Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart akaita mupiro wakakura mukusimudzira mimhanzi yepasi rose. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muupenyu hwake hupfupi akakwanisa kunyora pamusoro 600 nziyo. Akatanga kunyora nziyo dzake dzekutanga achiri mwana.
Muimbi udiki
Akaberekwa muna Ndira 27, 1756 muguta rinoyevedza reSalzburg. Mozart akakwanisa kuva nemukurumbira munyika yose. Chokwadi ndechekuti akakurira mumhuri yekusika. Baba vake vakashanda semuimbi.
Mozart akakurira mumhuri huru. Vazhinji vevakoma nehanzvadzi dzake vakafa vachiri vadiki. Apo Wolfgang akaberekwa, vanachiremba vakati mukomana wacho aizoramba ari nherera. Pakusununguka, amai vaMozart vakava nezvinetso zvakakomba. Vanachiremba vakafanotaura kuti mukadzi ari kurwadziwa aisazorarama. Hameno kuti akazova nani.
Kubva paudiki hwake, Mozart aifarira zvemimhanzi. Akaona baba vake vachiridza zviridzwa zvakasiyana siyana. Pazera remakore 5, mwana wacho aigona kuridza nenzeve rwiyo rwakaridzwa naLeopold Mozart (baba) maminiti mashomanana apfuura.
Musoro wemhuri, uyo akaona zvaigona kuitika mumwanakomana wake, akamudzidzisa kuridza harpsichord. Mukomana wacho akakurumidza kuziva nziyo dzakaoma zvikuru dzemitambo nemaminiti, uye munguva pfupi akanga aneta nebasa iri. Mozart akatanga kunyora nziyo. Pazera remakore matanhatu, Wolfgang akakwanisa chimwe chiridzwa chemimhanzi. Panguva ino yaive violin.
Nenzira, Mozart haana kumbopinda chikoro. Leopold akadzidzisa vana vake pamba ari ega. Akanga ane dzidzo yakaisvonaka. Wolfgang aive akanakisa pane angangoita ese sainzi. Mukomana akabata zvose panhunzi. Aiva nendangariro dzakaisvonaka.
Mozart ndeyechokwadi nugget, nokuti sei kutsanangura chokwadi chokuti pazera remakore matanhatu akapa solo konzati. Dzimwe nguva hanzvadzi yake Nannerl akaonekwa pachikuva naWolfgang. Akaimba zvinoyevedza.
Vechidiki
Leopold Mozart akaziva kuti zvinoitwa nevana zvinofadza zvikuru vateereri. Mushure mekufunga, akaenda nevana vake rwendo rurefu muEurope. Ikoko, Wolfgang naNannerl vakaridza kune vanoda mafeni emimhanzi yechinyakare.
Mhuri iyi haina kukurumidza kudzokera kunyika yavo yenhoroondo. Mitambo yevana iyi yakamutsa dutu remanzwiro muvateereri. Zita remuimbi wechidiki uye munyori akanzwika neveEuropean elite.
Panharaunda yeParis, maestro akagadzira sonatas ina. Zvinyorwa zvakagadzirirwa clavier uye violin. Paaiva parwendo muLondon, akatora zvidzidzo kubva kumwanakomana wake muduku, Bach. Akasimbisa hungwaru hwaWolfgang uye akati anoratidza ramangwana rakanaka kwaari.
Mukati merwendo rwokushingaira nomunyika dzeEurope, mhuri yekwaMozart yakanga yakaneta zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, hutano hwevana uye zvisati zvaitika hazvigone kunzi zvakasimba. Leopold akasarudza kudzokera kuguta raakaberekerwa muna 1766.
Nzira yekugadzira yaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Baba vaWolfgang vakaedza zvakanyanya kuita kuti vanhu vazhinji vazive tarenda remwanakomana wavo. Somuenzaniso, achiri kuyaruka, akamutumira kuItaly. Vagari vomunzvimbomo vakafadzwa nokutamba kwounyanzvi kwemuimbi wechiduku uyu. Ashanyira Bologna, Wolfgang akatora chikamu mumakwikwi ekutanga nevaimbi vakakurumbira. Zvinonakidza kuti vamwe vanyori vakanga vakakodzera madzibaba ake, asi kazhinji Mozart ndiye akakunda.
Tarenda yetarenda yechidiki yakafadza Boden Academy zvekuti Mozart akagadzwa semudzidzi. Yakanga iri sarudzo isiri yechokwadi. Chaizvoizvo, zita iri rakawanikwa nevanyori vakakurumbira, vane makore anopfuura makumi maviri.
Kukunda kwakawanda kwakafuridzira Mozart. Akanzwa kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwesimba uye simba. Akagara pasi kuumba sonatas, operas, quartets uye symphonies. Gore negore, kwete Wolfgang chete akakura, asiwo nziyo dzake. Vakatoshinga uye vakawedzera mavara. Ainyatsonzwisisa kuti nenziyo dzake aipfuura vaaimboyemura. Nenguva isipi munyori wacho akasangana naJoseph Haydn. Akava kwete chete mudzidzisi wake, asiwo shamwari yepedyo.
Mozart akawana basa rinobhadhara zvikuru mudare rabhishopi mukuru. Baba vake vaishandawo ikoko. Basa repachivanze rakanga rava kufamba. Wolfgang akafadza nzanga nenziyo dzakanaka. Pashure porufu rwabhishopi, mamiriro ezvinhu muchivanze akawedzera kuipa. Muna 1777, Leopold Mozart akakumbira mwanakomana wake kuti afambe muEurope. Kuna Wolfgang, rwendo urwu rwakabatsira zvikuru.
Munguva iyi yenguva, mhuri yekwaMozart yakasangana nematambudziko emari. Pamwe chete naWolfgang, amai vake chete ndivo vakakwanisa kuenda rwendo. Mozart zvakare akatanga kuronga makonzati. Maiwe havana kupfuura nemufaro mukuru kudaro. Ichokwadi ndechokuti nziyo dze maestro hadzina kufanana ne "standard" classical music. Mukuwedzera, Mozart akura akanga asingachakonzeri kutya muvateereri mumweya.
Vateereri vakagamuchira munyori wenziyo nomuimbi nounyoro. Aya akanga asiri mashoko anosuruvarisa zvikuru. MuParis, pakati pekuneta kwakanyanya, amai vake vakafa. Maestro akamanikidzwa zvakare kudzokera kuSalzburg.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: mambakwedza ebasa rekugadzira
Wolfgang Mozart, zvisinei nehunyanzvi uye kuzivikanwa kweveruzhinji, aive muurombo. Pamusana peizvi, akanga asingagutsikane zvikuru nemabatirwo aakaitwa naachibhishopi mutsva. Mozart akanzwa kuti tarenda rake rakanga richikosheswa. Ainzwisisa kuti akanga asingabatwi semuimbi anoremekedzwa, asi semuranda.
Muna 1781 maestro akabva pamuzinda. Akaona kusanzwisisa kwehama dzake, asi haana kuchinja chisarudzo chake. Nokukurumidza akatamira munharaunda Vienna. Mozart akanga asati aziva kuti ichi chaizova chisarudzo chakarurama zvikurusa chemakore mashoma okupedzisira oupenyu hwake. Uye apa ndipo paakaratidza kugona kwake kwekusika kusvika pakakwirira.
Nenguva isipi maestro akasangana nemukurumbira Gottfried van Steven. Akazadzwa nenhetembo dzemunyori wacho uye akava mutsigiri wake akatendeka. Muunganidzwa webaron waisanganisira mabasa asingafi naBach naHandel.
Bharoni akapa munyori zano rakanaka. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Wolfgang akashanda muBaroque style. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kupfumisa repertoire nezvinyorwa zvegoridhe. Sezvineiwo, panguva iyi yenguva, akadzidzisa mimhanzi notation yaPrincess Elisabeth weWürttemberg.
Muna 1780, nguva yasvika yekubudirira kwebasa remaestro. Muunganidzwa wake unozadzikiswa nemaopera: Muchato weFigaro, Iyo Mashiripiti Flute, Don Giovanni. Zvadaro akanga ari mumwe wevanyori vainyanya kutsvakwa nevaimbi. Makonzati ake aibhadharwa zvakanyanya. Chikwama chake chaiputika kubva mubhadharo, uye mweya wake "wakatamba" kubva mukugamuchirwa noushamwari neruzhinji.
Kuzivikanwa kwemaestro kwakakurumidza kuderera. Nenguva isipi uya aitenda tarenda raMozart kubva pakutanga akafa. Baba vake vakashaya. Ipapo mudzimai waMaestro Constance Weber akaonekwa kuti ane ronda regumbo. Kuti adzivirire mudzimai wake pamarwadzo makuru, Mozart akashandisa mari yakawanda.
Nzvimbo yemunyori yakawedzera kuipa mushure mekufa kwaJoseph II. Nenguva isipi nzvimbo yamambo yakatorwa naLeopold II. Mutongi mutsva aive kure nekusika, uye kunyanya mimhanzi.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Constance Weber mukadzi akaramba ari mumoyo wemuimbi ane mukurumbira. Maestro akasangana nemusikana akanaka munharaunda yeVienna. Pakusvika muguta, muimbi akarenda imba kubva kumhuri yekwaWeber.
Nenzira, baba vaMozart vaipesana nemuchato uyu. Akataura kuti Constantia aitsvaga purofiti chete mumwanakomana wake. Mhemberero yemuchato yakaitwa muna 1782.
Mudzimai wemunyori aive nepamuviri ka6. Akakwanisa kubereka vana vaviri chete - Karl Thomas naFranz Haver Wolfgang.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro paWolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Muimbi ane chipo akanyora rwiyo rwake rwekutanga aine makore matanhatu.
- Mwanakomana wegotwe waMozart aigara muLviv kwemakore anenge 30.
- MuLondon, Wolfgang muduku aiva chinhu chekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi. Aizivikanwa semwana mudiki.
- Munyori ane makore 12 okukura akanyora rwiyo rwaakatumwa nomutongi woUmambo Hutsvene hweRoma.
- Pamakore makumi maviri nemasere, akapinda muMasonic lodge muVienna.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu
Muna 1790, hutano hwemudzimai wemunyori zvakare hwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Kuti avandudze mamiriro ake emari, maestro akamanikidzwa kupa makonzati akawanda muFrankfurt. Mitambo yemuimbi wacho yakaenda nekurova, asi izvi hazvina kuita kuti chikwama chaMozart chiremerwe.
Kwapera gore, maestro akave nekumwe kusimuka kwekugadzira. Somugumisiro weizvi, Mozart akabudisa chinyorwa chinonzi Symphony No. 40, uye nguva pfupi asati afa, Requiem yakanga isati yapera.
Nenguva isipi munyori wacho akarwara zvikuru. Aiva nefivha yakanyanya, kurutsa uye kutonhorwa. Akafa musi waDecember 5, 1791. Vanachiremba vakawana kuti rufu rwakanga rwuri nemhaka ye<em>rheumatic inflammatory fever.
Maererano nemimwe mishumo, chikonzero chekufa kwemuimbi akakurumbira chaiva chepfu. Kwenguva yakareba, Antonio Salieri akapomerwa mhosva yekufa kwaMozart. Akanga asina mukurumbira saWolfgang. Vakawanda vaifunga kuti Salieri aida kuti afe. Asi fungidziro iyi haina kusimbiswa zviri pamutemo.
