Maurice Ravel akapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeFrance semunyori wezvidhori. Nhasi, nziyo dzakanaka dzaMaurice dzinonzwika munzvimbo dzemitambo dzakanakisa munyika. Akazvionawo kuti aiva conductor uye muimbi.
Vamiriri ve impressionism vakagadzira nzira uye matekiniki akavabvumira kubata zvakabatana nyika chaiyo mukufamba kwayo uye kusiyanisa. Ichi ndicho chimwe chemaitiro makuru muunyanzvi hwekupedzisira chetatu cheXNUMX - kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Hudiki nehudiki
Iye maestro akanaka akaberekwa munaKurume 7, 1875. Akaberekerwa mutaundi duku reruwa rweFrance rweCiboure. Vabereki vaRavel vaive vasina chekuita nemimhanzi. Somuenzaniso, musoro wemhuri wakashanda sainjiniya.
Heino nguva inofadza: baba, avo vaibva kuSwitzerland, vaisagona kurarama pasina mimhanzi kunyange zuva. Mukuwedzera, akaridza zviridzwa zvakawanda. Zvechokwadi, akapfuudza unyanzvi hwake kumwanakomana wake. Amai vakarerwa zvakanaka. Akaedza kuumba mararamiro akakodzera mumwanakomana wake.
Maurice akapedza uduku hwake muParis, uko mhuri yose yakatamira mushure mekuberekwa kwemwana wavo wekutanga. Vabereki vakasarudza kukudziridza rudo rwemwanakomana wavo rwekugadzira, uye naizvozvo akadzidza zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, uye achiri kuyaruka akapinda munzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Vaimbi vane mukurumbira Faure naBerno vakadzidzisa munzvimbo yakaratidzwa.
Nzira yekuda kuwana diploma yakave yakaoma zvikuru. Chokwadi ndechekuti Maurice Ravel aitove nemaonero ake pamimhanzi uye kuvakwa kwenziyo. Haana kuzeza kutaura maonero ake kuvadzidzisi, izvo akadzingwa kakawanda, uye zvakare akadzorerwa kumapoka evadzidzi.
Nzira yekugadzira uye mimhanzi yemunyori Maurice Ravel
Kana iwe usinga fungidzire, uye ukavhara maziso ako kune hunhu hweRavel, saka tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti vadzidzisi vakabva vaona nugget maari. Aive mumwe wevadzidzi vane tarenda rerukova rwake, saka akauya pasi pekudzidziswa kwaFauré akangwara.
Mudzidzisi akatanga kushanda pamwe chete nemudzidzi, uye munguva pfupi zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvemimhanzi zvakabuda pasi pepeni yake. Vanoda mimhanzi yenguva iyoyo pakati pezvinyorwa zvakaratidzwa zvakanyanya vakagamuchira noushamwari "Antique Minuet".
Ravel akawana shungu dzake dzekunyora mimhanzi mushure mekunge aita rombo rakanaka rekutaura naErika Satie. Akave akakurumbira se "baba" ve impressionism, mhirizhonga yemimhanzi, iyo basa rake rakaramba rakarambidzwa kwenguva refu.
Pashure pokunge apedza kufunda mubhaisikopo, akashanda nesimba. Kwemakore anenge 15, haana kuneta akasika mabasa matsva, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, aisagona kuva nemukurumbira mudenderedzwa rakakura. Akatadza kusvitsa pfungwa dzake kuvanhu. Mimhanzi ye maestro yakapindura kune maitiro akapiwa. Asi, vepanguva yake vakadzoserwa nenyaya yekuti nziyo dzaive dzakarungwa neimpressionist aesthetics.
Maestro's innovative maitiro akatsamwisa zvikuru vamiririri veinonzi chikoro chesekondari. Ravel akaedza kakawanda mumutsara kuti aedze tarenda rake mumakwikwi emubairo weRome waanochiva, asi nguva imwe neimwe kukunda kwaienda kune mumwe munhu. Kumwe kuedza kusiya makwikwi semukundi kwakachinja zvakanyanya hupenyu hwe kwete chete munyori, asi kwakaunza shanduko kuParisian mimhanzi yenyika.
Kuzivikanwa kwemaestro
Ravel paakanyorera makwikwi, akarambwa. Varongi vakapokana kuti zvirambidzo zvezera hazvibvumidze maestro kutora chikamu mumakwikwi. Zvakazoitika kuti vaimbi chete avo vane makore asati asvika makore makumi matatu vanogona kutora chikamu mumakwikwi. Panguva iyoyo, akanga asati akwanisa kupemberera zuva rekutenderera. Akafunga kuti kuramba kwacho kwakanga kusingaenderani nemitemo yakagadzwa.
Mukupesana neizvi, kunyomba kwakasimba kwakavamba, uko kwakazoratidzira chiverengero chakati choutsotsi pachikamu chemitezo yedare rinobetsera vatongi. Pamusoro pe Academy of Arts yakabviswa pachinzvimbo chake, uye nzvimbo yake yakatorwa neaimbove mudzidzisi waRavel, Gabriel Foret.
Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezviitiko izvi, munyori pachake akachinja kuva hero chaiyo. Kuzivikanwa kwake kwakatanga kuwedzera kusimba zuva rega rega, uye kufarira kwekugadzira kwakawedzera. Nharo chaiyo yakamuka pamusoro peunhu husina kujeka uhu. Mabasa anopenya eiyo maestro akanzwika kwese kwese munzvimbo dzemitambo dzakanakisa dzepasirese. Vakatanga kutaura pamusoro pake semumwe wevamiririri vakajeka ve impressionism.
Kuderera kwekusika
Nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, akadzikisa basa rake rekusika. Aida kuenda kumberi, asi havana kumutora nekuda kwehupfupi hwake. Pakupedzisira, akanyoreswa mubasa. Achanyora nezvenguva iyi yenguva mundangariro dzake.
Mushure mekutanga kwerunyararo, Ravel akatanga kunyora mimhanzi. Chokwadi, iye zvino akatanga kushanda mune imwe mhando. Panenge panguva ino yenguva, akanyora The Tomb of Couperin, uyewo pachake akasangana Sergei Diaghilev.
Kuzivana kwakakura kuita hushamwari hwakasimba. Ravel akatonyora mimhanzi inoperekedza kune akati wandei zvigadzirwa zveDiaghilev - Daphnis naChloe naWaltz.
Peak mukurumbira Maurice Ravel
Munguva iyi yenguva, nhamba yepamusoro yemukurumbira wemunyori inowira. Mukurumbira wake wakareba kupfuura chizvarwa chake cheFrance, saka akaenda kuEurope rwendo. Akakwaziswa nembama mumaguta makuru. Iyo maestro yakasvikirwa nemirairo nevamiriri vakakurumbira venyika yemimhanzi. Semuenzaniso, akanyora orchestration yeModest Mussorgsky's Pictures paChiratidzo chemutungamiri Sergei Koussevitzky.
Panguva imwecheteyo, anonyora basa reBolero orchestra. Ziva kuti nhasi basa iri rinoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mabasa eRavel. Nhoroondo yekunyora "Bolero" iri nyore uye inoda kuziva. Iyo yakakurumbira ballerina yakakanda pfungwa yekunyora basa kune munyori. Ndichiri kushanda pazvibodzwa, maestro akanyorera Koussevitzky kuti yakanga isina chimiro uye budiriro. Zvibodzwa zvakanyatso pindirana zvinyakare zvine mutinhimira wemimhanzi yeSpanish.
Mushure mekuratidzwa kweBolero, kufarirwa kwemaestro kwakawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi. Vakanyora nezvake mumapepanhau eEurope, vanyori vechidiki vakatarisa kwaari, vateveri vane hanya vaida kumuona munyika yavo.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemaestro haakwanise kunzi anobudirira. Akashanda zvishoma. Muna 1932, paaiva parwendo rwokuEurope, akaita tsaona huru yemotokari. Akagamuchira kukuvara kwakawanda kwaida kurapwa kwenguva refu uye kugadziriswa. Basa rokupedzisira romunyori raiva basa "Nziyo Nhatu", iyo yaakanyora zvakanyanya kuna Fyodor Chaliapin.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Aisada kutaura nezvehupenyu hwake. Kusvika nhasi, hazvizivikanwe kana maestro aive nerudo nevamiriri vevakomana vakasiyana. Haana kusiya mudyi wenhaka shure kwake. Maurice haana kuroora chero vakadzi vaaiziva.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezvaMaurice Ravel
- Mukuru wake waainyanya kufarira aiva Mozart. Akafara uye akateerera kumabasa anoyevedza emaestro.
- Kuita kwe "Bolero" kunotora maminitsi gumi nematanhatu.
- Nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo nezvevakadzi, vanyori venhoroondo yehupenyu vanoratidza kuti akaratidza kufarira varume. Asi hapana chisimbiso chepamutemo cheizvi.
- Akanga asingadi chaizvo kuridza zviridzwa. Kunyora nziyo kwakamufadza zvikuru.
- Maestro akagadzira konsati yepiyano yeruboshwe.
Kufa kwemunyori mukuru
Mugore rechi33 rezana remakore rapfuura, akaonekwa kuti ane chirwere chakakomba chetsinga. Maererano navanachiremba, chirwere chakasimuka chinopesana nemashure ekukuvadzwa kwakagamuchirwa mutsaona yemotokari. Makore mana gare gare, akavhiyiwa uropi. Asi, zvakazova zvinouraya. Akafa musi waDecember 4, 28.
