridzwa zvishanu.
Akapedza makore mashanu ari kukoreji. Vabereki vaitarisira kuti mwana wavo adzoke kumusha, asi akazova munhu akaoma musoro. Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chedzidzo, akasarudza kuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake, asi atova muchikoro chepamusoro chedzidzo.
Muna 1732 akava mudzidzi paPrague University yakakurumbira. Mukomana wacho akasarudza Faculty of Philosophy. Vabereki havana kutsigira mwanakomana wavo muchirongwa ichi. Vakamunyima tsigiro yemari. Mukomana wacho akanga asina chimwe chaaigona kuita kunze kwokungozviwanira zvaaida.
Kunze kwemakonzati, aakaramba achiita, akanziwo muimbi mukwaya yechechi yeSt. Ikoko akasangana naChernogorsky, uyo akamudzidzisa nheyo dzekunyora.
Munguva iyi yenguva, Gluck anoedza ruoko rwake pakunyora mabasa emimhanzi. Kuedza kwekutanga kunyora nziyo hakugone kunzi kwakabudirira. Asi, Christophe akasarudza kusadzokera pachinangwa chake. Zvinotora nguva yakati rebei, uye vachataura naye nenzira yakasiyana zvachose.
Kutanga kwebasa rekugadzira remunyori
Akangogara muPrague kwemakore mashoma. Ipapo Christoph akaenda kunoyananisa nemusoro wemhuri, uye akaiswa kuna Prince Philip von Lobkowitz. Panguva iyoyo chete, baba vaGluck vakanga vari mubasa remuchinda.
Lobkowitz akakwanisa kuonga tarenda rechidiki tarenda. Imwe nguva gare gare, akaita kuti Christophe akumbire zvaaisagona kuramba. Chokwadi ndechekuti muimbi wechidiki akatora nzvimbo yekwaya muchechi uye muimbi wekamuri muLobkowitz Palace muVienna.
Pakupedzisira, Christophe akararama upenyu hwaaida. Munzvimbo yake itsva, akanzwa achitsinhirana sezvinobvira. Vanyori vehupenyu vanotenda kuti kubva panguva ino iyo nzira yekugadzira yeasingaenzaniswi maestro inotanga.
Vienna yagara ichimukwezva, nekuti panguva iyoyo yaive pano kuti zviitiko zvakakosha muunyanzvi zvakaitika. Pasinei nerunako rweVienna, Christophe haana kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo itsva.
Pane imwe nguva mupfumi philanthropist A. Melzi akashanyira muzinda wemuchinda. Gluck paakatanga kuridza mimhanzi, munhu wese aivepo akapindwa nechando, achitarisa muimbi ane tarenda. Mushure memutambo, Melzi akaenda kune jaya ndokumukumbira kuti aende kuMilan. Munzvimbo itsva, akatora chinzvimbo chemuimbi wekamuri muimba yemusha yevachengeti.
Muchinda haana kumisa Gluck, uye akatotsigira muimbi kuenda kuMilan. Akanga ari nyanzvi huru yemimhanzi. Muchinda akabata Gluck zvakanaka, uye akamushuvira nemoyo wese kuti akure.
Kuita mabasa munzvimbo itsva, Christophe akatanga muna 1837. Iyi nguva yenguva inogona kunzi ine zvibereko zvakachengeteka. Mukutaura kwekugadzira, maestro akatanga kukura nokukurumidza.
MuMilan, akatora zvidzidzo zvekunyora kubva kuvadzidzisi vakatanhamara. Akashanda nesimba uye akapa yakawanda yenguva yake kumimhanzi. Pakatanga ma40s, Gluck akanga anyatsogona misimboti yekunyora nziyo. Ichaitora kune imwe nhanho itsva munguva pfupi. Vachataura nezvake semunyori anovimbisa.
Mharidzo yedebut opera
Nenguva isipi akawedzera repertoire yake neyekutanga opera. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvinyorwa "Artashasta". Mharidzo yebasa remimhanzi yakaitika muMilan imwechete, panzvimbo yeReggio Ducal court theatre.
Opera yakagamuchirwa noushamwari nevateereri uye vane chiremera vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi. Nyeredzi itsva yakavhenekera munyika yemimhanzi. Panguva iyoyo, kuongororwa kupfupi kwekugadzirwa kwemunyori kwakaitwa mumapepanhau akati wandei. Gare gare, yakaitirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemitambo muItaly. Kubudirira kwakaita kuti maestro anyore mabasa matsva.
Akatanga hupenyu hunoshanda. Basa rake rainyanya kubatanidzwa nekunyorwa kwemabasa anoshamisa. Saka, munguva iyi yenguva, Christophe akabudisa 9 maopera akakodzera. Vakuru veItaly vakataura nezvake neruremekedzo.
Chiremera chaGluck chakakura nechinyorwa chega chega chaakanyora. Nokudaro, vamiririri vedzimwe nyika vakatanga kuonana naye. Chinhu chimwe chaitarisirwa kubva kuna Christophe - kunyora maopera eimwe theatre.
Pakati pe-40s, Ishe Mildron anokudzwa, uyo panguva iyoyo akatungamirira opera yeItaly yeRoyal Theatre "Haymarket", akatendeukira kuna Gluck kuti abatsirwe. Aida kuzivisa veruzhinji nezvebasa reiye ane zita raizivikanwa zvikuru muItaly. Zvakazoitika kuti rwendo urwu haruna kukosha kune maestro pachake.
Panharaunda yeLondon, akaita rombo rakanaka kusangana naHandel. Panguva iyoyo, iyo yekupedzisira yakanyorwa semumwe wevanyori veOpera vane simba kwazvo munyika. Basa raHandel rakanyanya kunakidza pana Christophe. Nenzira, maopera aGluck akaiswa pachikuva cheChirungu theatre akagamuchirwa zvinotonhorera nevateereri. Vateereri vakaratidza kuva vasina hanya nebasa remaestro.
Christoph Willibald von Gluck ari parwendo
Mushure mokutenderera nharaunda yeEngland, Christophe haana kuronga kuzorora. Akapedza mamwe makore matanhatu achishanya. Haana kungopa maopera ekare kune vanoyemura veEuropean mimhanzi yekare, asi akanyorawo mabasa matsva. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zita rake rakawedzera kukosha munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope.
Rwendo urwu rwakabata dzinenge dzimbahwe dzetsika dzeEurope. Kuwedzera kukuru kwaive kwekuti aikwanisa kutaura nevamwe vanhu vetsika, achichinjana ruzivo rwakakosha navo.
Ari muDresden pachikuva chenzvimbo yemitambo, akaronga mutambo wemimhanzi "Muchato weHercules naHebe", uye muVienna maestro's brilliant opera "Recognized Semiramide" yakaitwa. Kubudirira, kunobatsira, kusanganisira kuchinja muupenyu hwemunhu. Gluck akaridza mhere. Akanga akazadzwa nemanzwiro akajeka zvikuru.
Mukutanga 50s, anogamuchira kupihwa kubva kune muzvinabhizimusi Giovanni Locatelli kuti abatane neboka rake. Munguva iyi yenguva, anogamuchira kurongeka kutsva. Akarayirwa kuti anyore opera Ezio. Pakarongwa mutambo wacho, munyori wacho akaenda kuNaples. Haana kuuya ikoko asina chaakabata. Opera itsva yaChristophe yakarongwa pachikuva cheimba yeko. Tiri kutaura nezve kusikwa "Tsitsi dzaTito".
Vienna nguva
Mushure mokunge atanga mhuri, akatarisana nechisarudzo chakaoma - munyori aifanira kusarudza munzvimbo iyo iye nemudzimai wake vaizogara zvachose. Sarudzo ye maestro, hongu, yakawira paVienna. Vakuru veAustria vakagamuchira Christoph noushamwari. Vakuru vakuru vepamusoro vaitarisira kuti Christoph aizonyora nziyo dzinoverengeka dzisingafi munharaunda yeVienna.
Nenguva isipi maestro akagamuchira kupihwa kubva kuna Joseph weSaxe-Hildburghausen pachake, akatora chinzvimbo chitsva - chinzvimbo chemukuru webhendi pamuzinda waJoseph iyeye. Weekly Gluck akaronga anonzi "academies". Akabva akwidziridzwa pabasa. Christophe akagadzwa sebhendi weboka re opera paCourt Burgtheater.
Iyi nguva yehupenyu hwaGluck ndiyo yaive yakanyanya. Kubva papurogiramu yakabatikana, utano hwake hwakazununguswa zvikuru. Akashanda muimba yemitambo, akanyora mabasa matsva, uyewo haana kukanganwa kufadza vateveri vebasa rake nemakonzati enguva dzose.
Munguva iyi yenguva akashanda pane seria operas. Zvaakapinda mumhando iyi, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuodzwa mwoyo nazvo. Muimbi akatanga kuodzwa mwoyo nenyaya yekuti mabhuku aya akange asina dhirama. Vavariro yavo yakanga iri yokuva nechokwadi chokuti vaimbi vaigona kuratidza unyanzvi hwavo hwekutaura kuvateereri. Izvi zvakamanikidza maestro kutendeukira kune mamwe marudzi.
Mukutanga 60s, kuratidzwa kwemuimbi mutsva opera yakaitika. Tiri kutaura nezvekusikwa kwe "Orpheus naEurydice". Nhasi, vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanovimbisa kuti iyo opera yakaunzwa ndiyo yakanakisa yekuvandudza basa reGluck.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwaChristoph Willibald von Gluck
Gluck akaita rombo rakanaka kusangana neakatora nzvimbo yakakosha muhupenyu hwake. Akaroora mumwe Maria Anna Bergin. Vakaroorana vakaroorana muna 1750. Mukadzi achagara nomurume wake kusvikira mazuva ake apera.
Christoph aida mudzimai wake neshamwari dzake. Pasinei nepurogiramu yakabatikana, ainyatsoteerera mhuri yake. Vakapindurawo maestro. Kumudzimai wake, Gluck akanga asiri murume akanaka chete, asiwo shamwari.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezve maestro
- Aiva nevadzidzi vakawanda. Rondedzero yevakakurumbira inotungamirwa naSalieri.
- Ari parwendo muEngland, akaita zvidimbu zvemimhanzi pagirazi harmonica yekugadzira kwake.
- Akazviona ane rombo rakanaka, nokuti, maererano naGluck, akanga akakomberedzwa chete nevanhu vakanaka.
- Iyo maestro yakadzika munhoroondo semushanduri anoshanda.
Makore Ekupedzisira aChristoph Willibald von Gluck
Mukutanga 70s, akatamira kunharaunda yeParis. Vanyori vehupenyu vanotenda kuti panguva ye "Parisian period" iyo yakanyora chikamu cheshumba chemabasa asingafi akachinja pfungwa pamusoro pemimhanzi yeopera. Pakati pe-70s, iyo yekutanga ye opera Iphigenia muAulis yakaitika.
Pakupera kwema70s, akamanikidzwa kutamira kuVienna. Chokwadi ndechekuti hutano hwemaestro hwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake akagara muguta raakaberekerwa. Glitch hakuna kwaakaenda. Maestro akangwara akafa musi waNovember 15, 1787.
