Mykola Lysenko akaita mupiro usingarambiki mukusimudzira tsika yeUkraine. Lysenko akaudza nyika yose pamusoro pekunaka kwekuimba kwevanhu, akaratidza kukwanisa kwemimhanzi yemunyori, uye akamira pamavambo ekugadzirwa kwemitambo yemitambo yenyika yake. Muimbi aive mumwe wevakatanga kududzira Shevchenko's Kobzar uye zvine mutsindo akaita gadziriro dzenziyo dzechiUkraine.
Hudiki hwaMaestro
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwemunyori ndiKurume 22, 1842. Akazvarwa mumusha muduku Grinki (Poltava nharaunda). Maestro akatanhamara aibva kumhuri yekare yeCossack foromani Lysenko. Mukuru wemhuri aive nechinzvimbo chemukuru, uye amai vake vaibva kumhuri yevaridzi.
Vabereki vaida kupa vana vavo dzidzo yakanaka. Kwete amai vake chete, asiwo mudetembi anozivikanwa Fet aiita zvechikoro Nikolai. Aitaura mitauro yakawanda yokumwe, uye kunze kwaizvozvo, aifarira chaizvo mimhanzi.
Amai vacho pavakaona kuti mwanakomana wavo anotya mimhanzi, vakakoka mudzidzisi wemimhanzi kumba. Akanga asina hanya nenhetembo dzeUkraine. Mudetembi aidiwa naLysenko aiva Taras Shevchenko. Aiziva nhetembo dzakakurumbira dzeTaras Grigorievich nemoyo.
Mykola aida chaizvo nziyo dzechiUkraine. Ambuya vake vaiwanzoimba nziyo dzenziyo kumba, izvo zvakabatsira mukuvandudza nzeve yaLysenok yemimhanzi.
Apedza chikoro chepamba, Nikolai akatamira kuKyiv. Kuno jaya racho rakafunda mudzimba dzebhodhingi dzinoverengeka. Kazhinji, zvidzidzo zveLysenko zvaive nyore.
Nikolay Lysenko: Makore ehuduku
Muna 1855 akava mudzidzi yakakurumbira Kharkov Gymnasium. Makore mashomanana gare gare, akapedza kudzidza kubva kuchikoro chedzidzo ane menduru yesirivha. Munguva iyi yenguva, anoshingaira kuita zvemimhanzi. Panharaunda yeKharkov, aizivikanwa semuimbi anovimbisa.
Airidza mimhanzi kumabhora nemapati. Lysenko neunyanzvi akaita mabasa nevanyori vakakurumbira vekunze kune vateereri vanoda. Nikolai haana kukanganwa nezvekuvandudza padingindira reMadiki Russian folk melodies. Kunyange zvakadaro, akafunga nezvebasa remuimbi uye munyori wenziyo.
Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kugymnasium, akava mudzidzi paKharkov Imperial University, achizvisarudzira fakaroti yezvidzidzo zvesayenzi. Imwe nguva gare gare, vabereki vake vakatamira Kiev. Nikolai akamanikidzwa kutamira kuyunivhesiti yeko. Akapedza chikoro muna 1864. Kwapera gore, akagamuchira PhD mune zvakasikwa sainzi.
Pfungwa yokuwana dzidzo yemimhanzi haina kumusiya kwenguva refu. Makore matatu gare gare, akasarudza kupinda Leipzig Conservatory. Yeuka kuti panguva iyoyo nzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu yainzi ndiyo yakanakisa dzidzo muEurope. Yakanga iri mukati memadziro esangano iri paakaona kuti zvakakosha sei kunyora mimhanzi yake nemumvuri wetsika yake, uye kwete kungotevedzera mabasa evatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika.
Nikolai akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory nerukudzo. Pashure paizvozvo, akasarudza kudzokera Kiev. Akapa guta iri makumi mana emakore. Aiita zvekuumba nziyo, kudzidzisa uye zvemagariro zviitiko. Kwemakore mashomanana chete akamanikidzwa kuenda kuguta guru retsika reRussia kuitira kuti awedzere unyanzvi hwake mumunda we symphonic instrumentation. Pakupera kwema70s, maestro akatora chinzvimbo semudzidzisi wepiyano kuInstitute of Noble Maidens.
Mupiro kuUkraine tsika
Muna 1904, hope dzemaestro dzakazadzika. Chokwadi ndechekuti akatanga chikoro chemimhanzi uye dhirama. Yeuka kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga sangano redzidzo munharaunda yeUkraine, iyo yakapa dzidzo yepamusoro yemimhanzi pasi pechirongwa chekuchengetedza.
Iyo maestro yakashanda mumhando dzakawanda dzemimhanzi. Akanyanya kutarisisa kugadziridzwa kwenziyo dzechiUkraine. Tsarist policy, iyo panguva iyoyo yaipisa munharaunda yeUkraine, haina kutadzisa munyori kuti aite nzvimbo maererano nemamiriro emutauro wake mukugadzira mimhanzi. Mune repertoire ye maestro, basa rimwe chete rakanyorwa muchiRussia.
Pakati pemabasa emumhanzi anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya operas Taras Bulba, Natalka Poltavka uye Aeneid. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti basa rake rakakonzerwa nemabasa eShevchenko. Anofanirwa kunzi "baba" vemimhanzi yechiUkraine. Basa rinokosha munyaya iyi rakatambidzwa kwete chete nekunyora, asiwo ne ethnographic.
Nekuda kwekuti akaedza kusimudzira mutauro wechiUkraine, akatambudzwa nevamiriri veRussia vezviremera zvetsarist. Nikolai akasungwa kakawanda, asi vakuru vakuru vakanga vasina chikonzero chimwe chete chokuchengeta munyori wacho mujeri.
Vanyori vehupenyu vanoti chinangwa chaLysenko muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika kwaive kutungamirira vanhu vekuUkraine vari nyore kubva muhurombo hwakakwana nerima, kupinda munyika yakakura uye yakakura yeEurope.
Sezvineiwo, iyo Maestro's Ukrainian Suite ndiyo yekutanga chidimbu chemumhanzi wakanyatso sanganisa tsika dzekutamba dzeEuropean uye hunyanzvi hwechiUkraine. Mabasa aLysenko zvino anonzwika munzvimbo dzakanakisa dzemitambo munyika.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemaestro Nikolai Lysenko
Hupenyu hwega hwemaestro hunogona kunzi hunonakidza uye hune chiitiko. Sezvo Lysenko akanga asiri munhu wokupedzisira muKyiv, vamiririri vevakadzi vasina simba vaimufarira.
Teklya ndiye musikana wokutanga akanyura mumweya wake. Nenzira, kwete Nikolai chete akawira murudo nekunaka kweUkraine, asiwo mukoma wake. Vechidiki havana kurwira musikana wake. Gare gare, munyori akatsaurira chidimbu chemimhanzi kuna Tekla.
Mumwe maestro akakurumbira akatungamirira musikana anonzi Olga O'Connor pasi. MuUkraine, mumwe musikana nemhuri yake vakaguma pakarepo mushure mekupinda kweNapoleon. Nenzira, akanga asina kusiyana nevasikana vekuUkraine, Irish nemavambo.
Aiva mudiki kuna Nikolai nemakore masere, uyezve aiva muzukuru wake. Aiva nezwi rine simba resoprano. Vaviri vakachata muna 1868, uye vakaenda vese kuLeipzig. Panzvimbo itsva, Olga akatora zvidzidzo zvezwi. Gare gare akapedza kudzidza kuSt. Petersburg Conservatory uye akaita zvikamu zvenzwi munziyo dzomurume wake. Paakatanga kunetseka nenzwi rake, aidzidzisa kuimba.
Zvakazoitika kuti kurasikirwa kwezwi hakusi dambudziko guru. Olga akatambura nechirwere chepfungwa. Akanga ane kuchinja kwezvinyamusi, akatambura nokuora mwoyo, uye mugariro wake waiwanzova wakasuruvara zvikuru kupfuura kunaka. Nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi, mukadzi aisakwanisa kuita vana. Olga naNikolai, pashure pemakore 12 vakaroorana, vakasarudza kupararira, kunyange zvazvo kurambana kwepamutemo hakuna kuitika. Ipapo kuparara kweroorano kwaida nhamburiko yakawanda uye nguva kubva kumukwanyina.
Nenguva isipi akasangana nebrunette inofadza inonzi Olga Lipskaya. Vechidiki vakasangana pane imwe konzati yeLysenko muChernigov. Mukadzi akarova muimbi nerunako rwake. Mukuwedzera, akaimba uye akadhirowa zvakanaka kwazvo. Nikolai achadana musikana wacho "ruoko rworudyi".
Nikolai Lysenko: Hupenyu nemukadzi wehurumende uye rudo rutsva
Vaive nehukama hwakaoma. Olga akasiya kukura kwebasa rake uye, sokunge zvakadaro, akanga ari mumumvuri weakakurumbira Lysenko. Akazvisarudzira kwete iyo yainyanya kufarisa munhukadzi. Olga aisagona kuva pamutemo mudzimai Nikolai, uye kunyange kuti abereke mwana kubva maestro, aifanira kutiza Kiev.
Olga akazvitsaurira Lysenko kwemakore makumi maviri. Haana kumutora semukadzi wepamutemo, asi neimwe nzira, akamuberekera vana 20. Maiwe, vashanu chete ndivo vakapona. Mukadzi akafa mukusununguka kwake kwekupedzisira. Panguva iyoyo, akashinga kunyora mabasa emimhanzi, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisinganzwisisike, mukadzi uyu haana kupa chero chinyorwa.
Akanga atova nemakore anopfuura 60 paakatanga kudanana zvakare. Panguva ino, akasarudza musikana aiva muduku kwaari nemakore 45. Maestro haana kunyara zvachose nemusiyano mukuru wezera.
Akadanana nemudzidzi wake, ainzi Inna. Hwaiva hukama hunoshamisa muhupenyu hwake hwese. Vabereki vemusikana havana kubvumirana neukama, uye musikana pachake haana kumbotsunga kugara pamwe chete, asi akaramba achipedza nguva naLysenko.
Cherechedza kuti vana vose vaLysenko vakatevera mumakwara ababa vavo vakakurumbira. Vakasarudza basa rekugadzira ivo pachavo. Mwanakomana wegotwe, ainzi Taras, aionekwa somwana ane tarenda. Jaya racho rairidza zvinenge zviridzwa zvose.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezve maestro
- Munguva yekubviswa kwe serfdom, mhuri yake yakapfuma yakaparara. Asi, neimwe nzira, Lysenko akakwanisa kuwana hupenyu hwakanaka. Nezviyero izvozvo, akararama zvakapfuma, asi haana kumbobvira aunganidza mari.
- Nhasi, vazukuru veUkraine classic vari vapenyu mumitsara mitatu: Ostap, Galina uye Maryana. Mhuri inokudza ndangariro yehama yakakurumbira.
- Mikhail Staritsky, uyo akanyora "Chasing Two Hares", ndiye muzukuru wechipiri waNikolai.
- Akanyora polka yake yekutanga pazera remakore gumi.
- Hupenyu hwake hwese aiita bhizimusi rekwaya.
- Mushure mekufa kwaaigara naye Olga, Lysenko akakumbira murume wake wepamutemo kuti anyorese vana vese.
Kufa kwemuimbi wekuUkraine Nikolai Lysenko
Akafa kamwe kamwe. Vaiva naye vakanga vaziva kare kuti airwadziwa nekurwadziwa munharaunda yemoyo. Pana October 24, 1912, akanga ava kuda kuenda kuchikoro. Asi upenyu hwakaita gadziridzo dzahwo humene. Akaita heart attack. Hafu yeawa gare gare, munyori akanga aenda.
Mutumbi wemaestro wakavigwa chete pazuva rechishanu mushure mekufa kwake. Mutumbi wemunyori unozorora pamakuva eBaikove. Chiverengero chisiri chechokwadi chavanhu chakaungana nokuda kwamariro. Idzi dzaive hama, shamwari uye vanoyemura basa raLysenko.
