Billie Holiday muimbi ane mukurumbira wejazz uye blues. Runako rune tarenda rwakaonekwa pachikuva chine hairpin yemaruva machena.
Chitarisiko ichi chave chimiro chemunhu oga chemuimbi. Kubva pamasekonzi ekutanga emutambo uyu, akakwezva vateereri nezwi rake remashiripiti.
Hudiki uye hudiki hwaEleanor Fagan
Billie Holiday akaberekwa Kubvumbi 7, 1915 muBaltimore. Zita chairo remukurumbira ndiEleanor Fagan. Musikana akakura asina baba. Chokwadi ndechekuti vabereki vake vakasangana vachiri vadiki.
Anenge achangozvarwa mwanasikana wavo, vaviri vacho vakarambana. Vabereki vemusikana uyu vaive Sadie Fagan naClarence Holiday.
Sadie ane makore gumi nematatu aishanda mumba mevanhu vakapfuma semusikana webasa. Pavakaziva kuti musikana wacho akanga ava nepamuviri, vakamubudisa panze. Kuti asununguke mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, Sadie akawana basa kuchipatara, kwaakasuka uriri nekutsvaira.
Mushure mekuzvarwa kwaEleanor, Sadie akaita sarudzo yekusiya Baltimore ndokuenda kuNew York. Chikonzero chekutama ndiko kudzvinyirirwa kwevabereki vaSadie, vakamudzidzisa, vakamuona seakarasika uye vakamufananidzira hupenyu hwakaoma hwaamai vasina murume.
Clarence Holiday, mushure mekuzvarwa kwaEleanor, haana kana kuda kutarisa mwanasikana achangozvarwa. Uyezve, akamupa zita rake rokupedzisira.
Eleanor aisaziva kudziya kwaamai. Sadie, uyo akanga achiri mudiki, akamusiya achichengetwa nehama dzaibata kasikana kacho. Uye chete mbuya-mbuya vake vakanga vasina mweya maari.
Musikana aida mbuya vake. Vakarara pamubhedha mumwe nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu aityisa. Izvi hazvina kunetsa Eleanor zvakanyanya, nekuti mumaoko ambuya vake aive akadzikama.
Humwe usiku ambuya vangu vakashaya. Kuna Nora mudiki, uku kwaive kuvhunduka kukuru. Akasvika muchipatara chevarwere vepfungwa.
Uduku hwenyeredzi yeramangwana haigoni kunzi inofadza - aigara achirangwa pasina chikonzero, aisanzwisiswa kumba, izvo zvakaita kuti Eleanor akatanga kutiza kubva kumba. Akarerwa nemugwagwa.
Nekuda kwekusvetuka chikoro uye kupusa, musikana akapedzisira ave mukoni yechirango. Vatongi vakataura mutongo wavo. Musikana wacho aifanira kusunungurwa ava nemakore 21.
Ikoko, musikana wacho haana kurohwa, asi aigara achiyeuka kuti akanga aparadzwa.
Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kwemuimbi Billie Holiday
Pane imwe nguva, munzvimbo yekururamisa, Eleanor akavharirwa husiku mukamuri rimwechete nemunhu akafa. Mangwana acho, amai vaNora vakauya kuzoshanya. Musikana wacho akati aisakwanisa kumira humwe husiku hwakadaro, uye akatyisidzira kuti aizozviuraya.
Amai vakahaya gweta rakabatsira kuti Eleanor abude mujeri. Sechiratidzo chekuonga, akabatsira amai vake kuwana mari. Musikana akageza pasi nemasitepisi nemasendi mashoma.
Pakati pevashandirwi vake paiva nemuridzi wesangano revakuru romunzvimbomo. Makanga muri munzvimbo iyi apo Nora akatanga kunzwa mumhanzi wakanaka uye akatanga kuuda. Ruzha rwemashiripiti rwenziyo dzeblues dzinoitwa na Louis Armstrong uye Bessie Smith.
Sezvineiwo, uyu mumhanzi wakaorora musikana wacho zvokuti akakumbira muridzi wenziyo kuti abatidze nziyo dzacho kakawanda sezvaaigona. Mukudzoka, Nora akanga achida kukorobha uriri mahara.
Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, Eleanor akadzidza kuverevedza chinyararire mubhaisikopo, umo mafirimu airatidzwa nekutora chikamu kwaBilly Dove. Mutambi uyu akafadza Nora mudiki zvekuti akafunga kutora zita rekunyepa rinonzi Billy.
Hupenyu hwakanyarara hwaEleanor hahuna kugara kwenguva refu. Akarwiswa nomumwe murume ane makore 40 okukura akaedza kubata musikana uyu chibharo. Mapurisa akadaira nekufamba kwenguva.
Mubati chibharo akaendeswa kujeri kwemakore mashanu. Nora haanawo kusiyiwa asina kurangwa - akazopedzisira ava mukoloni kwemakore maviri. Mutongi akaona kuti musikana ndiye akanga adenha mubati chibharo kuti arwise.
Billie Holiday achitamira kuNew York
Pashure pokunge Nora asiya madziro ekoroni, akazviitira chisarudzo chakaoma asi chakarurama. Musikana wacho akatamira kuNew York.
Amai Eleanor vaishanda sananny muguta. Musikana wacho aitofanira kurenda imwe imba.
Chekurarama nacho pakanga pasisina. Nora aisakwanisa kuwana basa. Akakumbira rubatsiro kumuridzi wemba. Nekudaro, pakati pezvikumbiro, kwaingova nenzvimbo mune imwe yekare maindasitiri ebasa.
Eleanor akanga asina zvakawanda zvesarudzo. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, Nora akasungwa zvakare. Musikana uyu akaenda kujeri kwemwedzi mina.
Mwedzi mina gare gare, Eleanor akabudiswa mujeri ndokuwana amai vake vachirwara zvikuru. Mari yainge yaunganidzwa yese yakaenda kunorapwa. Nora akanga asina mari kwete yerendi chete, asi kunyange nechimedu chechingwa.
Musikana aishingaira kutsvaga basa. Rimwe zuva akaenda kune rimwe ramabhawa omunharaunda ndokubvunza muridzi wenzvimbo yacho kana akanga ane basa raaida.
Akati aida mutambi. Nora akanyepa kuti akanga ava nenguva yakareba achitamba. Mutungamiriri wacho paakakumbira kuratidza nhamba yekutamba, akabva aona kuti Nora aimunyepera.
Akabva abvunza musikana kuti aigona kuimba here? Eleanor akaimba nenzira yekuti muridzi wacho akabva amubhadhara, uye akapawo madhora mashoma semuripo wakaderera. Chaizvoizvo, nyaya yeakakurumbira Billie Holiday yakatanga neizvi.
Nora aingova nemakore 14 paakapinzwa basa. Zera harina kunetsa kana muridzi wenzvimbo kana vateereri vanotenda. Kuita kwekutanga kwetarenda diki kwakaitika kumakirabhu ehusiku, mabhawa, macafe uye maresitorendi.
Billie Holiday anosangana nemugadziri John Hammond
Muna 1933, Billie Hodiley akasangana naJohn Hammond, aida mugadziri wechidiki. Jaya racho rakaororwa kwazvo nokutamba kwomusikana wacho zvokuti rakanyora chinyorwa pamusoro pake mumagazini yomunzvimbomo.
Nenguva isipi vadi vemimhanzi vakaziva nezve muimbi ane tarenda, izvo zvakakonzera kufarira kwechokwadi mune inosimuka nyeredzi Billie Holiday.
John akapa muimbi kushandira pamwe, uye akabvuma. Nenguva isipi akamuunza pamwe chete ne "mambo wekuzunungusa" - Benny Goodmanov. Nechekare muna 1933, maartist akaburitsa akati wandei akazara makwara.
Imwe yenziyo dzacho yakabva yaita mukurumbira. Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, Billie Holiday akarekodha nziyo dzinonakidza nevamwe vaimbi vekutanga.
Muna 1935, John akaramba achi“simudzira” wadhi. Akaronga kuti muimbi anyore mu studio naTeddy Wilson naLester Young.
Nenguva isipi, nekuda kwezvinyorwa izvi, izvo zvakagadzirirwa kutengeswa mujukeboxes, muimbi akawana "chikamu" chake chekutanga chekuzivikanwa.
Chiyero chaBilly chakakwira zvakanyanya. Chii chiripo chekutaura! Duke Ellington pachake akakwevera pfungwa kune nyeredzi iri kusimuka, achimukoka kuti atore nyeredzi mufirimu pfupi Symphony in Black.
Billie Holiday First Tour
Billie Holiday akaenda parwendo rwake rwekutanga. Pakutanga, muimbi akafamba nemabhendi aD. Lunsford naF. Henderson, uyezve neboka guru reCount Basie pachake, achizvidira kuva mukwikwidzi kune shamwari yake yeramangwana Ella Fitzgerald.
Billy akashanda kwenguva pfupi naBasie. Kusawirirana kwakatanga kubva pamitambo yekutanga. Chikonzero chiri nyore - Zororo raive nemaonero akasiyana pamimhanzi uye kuita zvakajairika. Nenguva isipi muimbi wacho akava soloist weimba, iyo yaitungamirirwa naArtie Shaw.
Billie Holiday pakutanga akabatwa nekutya kukuru uye neruremekedzo muorchestra. Gare gare, muimbi akatarisana nekusekwa kwekutanga uye kunyadziswa.
Kusawirirana kwakatanga kuitika pamusana pokusarurana kwemarudzi. Pane imwe nguva boka racho rakatamba muUnited States of America. Artie Shaw akarambidza Billy kubva pachikuva. Vamwe vake pavaitamba, aitofanira kuhwanda mubhazi.
Nenguva isipi muimbi akawana mukana wokusangana Barney Josephson. Barney akaenda pachiitiko chine njodzi - aive mumwe wekutanga kuvhura cafe umo chero vateereri vakaungana.
Billie Holiday akatanga kuita padanho reiyo institution. Akaedza kuparadzira mimhanzi yake, uye akabudirira.
Zvinofadza, kwete chete vadi vemimhanzi, asiwo maartist, vaimbi vane mukurumbira nevatambi vakaungana munzvimbo ino. Nenguva isipi, Billie Holiday akazozivikanwa munharaunda dzakanaka dzenzanga.
Muimbi akaramba achishanda pane repertoire yake. Iyo yakakurumbira kuumbwa kweiyo nguva yaive rwiyo "Strange Fruits". Nhasi, vazhinji vanodana iyi track chiratidzo cheBillie Holiday.
Iyo Peak yeBillie Holiday's Musical Basa
Nhamba yepamusoro yemukurumbira waBillie Holiday yakauya muma1940s. Matupi aiitwa nemuimbi akarira mumakofi, maresitorendi, mabara, panhepfenyuro uye kubva kumidziyo yemimhanzi.
Muimbi uyu akabatana nemasitudhiyo ekurekodha akadai seColumbia, Brunswick, Decca.
Mutambo wekutanga wega wega wemuimbi wakaitika muna 1944 munharaunda yeMetropolitan Opera, uye muna 1947 - muhoro yekonti "Town Hall", muna 1948 Billie Holiday airemekedzwa kuita pachikuva cheimba yepamusoro yekonti "Carnegie". Hall".
Kunyangwe mukurumbira uye ruremekedzo rwemamiriyoni evateveri, Billie Holiday aive asiri kufara. Kasingaperi, akakundikana muroorano. Madhirama emunhu aimukurudzira kushandisa doro uye zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo.
Billie Holiday: Kufirwa naAmai...
Nokukurumidza munhu wepedyo Billie Holiday akafa - amai vake. Muimbi akashungurudzika zvikuru nekurasikirwa. Haana kukwanisa kubvuma kuti mai vake havachagari naye.
Kushungurudzika kwakakanganisa hutano hwepfungwa hwemuimbi. Akaporesa tsinga dzake nekutora dope yakasimba. Billy akatanga kushandisa zvinodhaka. Uye zvisinei kuti akaedza sei "kusvetuka kubva", hazvina kumuitira.
Billy akabva aenda kukiriniki yakazvimirira kuti abatsirwe. Ndiri muchipatara, rimwe dambudziko rakaitika - Zororo rakauya pasi pepfuti yemapurisa, uyo akatarisa muimbi kwenguva refu.
Pakusechwa kwakawanikwa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo kwaBilly. Akanga ari mujeri kwemwedzi inoverengeka.
Mushure mekusunungurwa kwake, chimwe chishamiso chakamumirira - kubva zvino akanga asina kodzero yekuridza munzvimbo dzaitengeswa doro. Pasi pechirambidzo pakanga pane masangano ose aaiwana nawo mari yakatsiga.
Creativity Billie Holiday
Billie Holiday akaita mupiro wakakura mukusimudzira nziyo dzejazz. Muimbi akakwanisa kugadzira hunyanzvi chaihwo kubva mumimhanzi yakapusa uye isingashamisi.
Panguva yekuitwa kwezvinyorwa, Billy akagovera simba rinoshamisa nevateereri. Haana kumboramba ari "muimbi asina chinhu". Akagovana manzwiro ake nemafeni.
Mutsara wenziyo dzeBillie Holiday nziyo dzakaramba dzakareruka uye hadzina kuteerera kurova kwakasimba kwebhiti. Rusununguko urwu rwakabvumira muimbi kuti agadzire uye "arege kuomeswa." Pachikuva, haasi chimwe chinhu kunze kwe "kukwira".
Sezvineiwo, Billie Holiday haana kumbobvira aine hunyanzvi hwekutaura uye yakakosha yenzwi.
Chinhu chose chaive chekuti muimbi aitaura zvake, dzimwe nguva zviitiko zvinoshamisa mumakwara ake. Izvi zvakamubvumira kuti ave mumwe wevanonyanya kufarirwa uye vanozivikanwa vaimbi vejazz muzana remakore rapfuura.
Munguva yebasa rake rekugadzira, Billie Holiday akashanda pamwe negumi nemaviri ane mukurumbira ekurekodha masitudiyo. Muimbi weJazz akakwanisa kusiya nziyo 187. Dzakawanda dzenziyo dzacho dzakava dzinorova chaizvo.
Top songs Billy
- Lover Man irwiyo rune nziyo asi runoshamisa. Mutambo wacho wakanyorwa muna 1944. Muna 1989, rwiyo rwakapinzwa muGrammy Hall of Fame.
- Billy akanyora rwiyo rwekuti Mwari Ropafadzai Mwana muna 1941. Murwiyo urwu, akagovera zvakaitika kwaari uye manzwiro ake nevateereri. Muimbi uyu akanyora rwiyo mushure mekunetsana naamai vake.
- Riffin' the Scotch yakaburitswa muna 1933 nebhendi raitungamirwa naBenny Goodman. Iyo track ipapo yakava hit, nekuda kwekuti muimbi akawana mukurumbira wake wekutanga.
- Zororo rakanyorwa kuti Crazy He Calls Me muna 1949. Nhasi rwiyo rwuri pakati pemaitiro ejazz.
Mumhanzi wenziyo "Strange Fruits" unofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Billie Holiday akatambura kusaruramisira kwemarudzi. Kunyange semuimbi ane mukurumbira, akanzwa kumanikidzwa kwakaitwa nenzanga paari.
Billie akanyanyoita mukurumbira wake kuratidza kuti nyaya yerusaruraganda ine basa kwete zvekugadzirwa kwevanhu chete.
Billie Holiday akafadzwa zvikuru nenhetembo yaAbel Miropol. Mushure mekuverenga rondedzero yenhetembo "Strange Fruits", muimbi akaburitsa mimhanzi.
Murwiyo "Strange Fruits", muimbi akaedza kutaura kune vateereri nezvekuguma kwevasina nhamo veAfrica America. Pamhosva ipi neipi vairangwa zvakaomarara.
Billy paakatendeukira kumakambani ekurekodha kwaakange amborekodha nziyo kuti abatsirwe, ivo, vachiziva nezve "Strange Fruits", vakaramba kurekodha rwiyo.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, Billy achiri kurekodha rwiyo, asi pane "pasi pevhu" yekurekodha studio.
Billie Holiday hupenyu hwemunhu
Hupenyu hwaBillie Holiday hwakakura nenzira yakaipisisa. Mukadzi anoyevedza agara achifarira varume vasina kukodzera.
Murume wekutanga waBilly aive mutungamiriri weHarlem nightclub, Jimmy Monroe. Murume "akaramba ari pfupi leash" Holiday. Nenguva isipi vakarambana, asi muchato wakava unouraya muupenyu hwaBilly. Murume "akakochekera" mukadzi pazvinodhaka.
Billie Holiday murume wechipiri aive Joe Guy. Uye kana murume wekare akasundidzira muimbi kuti abvise zvinodhaka, Joe Guy akayambuka mutsara uyu. Vaviri ava vakabva varambana.
John Levy ndiye wechitatu anonyanya kuda Billie Holiday. Paakasangana naye, mukadzi wacho akafunga kuti akanga awana mufaro wake. Levy aive muridzi weEbony Club yaive nemukurumbira.
Akanga aripo apo muimbi wacho akabudiswa mujeri nokuda kwekubata zvinodhaka. Uyezve, akakwanisa kutangazve basa rake rekonzati.
Revhi akapa mudiwa wake zvipo zvinodhura. Vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari pamwe chete. Hukama uhwu hunogona kunzi hwakanakisa. Asi munguva pfupi hutsinye hwaRevhi hwakatanga kuoneka. Akasimudza ruoko rwake kumudzimai wake ndokumuparadza.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakazoitika kuti Revhi aive pimp. Asi iyo yepamusoro yakauya paakapa mapurisa zano paBillie Holiday. Iri raive sadza rekupedzisira. Mudzimai akatiza pamba akanokumbira kurambana.
Murume wechina uye wekupedzisira wemuimbi anozivikanwa aiva Louis McKay. Muchato uyuwo hauna kubudirira. Uye pakanga pasina rudo rukuru. Louis akarova Holiday ndokumudhakisa.
Mushure mekushanya kwaBillie Holiday kuEurope kwakava "kutadza", murume akangotiza mudzimai wake. Mushure mekufa kwake, akauya kuzotora chikamu chezvinyorwa zvakatengeswa.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezveBillie Holiday
- Maruva ainyanya kufarirwa nemuimbi uyu aiva gardenias. Vazhinji vakadana Billie Holiday "Lady Gardenia".
- Pakutanga kwebasa rake rekusika, muimbi akagamuchira mari yakaderera zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, nokuda kwekonzati munightclub, Billy akagamuchira $ 35.
- Rekodha makambani pamaalbum ane nziyo dzeBillie Holiday akawana mamirioni. Mukadzi ane kutengesa dhisiki remativi maviri akagamuchira madhora makumi manomwe neshanu.
- Shamwari yepamwoyo yemuimbi uyu aive Lester Young, nyanzvi yesaxophonist.
- Billie Holiday aida imbwa. Uku ndiko kwaiva kupera simba kwake. Muimbi panguva dzakasiyana aigara nembwa dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana: poodle, chihuahua, Great Dane, beagle, terrier, kunyange mongrel.
Matambudziko nezvinodhaka uye doro. Rufu rwaBillie Holiday
Mumakore ekuma1950, vanoda mimhanzi uye vateveri vaBillie Holiday vakatanga kuona kuti inzwi rake rakanga risisina kunaka.
Zvinetso nekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka uye doro zvakakonzera kuti muimbi ane mukurumbira akatanga kuve nezvinetso zvehutano zvakakomba izvo zvakawedzera kugona kwake kutaura.
Pasinei neizvi, akaramba achiita pachikuva uye kunyora nziyo itsva. Nenguva isipi akasaina chibvumirano naNorman Grantz - muridzi weakawanda anozivikanwa rekodhi rekodhi.
Munguva iyi yenguva, Billie Holiday aive pamusoro pemumhanzi Olympus. Izvi zvakatangirwa nerwendo rwakabudirira rweEurope uye kuburitswa kwebhuku rake.
Muna 1958, Billie Holiday akawedzera discography yake nedambarefu rake rekupedzisira, Lady in Satin. Akabva atorazve rwendo rwekuEurope. Rwendo rwakazove "kutadza", muimbi akadzokera kumba.
Muna May 1959, muimbi akabata konzati yake yokupedzisira. Pakupera kwaMay wegore iroro, Billie Holiday akaendwa naye muamburenzi. Muimbi akafa July 17, 1959. Vanachiremba vakamuti akanga afa kubva mukunyanya kuwandisa zvinodhaka. Muimbi aingova nemakore 44 okuberekwa.
Basa rake richiri kuremekedzwa nanhasi. Billie Holiday inonzi "Queen of Jazz and Blues". Nziyo dzemuimbi dzinoshanda nanhasi.
