Kuumbwa kweUkraine yenyika opera theatre yakabatana nezita raOksana Andreevna Petrusenko. Makore matanhatu chete mapfupi Oksana Petrusenko akapedza ari Kyiv opera danho. Asi nekufamba kwemakore, akazadzwa nekutsvaga kwekusika uye basa rakafuridzirwa, akakunda nzvimbo yekukudzwa pakati pevatenzi veUkraine opera art se: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky , Yu. S. Kiporenko-Damansky uye vamwe.
Munguva iyi, zita raOksana Petrusenko rakava rakakurumbira zvikuru kwete muUkraine chete, asiwo kunze kwenyika, kwaakaita mumitambo kana makonzati. Chakavanzika chekubudirira kwake chiri mukuzvimirira uye kutendeseka kwekuita kwake, mukunzwa kunofadza uko Oksana Andreevna akakwanisa kuratidza kunaka kwerwiyo rwevanhu, kudzika kwemanzwiro e heroines opera. Oksana Petrusenko aiva netarenda rokumutsa mufaro wakaisvonaka muvateereri, kudziya mwoyo yevanhu.
Uduku uye vechidiki mutambi Oksana Petrusenko
Ksenia Borodavkina akaberekwa February 18, 1900 muBalaklava (pedyo neSevastopol). baba vake, Andrei Borodavka, aibva Malaya Balakliya, Kharkov nharaunda. Akasvika kuSevastopol nekuda kwebasa rake semutyairi wechikepe muBlack Sea Fleet, uko zita rake rekupedzisira rakanyorwazve kuWartkin. Amai vaXenia, Maria Kuleshova, vaibva mudunhu reOryol.
Yakabva kuna baba vake, avo vaiva nenzwi rakanaka, kuti Xenia akagamuchira tarenda remuimbi. Kunyange zvazvo musikana wacho akanga asingazivi baba vake. Muchirimo cha1901, akafa netibhii. Amai vakaroorwazve, asi murume mutsva ainwa zvakanyanyisa. Kubva pazera remakore gumi nemana, Ksenia akashanda zuva rega rega pachiteshi chengarava cheSevastopol, akaimba mukwaya yechechi uye pamakonzati evasina kudzidza. Pamakore gumi nemasere, akatiza pamba aine mimhanzi nemutambo waStepan Glazunenko. Ndiko kwakatanga upenyu hwake hwokushanya.
Mwedzi miviri gare gare, mune jasi remurwi uye majombo makuru emasoja, Ksenia akaonekwa muKherson theatre, iyo yaitungamirirwa naIvan Sagatovsky. Akatambira musikana uya muchikwata. Mudzimai wake (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) akatanga kudzidzisa mutambi wechidiki izvo zvekutanga maitiro pachikuva. Asina dzidzo inokosha, akadzidza zvikamu kubva kune opera Zaporozhets mhiri kweDanube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) uye Natalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) nenzeve. Akaita semuimbi-muimbi wenziyo dzevanhu. Akaziva zvakare chikamu chakaoma chaTamara mune yekupedzisira chiitiko che opera The Dhimoni (naA. Rubinstein).
Kutanga kwenzira yekugadzira
Achisiya Sevastopol neimwe yemauto ekuUkraine anofambisa, Oksana Andreevna mukupera kwa1918 akabatana nechikwata cheState Ukrainian Drama Theatre, chaitungamirirwa naI. L. Saratovsky. Yakanga iri nhanho yakakosha muhupenyu hwekusika hwemuimbi.
Munhandare, akawana shamwari chaidzo uye varairidzi, vakadzidza hwaro hwakasimba hunoshanda hwestagecraft. Pano unyanzvi hwake hwemimhanzi uye hwezwi hwakatanga. I. L. Saratovsky uye mukuru wechitunha K. L. Luzhitskaya Oksana vakafunga vadzidzisi uye vakachengeta hukama hunodziya navo. P. P. Boychenko (theatre conductor) akanyatsodzidza zvikamu naPetrusenko.
Akazadza mudzidzi wake ane tarenda nomwoyo wose, uye pashure penguva yakati akava mudzimai wake. Asi muchato wacho hauna kugara kwenguva refu nekuda kwekukakavadzana uye kusawirirana pamusoro pekugadzira. Muna 1920, Oksana Andreevna, sechikamu cheboka raI. L. Saratovsky, akaenda nemakonzati kuPerekop Front.
Muna 1922, akashanda zvakare muboka rinotungamirirwa naI. L. Saratovsky. Kufarira pakati pevateereri kwakakurumidza kuramba. Oksana Andreevna akanzwa kudikanwa kwekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekutaura zvakanyanya. Aidawo dzidzo yakakomba uye yakarongeka, saka akaenda kuKyiv. Uye muna 1924 akava mudzidzi Vocal fakaroti State Music uye Drama Institute. N. Lysenko.
Tour
Zvadaro, Oksana Petrusenko akakokwa kuimba yemitambo "Sower". Zvisinei, muna 1926 akadzokera zvakare kuimba yake yemitambo, inotungamirirwa naI. L. Saratovsky. Pano aiwanzosangana naCoryphaeus weUkraine yemitambo P. K. Saksagansky, uyo akauya pano pakushanya. Mutambi mukuru akatarisa nekufarira basa remudiki Oksana, akamuraira, uye akazivisa zvakavanzika zvehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwechokwadi.
Muna 1926-1927. theatre yaI. L. Saratovsky yakatenderera mumaguta makuru paVolga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, etc. Kwaari, iyi ndiyo muedzo mutsva wemasimba ekusika. MuSaratov, Oksana Andreevna aiva nemisangano inofadza nenyanzvi dzeimba ye opera. Mumwe wavo ndiye akakurumbira conductor Ya. A. Posen, wechipiri ndiye operatic tenor M. E. Medvedev. Vese Medvedev naPosen vanhu vanonyima nekurumbidza uye vasingakwanisi kupa rumbidzo. Asi, vachiteerera Oksana Andreevna mumitambo yakawanda, vanyori havana kurega manzwiro avo kana kurumbidza patarenda rake. Vakarayira Petrusenko kuti aende kunzvimbo ye opera, kwaaigona kuratidza hupfumi hwezwi rinoshanda.
Oksana Petrusenko: Opera Basa
Munguva yekushanya kwemitambo muKazan, Oksana Petrusenko akagamuchira kupiwa kwehutungamiri hweKazan Opera Theatre kuti aimbe chikamu cheOksana mu opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Mushure mekubudirira kwekutanga, akapinda mutheater.
Kubva panguva iyoyo yakatanga "opera" nguva yemitambo yemitambo yaPetrusenko. Zvakaguma nekudzokera kwake kuUkraine nhanho seyakatozivikanwa tenzi weopera. Kuzivana kwaOksana Andreevna nemuimbi V. D. Moskalenko ndewenguva yeKazan, yaakaroorana naye munguva pfupi. Pakutanga, V. D. Moskalenko akabatsira zvikuru muimbi muzvidzidzo zvake zvenzwi.
Kubva 1927 kusvika 1929 Oksana Andreevna akaimba akawanda akasiyana opera zvikamu padanho Kazan. Pakati pavo paiva nezvikamu zveAida kubva kuopera Aida (D. Verdi). Pamwe naLisa naTatyana kubva kumitambo The Queen of Spades naEugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), nezvimwewo Kubva 1929-1931. mutambi akaita pachikuva Sverdlovsk Opera.
Muna 1931, mutambi akatamira kuSamara, kwaakashanda kuimba yeOpera kusvika 1934. Repertoire yemuimbi yaisanganisira nhamba yakakosha yemabasa kubva kumitambo yekare uye yeRussia. Muimbi weUkraine Drama Theatre akava muimbi nyanzvi. Kuchinja kwaOksana Andreevna kuenda kuUkraine opera nhanho kwaive kwakasikwa uye kuri pamutemo.
Muna 1934, guta guru reUkraine rakatamiswa kubva kuKharkov kuenda kuKyiv. Uye mauto akanakisa ehunyanzvi eUkraine akakwezvwa kuimba yeopera, Oksana Petrusenko akakokwawo pano. Kuita kwake kwekutanga muOpera Aida (D. Verdi) akabva asarudza nzvimbo huru yemuimbi mutsva muboka remitambo.
Kuzivikanwa uye kubudirira
Musi waMay 12, 1935, makore makumi manomwe neshanu ekuzvarwa kwake akapembererwa mumhepo yemafaro paKiev Opera House. Uye zvakare yemakore makumi mashanu echiitiko chekugadzira cheP.K. Saksagansky. Mhemberero iyi yegore negore ine zvayaireva uye zvokufananidzira. Muimbi ane mukurumbira akaita seari kupfuudza baton yekugadzira kune wechidiki wekuUkraine opera imba. Mabasa ekutanga uye echitatu e opera Natalka Poltavka akaratidzwa manheru ekuyeuka.
Basa raVozny rakaitwa naP. K. Saksagansky uye A. M. Buchma, basa raNatasha rakaitwa naM. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut naO. A. Petrusenko, basa raVyborny rakaitwa naM. I. Donets uye I. S. Patorzhinsky. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, zita raOksana Andreevna Petrusenko rakapenya pedyo nemazita evatenzi vakakurumbira veUkraine opera scene.
Pasati papera makore gumi apfuura kubva pakasikwa Kyiv Opera House, apo muna March 10 boka rechidiki rakaratidza kubudirira kweunyanzvi hweSoviet Ukraine mumakore gumi ekutanga muMoscow. VaKievans vakaratidza maitiro matatu pachikuva cheBolshoi Theater: "The Cossack mhiri kweDanube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) uye "The Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov) . Muimbi weOpera akabatikana mumakonzati matatu - muzvikamu zveDaria, Natalia naKupava, zvakasiyana hunhu. Mutambi akapiwa mukana wekuratidza tarenda rake rakapfuma padanho uye kugona kutaura.
Kuzivikanwa kwenyanzvi
Kutamba kwemuimbi mumitambo yemazuva gumi kwakakwezva kutarisisa kwenharaunda yemimhanzi kwaari. Akava muenzi anogamuchirwa muhoro yekonzati yeLeningrad, Moscow nemamwe maguta. Utungamiri hweBolshoi Theatre hwakapa Oksana Andreevna kuti aende kunzvimbo yeMoscow. Asi mushure mekuzengurira, akasarudza kusasiya Kiev yemitambo, iyo yaakanzwa yakabatana nayo.
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, mutambi wenhau anozivikanwa akashanda. Akagadzirira mabasa matsva anoverengeka, aisanganisira: Leah ari muOpera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), Lushka muOpera Mhandara Ivhu rakasimudzwa (I. Dzerzhinsky) uye Natalya mune opera Kupinda Dutu (T. Khrennikova). Muimbi wacho akapa makonti muDonbass, mumafoni emitambo mumaguta eUkraine. Muimbi ane predilection yakakosha akabatsira kuvandudzwa kwemitambo yevana amateur uye mitambo yeamateur yeuto reSoviet.
Akaramba achikurukura nevaimbi vane mukurumbira, achiimba nziyo dzavo achida. Nyanzvi iyi yaigara ichishanya kuchikwata chevanyori. Panguva yerwendo rwekuparadzira kuWestern Ukraine muna 1939, Oksana akaimba akafuridzirwa rwiyo "Ukraine Yangu, Ukraine" (mimhanzi - D. Pokrass, mazwi - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Iyo yakagadzirwa yakave yakakurumbira, vanhu vakada kuita kwayo pamakonsati ese. Oksana Andreevna akaiimba asina kuperekedzwa pamusangano wekupedzisira wePeople's Assembly muLvov. Ikoko kwakasarudzwa kubatanidza Western Ukraine neUkraine SSR.
Kufa kwemuimbi
Makonzati ekupedzisira eiyo opera diva isingaenzaniswi yakaitika muLvov, uko muna June 1940 iyo Theatre yeOpera uye Ballet yakatumidzwa zita rake. T. G. Shevchenko weguta reKyiv.
Musi waJuly 15, 1940, hupenyu hwaOksana Petrusenko hwakangoerekana hwapera. Nhumbu yechipiri yemuimbi yakamuuraya. Pana July 8, 1940, muKyiv, akabereka mwanakomana, Alexander, uye akafa kamwe kamwe vhiki imwe gare gare. Iyo yepamutemo vhezheni ivhavha yeropa iyo kamwe kamwe "yakaputika". Paive nerunyerekupe rwekuti honzeri yerufu yaive muchetura. Mudzimai waMarshal Timoshenko, uyo akafarira muimbi uye aida kuenda naye kuMoscow, akapa chiokomuhomwe mukoti, achitya kuti murume wake aizomusiya.
Oksana Petrusenko: Zvinofadza chokwadi
Apo shamwari dzake nevatsigiri vakanzi vavengi vevanhu, mutungamiriri weimba yemitambo, Yanovsky, panguva yekubvunzurudzwa, akati Oksana Petrusenko akanga achienda kuItaly. Uye pamwe kwete chete pakushanya. Mhosva iyi yaibva yatosvora. Oksana akasarudza kusamirira zuva rake rekuparadzwa. Akatora tambo ndokugadzira loop. Mumwe wake Alla akamuwana akasungirirwa muhuro. Begichev. Pausiku humwe chetehwo, vakadzi vaviri vakaenda muchivande kuMoscow. Pane shanduro iyo Voroshilov akadzivirira muimbi wake anodiwa. Akadzorerwa kubasa.
Pasinei negodo revasikana vane dzidzo, pakanga pasina zvigaro muhoro pamitambo pamwe nekutora chikamu kwaPetrusenko. Iyo opera diva yaive shamwari naPavel Tychina, Maxim Rylsky, Vladimir Sosiura. Akaitwa tsigiro yeaimbozivikanwa muimbi Ekaterina Bilokur. Akagamuchira postcard kubva kuna Stalin. Haana kubvuma kukokwa kutamira kuMoscow uye kuva soloist weBolshoi Theater.
Nguva yeUkraine yenzira yakaoma yekugadzira yaOksana Petrusenko yakanga isiri nyore - kubwinya kwenyika ine ngozi huru. Panguva iyoyo, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko akarayira dunhu rinokosha remauto muKyiv. Hazvigoneki kuti akanga ari mutambi wemitambo chaiye. Munguva dzaStalin, pane tsika mubato revakuru - kusarudza madzimai pakati pevaimbi kana vatambi. Ipapo Marshal Timoshenko aigara pedyo Oksana Petrusenko. Paiva nemaruva emaruva matsvuku, kutarisa kwerudo nguva dzose kubva kune vateereri. Hapana ruzivo rwekuti nyanzvi yakabvuma kupfimbana nemukuru wemauto.
Pasinei netarenda uye zita guru, Oksana Petrusenko akaramba ari mukadzi ari nyore uye akatendeseka. Akazivisa pasirese tarenda raEkaterina Bilokur. Muimbi wepakutanga, anzwa rwiyo rwevanhu rwakaitwa naOksana Petrusenko paredhiyo, akamunyorera tsamba achikumbira rubatsiro, kusanganisira akati wandei emifananidzo yake. Oksana akapa tsamba iyi kune nyanzvi dzeCentral House yeFolk Art. Uye komisheni yakauya kuna Ekaterina Bilokur, uye mushure mechinguva Paris akanga atofarira mifananidzo yake.
Mariro
Musi waChikunguru 17, 1940, mudungwe wemariro wakatora makiromita akati wandei. Oksana Petrusenko akavigwa pamakuva eBaykove muKyiv, pedyo nechechi. Paakabudiswa kunze kweimba yeopera pazuva remariro, Kyiv akasangana naye nekuombera kukuru, sepaupenyu hwake. Mhomho yehukuru husina kumboitika yakatevera folk prima donna kumakuva eBaikove mumafungu makuru. Iyo "Ukrainian Nightingale" yakanyarara, uye nhaurirano nemakakatanwa zvakaenderera. Muna 2010, pafacade Sevastopol Academic Russian Drama Theater. Lunacharsky, dombo rekurangarira rakavhurwa. Mukati memwedzi miviri yakapwanywa nevaparadzi.
