Tikhon Khrennikov - Soviet uye Russian munyori, muimbi, mudzidzisi. Munguva yebasa rake refu rekusika, maestro akagadzira akati wandei akakodzera maopera, ballet, symphonies, uye instrumental concerto. Fans vanomurangarirawo semunyori wemimhanzi yemafirimu.
Uduku uye huduku hwaTikhon Khrennikov
Akaberekwa pakutanga June 1913. Tikhon akaberekerwa mumhuri huru. Vabereki vake vaive kure nehunyanzvi hwekusika. Akakurira mumhuri yemutengesi wemabharani uye mukadziwo zvake wemba.
Musoro wemhuri haana kurembera dzidzo. Mumhuri yeKhrennikov, kunyanya kukoshesa kwakabhadharwa kumimhanzi. Uye kunyangwe baba vake vaive kure nekusika, akakurudzira mimhanzi. Somuenzaniso, Tikhon aiziva kuridza zviridzwa zvakawanda. Mukati mamakore ake echikoro, jaya racho rakarongwa mukwaya yomunzvimbomo.
Zvizhinji zvezvose, Khrennikov Jr. akakwezvwa nekuvandudza. Akanyora chidzidzo chake chekutanga achiri mudiki. Kubva panguva ino, kuumbwa kweTikhon semunyori kunotanga.
Nenguva isipi akawana kubvunzana naMikhail Gnesin pachake. Akakwanisa kuona tarenda muTikhon. Maestro akakurudzira kuti mukomana apedze chikoro chesekondari, uye chete ozoenderera mberi kupinda muMoscow Conservatory. Panguva ino, Khrennikov akateerera zvinyorwa zveRussia classics.
Tikhon Khrennikov: kudzidziswa paGnesinka
Tikhon akateerera mazano evane tarenda Mikhail Gnesin, uye apedza chikoro akapinda chikoro chemimhanzi. Pashure paizvozvo, akanyoreswa muimba inochengeterwa zvinhu yeguta guru, kwaakava nomukana unoshamisa wokudzidza nevadzidzisi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Mumakore ake mudzidzi, anotanga kushanda munhandare yevana.
Mugore rake rekupedzisira, Khrennikov anopa vadzidzisi symphony yekutanga, iyo inogona kurondedzerwa sebasa reunyanzvi. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mimhanzi yakave yakakurumbira kwete chete munharaunda yeSoviet Union. Iyo symphony yakapinda murepertoire yevakakurumbira conductor kubva kuAmerica.
Tikhon akapa symphony sebasa rake rekupedza kudzidza. Mumwe chete akapa Khrennikov chiratidzo "chakanaka" mubvunzo ndiye Sergei Prokofiev.
Munyori pachake akaverenga pakugamuchira diploma tsvuku. Aisatarisira kubva kumakomisheni mamakisi ari pasi pe "5". Mushure mokunge migumisiro yebvunzo yazivikanwa kwaari, akazivisa kuti aisazogamuchira diploma yebhuruu. Mazuva mashomanana gare gare, dare rezvidzidzo repanzvimbo inochengeta tsika dzakafunga nezvenyaya yomudzidzi. Akabva abuda muservatory akabata diploma dzvuku mumaoko.
Nzira yekusika yeTikhon Khrennikov
Nhamba yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa kwemunyori yakasvika pakati pe30s yezana remakore rapfuura. Munguva iyi yenguva, akava mumwe wevakakurumbira maestro weSoviet Union. Tikhon akafamba zvakawanda, akapa makonzati uye akadzidzisa.
Nenguva isipi akaronga konsati yepiyano yekugadzira theatre yeMuch Ado About Nothing. Anozadza zvakare repertoire nemabasa matsva emimhanzi.
Pakupera kwema30, yekutanga kweiyo debut opera yakaitika. Tiri kutaura nezvebasa remimhanzi "Into the Storm". Chinhu chikuru che opera yakaratidzwa kwaiva kuonekwa kwaVladimir Lenin mairi.
Nguva yehondo yeKhrennikov yakaratidzwa pasina kurasikirwa kukuru mukugadzira. Akaramba achishingaira. Munguva iyi, anonyanya kunyora nziyo. Zvadaro symphony yechipiri inooneka. Pakutanga, akaronga kuti basa iri richava rwiyo rwevechidiki, asi Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakagadzirisa zvayo.
Basa rake rainyatsoratidza zvaifungwa nezviremera uye vagariwo zvavo veSoviet Union munguva yehondo. Mabasa ake akazadzwa netarisiro uye kutenda mune ramangwana rakajeka.
Tikhon Khrennikov: zviitiko munguva yepashure pehondo
Kwemakore akawanda, maestro akashanda semukuru we Union of Composers. Akave nerukudzo rwekupinda misangano mizhinji uko nhengo dzePolitburo dzakasarudza ramangwana revanhuwo zvavo. Basa raTikhon raiva rekuwana mamiriro akanakisisa ekugadzirwa kwevanyori nevaimbi.
Akanga ari mutsigiri wehurumende yaStalin yehurumende. Akamutsigira apo "akarwisa" vaimbi veSoviet uye vaimbi. Zvikurukuru, "black list" yemutungamiri yaisanganisira avant-garde artists vasina kupindirana nepfungwa yechiedza checommunism.
Zvisinei, mukubvunzurudzwa kwake gare gare, munyori munzira dzose akaramba chokwadi chokuti aitsigira Stalin. Tikhon akati aifarira mafungiro echiKomonisiti. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti maestro ane mibairo yakawanda yenyika uye mibairo mune yake arsenal.
Khrennikov akavewo akakurumbira semunyori wefirimu. Akanyora zvibodzwa zvemumhanzi zvemafirimu anopfuura makumi matatu. Muma30s, kumufaro wevateveri vake, akagadzira mabheti mazhinji.
Haana kusiya basa rake kusvikira pakupedzisira. Muzana idzva remakore, akaenderera mberi nekunyora waltzes uye zvidimbu zve symphony orchestra. Mabasa achangoburwa anosanganisira mimhanzi yefirimu "Two Comrades" uye TV series "Moscow Windows".
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunyori
Pasinei nechinzvimbo chake chepamusoro uye pfuma, akanga ane mwero nenzira yomuzvarirwo. Tikhon akabvuma kakawanda kuti ane murume mumwe chete. Upenyu hwake hwose akararama nomukadzi mumwe, ainzi Clara Arnoldovna Waks.
Mudzimai waMaestro akazviona semutori wenhau. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva kuzivana kwavo Clara akanga akaroora. Hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti akanga asingafari nemurume wake, asi Tikhon haana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Mukadzi akaramba Khrennikov kwenguva yakareba, asi haana kurega kumuchengeta uye achiri kuwana nzira yake.
Aive mumhanzi wake uye mukadzi mukuru. Akatsaurira chidimbu chemimhanzi "Senge nightingale nezve rose" kwaari. Apo Clara akateerera kuumbwa, haana kurumbidza, asi akatsoropodza maestro. Manheru mamwe chetewo, akanyorazve basa racho zvokuti rakazova basa rounyanzvi chairo.
Vakaridza muchato wakaisvonaka, uye pasina nguva mwanasikana akaberekwa mumhuri, uyo ainzi Natasha. Nenzira, iye akateverawo mumakwara ababa vake vakasika. Khrennikov haana kumborega mari kumudzimai wake nemwanasikana. Pose pazvaibvira, aivageza nezvipo nezvinhu zvinokosha.
Kufa kwaTikhon Khrennikov
Akashaya musi waAugust 14, 2007. Akafira muguta guru reRussia. Chikonzero chekufa kwaiva kurwara kwenguva pfupi.
