Niccolò Paganini akave nemukurumbira sevirtuoso violinist uye munyori. Vaiti Satani anotamba nemaoko e shasha. Paakatora chiridzwa chacho mumaoko ake, zvose zvakamupoteredza zvakamira.
Vakararama panguva yaPaganini vakakamurwa kuva misasa miviri. Vamwe vaiti vakatarisana neshasha chaiyo. Vamwe vakati Niccolò igororo rakajairika rakakwanisa kugonesa veruzhinji kuti ane tarenda.
Iyo yekugadzira biography uye hupenyu hwepauzima hwaNiccolò Paganini vane zvakawanda zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika. Aive munhu aihwanda uye aisada kukurukura nezvehupenyu hwake.
Ubwana uye huduku
Muimbi ane mukurumbira Niccolò Paganini akaberekwa muna 1782 mumhuri ine urombo. Vabereki vainetsekana zvikuru nezveutano hwomwana achangoberekwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti akazvarwa nguva isati yakwana. Vana chiremba havana kupa mukana wekuti mwana ararame. Asi chishamiso chakaitika. Mukomana asati azvarwa haana kungopora chete, asi akafadza mhuri nehunyanzvi hwake.
Pakutanga, mukuru wemhuri aishanda pachiteshi chengarava, asi gare gare akazarura chitoro chake amene. Amai vakapira upenyu hwavo hwose mukurera vana. Zvakanzi rimwe zuva mumwe mukadzi akarota ngirozi yakamuudza kuti mwanakomana wake aiva neramangwana rakanaka pakuimba. Paakaudza murume wake nezvehope dzacho, haana kumbokoshesa.
Ndibaba vake vakaisa muNiccolo rudo rwemimhanzi. Aiwanzoridza mandolin uye kuita mimhanzi nevana. Paganini Jr. haana kutakurwa nechiridzwa ichi. Ainyanya kufarira kuridza violin.
Niccolo paakakumbira baba vake kuti vamudzidzise kuridza violin, akabva angobvuma. Pashure pechidzidzo chekutanga, mukomana akatanga kuridza chiridzwa chemimhanzi nehunyanzvi.
Uduku hwaPaganini hwakapfuura mukuoma. Baba vake pavakaona kuti mukomana wacho airidza violin zvakanaka, vakamumanikidza kuti agare achidzidzira. Niccolo akatotiza makirasi, asi baba vake vakatora matanho akaomarara - vakamunyima chikafu. Zvidzidzo zveviolin zvinonetesa zvakakurumidza kuita kuti vanzwe. Paganini Jr. akatanga catalepsy. Vana chiremba pavakasvika pamba paNiccolò, vakazivisa vabereki nezverufu rwemwanakomana wavo. Baba namai vakarwadziwa moyo vakatanga kugadzirira mariro.
Kutendeuka kusingatarisirwi
Chishamiso chakaitika pamariro - Niccolo akamuka akagara mubhokisi rehuni. Zvainzi paive nenhamba huru yekufenda pamariro. Paganini paakapora, baba vacho vakapazve mwanakomana wavo chiridzwa chacho. Chokwadi, zvino mukomana akanga asiri kudzidza nehama, asi nomudzidzisi nyanzvi. Akadzidziswa zvemimhanzi naFrancesca Gnecco. Panguva imwecheteyo, akanyora rwiyo rwake rwekutanga. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwesonata ye violin, aingova nemakore masere chete.
Mutaundi repurovhinzi umo Niccolo akapedza huduku hwake, pakanga pane makuhwa kuti nyanzvi yemimhanzi chaiyo yakanga ichirerwa mumhuri yePaganini. Mutambi anonyanya kukosha weguta akaziva nezveizvi. Akashanyira pamba paPaganini kuti abvise makuhwa aya. Giacomo Costa paakanzwa tarenda rechidiki richitamba, akafara. Akapedza mwedzi mitanhatu kuendesa ruzivo rwake uye unyanzvi kumukomana.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Niccolò Paganini
Makirasi naGiacomo akabatsira chaizvo mudiki. Haana kungopfumisa ruzivo rwake chete, asiwo akasangana nevamwe vaimbi vane tarenda. Mukugadzira biography yePaganini pakanga pane danho rekuita konzati.
Muna 1794, chiitiko chekutanga chaNicolo chakaitika. Debut yakaitika padanho repamusoro. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, Marquis Giancarlodi Negro akafarira muimbi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti aive fan of classical music. Apo marquis akaziva nezvechigaro chePaganini uye nezvemamiriro ezvinhu apo "dhaimani" rakadaro rinonyangarika, akatora jaya pasi pebapiro rake.
The Marquis aifarira kuenderera mberi kwewadhi yake ine tarenda. Nokudaro, akabhadhara mukomana wezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvakadzidziswa ne cellist Gasparo Ghiretti. Akakwanisa kudzidzisa Paganini imwe nzira inokosha yekunyora nziyo. Nzira yacho yakanga isingabatanidzi kushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Pasi pekutungamirwa naGaspard, maestro akagadzira makontikiti akati wandei eviolin uye akati wandei fugues epiyano.
Danho idzva mubasa remunyori Niccolò Paganini
Muna 1800, danho idzva rekugadzira biography re maestro rakatanga. Akashanda pakunyora zvinyorwa zvakakomba, izvo zvakazowedzera kune rondedzero yepasirese hits. Akabva aita makonzati akati wandei muParma, achibva akokwa kumuzinda waDuke Ferdinand weBourbon.
Musoro wemhuri, uyo akaona kuti simba remwanakomana wake raisimbisa, akasarudza kushandisa tarenda rake. Kumwanakomana wake, akaronga konzati yakakura muNorthern Italy.
Dzimba dzaitaurwa naPaganini dzakanga dzakazara. Vagari vanoremekedzwa veguta vakauya kukonzati yaNiccolo kuti vazonzwa kuridza violin yake yakanaka. Yakanga iri nguva yakaoma muhupenyu hwemaestro. Nekuda kwekushanya kwacho ainge aneta. Asi, pasinei nokunyunyuta kwose, baba vacho vakaomerera kuti rwendo rwacho rurege kumira.
Mukati meiyi nhambo yenguva, munyori akanga ane rudungwe rwakabatikana zvikuru rwokushanya, uye akagadzirawo hunyanzvi capriccios. "Caprice No. 24", iyo yakanyorwa naPaganini, yakaita shanduko munyika yemimhanzi yeviolin. Nekuda kwezvinyorwa, vanhu vakaratidza mifananidzo yakajeka. Imwe neimwe diki yakaitwa naNicolo yaive yakakosha. Mabasa acho aimutsa manzwiro akasiyana-siyana mumuteereri.
Muimbi wacho aida rusununguko. Baba vake vakaganhurira zvishuvo zvake, naizvozvo akasarudza kusataura naye. Panguva iyi mhanza yakasekerera nyanduri. Akapiwa basa rekutanga violinist muna Lucca. Akabvuma nomufaro, nokuti ainzwisisa kuti nzvimbo yacho yaizobatsira kuva kure nomusoro wemhuri.
Akatsanangura ndima iyi kubva muupenyu hwake mundangariro dzake. Paganini akarondedzera nomufaro zvokuti akanga ava kutanga upenyu hwokuzvimirira zvokuti hapana akapanikira kutendeseka kwake. Kurarama akazvimiririra kwaive nemhedzisiro yakanaka pabasa rake. Zvikurukuru, makonzati aifarira zvikuru. Panewo shanduko dzakaitika muupenyu hwangu. Paganini akatanga kubhejera, kufamba uye kuita zvebonde.
Hupenyu muma1800s
Muna 1804 akadzokera kuGenoa. Munyika yake yekare, akanyora violin uye gitare sonatas. Mushure mekuzorora kwenguva pfupi, akaenda zvakare kumuzinda waFelice Baciocchi. Makore mana gare gare, munyori akamanikidzwa kutamira kuFlorence pamwe chete nevamwe vese vedare. Akapedza makore anenge 7 ari mumuzinda. Asi pasina nguva Paganini akaziva kuti aiita seaiva mujeri. Uye akasarudza kusiya "golden cage".
Akasvika kumuzinda akapfeka semukuru wemauto. Paakakumbirwa noruremekedzo kuti achinje mbatya dzenguva dzose, akaramba noushingi. Saka, hanzvadzi yaNapoleon yakadzinga Paganini mumuzinda. Panguva iyoyo, mauto eNapoleon akakundwa nemauto eRussia, saka hunyengeri hwakadaro hwaNiccolo hunogona kudhura kusungwa, kuurayiwa kwakanyanya.
Muimbi wacho akatamira kuMilan. Akashanyira yemitambo "La Scala". Ikoko akaona mutambo we "The Wedding of Benevento". Akakurudzirwa kwazvo nezvaakaona zvokuti manheru mamwe chete akagadzira misiyano yeviolin yeorchestra.
Muna 1821 akamanikidzwa kumisa basa rake rekonzati. Hurwere hwamaestro hwakawedzera. Akanzwa kuuya kwerufu. Naizvozvo akakumbira amai vake kuti vauye kuti vazoonekana naye. Mukadzi wacho paakauya kuNicolo, haana kukwanisa kuziva mwanakomana wake. Akaedza chaizvo kugadzirisa utano hwake. Amai vakaenda naPaganini kuPavia. Muridzi weviolin akarapwa naCiro Borda. Chiremba akaraira chikafu che maestro uye akakwiza mercury-based mafuta muganda.
Sezvo mushonga panguva iyoyo wakanga usina kuvandudzwa, chiremba akanga asingazivi kuti murwere wake ainetseka nezvirwere zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubatwa kwacho kwakamubatsira. Muimbi akapora zvishoma, uye chikosoro chete chakasara na maestro kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Hazvigone kutaurwa kuti Niccolo aive murume akakurumbira. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kumudzivisa kuva musimboti wengwariro yevakadzi. Nechekare pazera remakore makumi maviri, Paganini aiva nemukadzi wemwoyo, uyo, mushure memakonzati, akatora jaya racho kunzvimbo yake kuti awane mafaro enyama.
Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi ndiye musikana wechipiri uyo asina kungoba moyo we maestro ndokuva museum wake, asi akaunza Paganini pedyo nemuzinda. Ukama pakati pevechiduku hwagara husina kumira zvakanaka. Pasinei neizvi, chido chaiva pakati pavo hachikwanisi "kugadzikana". Musikana wacho akafuridzira munyori kuti aumbe "Caprice No. 24" mumhepo imwe chete. Muzvidzidzo, maestro akaratidza manzwiro aakanzwa kuna Eliza - kutya, kurwadziwa, ruvengo, rudo, chido uye kuzvidzwa.
Pakapera hukama naEriza, akaenderera mberi nerwendo. Mushure mekuita, Paganini akasangana naAngelina Kavanna. Aive zvake mwanasikana wemusoni. Angelina paakaziva kuti Paganini akanga achiuya kuguta, akapinda muhoro ndokupinda nechekumashure. Akati akanga agadzirira kubhadhara munyori wacho usiku hwaakapedza ainaye. Asi Niccolo haana kutora mari kubva kumukadzi uyu. Aimuda. Musikana akatiza mudiwa wake kune rimwe guta, asina kana kuzivisa baba vake nezvechinangwa chake. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, zvakazoitika kuti akanga achitarisira mwana.
Mushure mokunge Niccolo aziva kuti mukadzi wake akanga achitarisira mwana, akaita chisarudzo chisina kunaka. Muimbi akatumira musikana kuna baba vake. Mukuru wemhuri akapomera Paganini kutsveyamisa mwanasikana wake uye akamhan’arira. Pakanga pane nyaya, Angelina akakwanisa kubereka mwana, asi nokukurumidza mwana achangoberekwa akafa. Niccolo aifanira kubhadhara mhuri mari yekubhadhara kukanganisa kwetsika.
Kuberekwa kwemudyi wenhaka
Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, akaonekwa muukama neanoyevedza Antonia Bianca. Hwaiva hukama husinganzwisisike. Mukadzi aigara achinyenga murume ane varume vakanaka. Uye haana kuvanza. Akatsanangura maitiro ake nekuti Paganini aigara achirwara, uye aisave nehanya nemurume. Niccolo akaitawo bonde nevanhukadzi vakanaka. Kune vakawanda, chakaramba chisingazivikanwi kuti chii chakaita kuti vaviri ava varambe vari pamwe chete.
Nenguva isipi, dangwe rakazvarwa nemudiwa. Panguva iyoyo, akarota mugari wenhaka, saka Paganini akabvuma ruzivo pamusoro pamuviri uye kuberekwa kwomwana nechido chikuru. Pakaberekwa mwanakomana wake, Niccolo akapinda mubasa. Aida kupa mwana zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa kuti avepo. Apo mwanakomana aiva nemakore 3 okuberekwa, vabereki vake vakaparadzana. Paganini akawana kodzero yekuchengeta mwana kuburikidza nematare.
Maestro's biographers vanoti rudo rukuru rwaPaganini rwaiva Eleanor de Luca. Akadanana nomukadzi achiri muduku, asi haana kukwanisa kuramba akatendeka kwaari. Niccolo akaenda, uyezve akadzokera kuna Eleanor. Akagamuchira mudiwa ane ruchiva, kunyange akanga akatendeka kwaari.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezvemunyori Niccolò Paganini
- Akanga ari mumwe wevaimbi vakavanzika zvikuru uye vanyori venguva iyoyo. Niccolo haana kugovera zvakavanzika zvekuridza violin nemunhu wese. Akanga asina vana vechikoro uye akaedza kuita kuti shamwari dzake dzirambe dziri kure. Zvainzi aigara pachikuva chete.
- Zvinozivikanwa kuti Paganini aiva murume anobhejera zvikuru. Mutambo uyu wakamunakidza zvekuti aigona kurasikirwa nemari yakawanda.
- Vaaigara navo vakati akaita dhiri naSatan. Runyerekupe urwu rwakaunza mamwe fungidziro dzakawanda dzisina musoro. Zvose zvakatungamirira kukuti Paganini akarambidzwa kutamba mumachechi.
- Aifarira kuita nharo. Pane imwe nguva maestro akaita nharo kuti aikwanisa kuridza tambo imwe chete. Chokwadi, akakunda nharo dzacho.
- Pachikuva, muimbi wacho akanga asingadzivisiki, asi muupenyu hwemazuva ose aiita zvinoshamisa. Paganini akavhiringidzwa zvikuru. Kazhinji akanganwa mazita, uyewo akavhiringidzika mazuva uye zviso.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemunyori Niccolò Paganini
Muna 1839 muimbi akasarudza kushanyira Genoa. Rwendo urwu rwakanga rusiri nyore kwaari. Chokwadi ndechekuti aiva neTB. Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, akatambura nekuzvimba kwepazasi uye chikosoro chakanyanya. Haana kumbobuda mumba umu. Chirwere ichi chakakanganisa hutano hwake. Akafa May 27, 1840. Panguva yerufu rwake, akanga akabata violin mumaoko ake.
Vashumiri vechechi havana kuda kuendesa mutumbi wemuimbi wacho panyika. Chikonzero cheizvi chaiva chokuti haana kureurura asati afa. Nokuda kweizvi, mutumbi wePaganini wakapiswa, uye mudzimai akatendeka wemwoyo, Eleanor de Luca, akabatanidzwa mukuvigwa kwemadota. Pane imwe vhezheni yemariro emutambi - mutumbi wemuimbi wakavigwa muVal Polcevere. Uye makore 19 gare gare, mwanakomana waPaganini akava nechokwadi chokuti mutumbi wababa vake wakavigwa pamakuva eParma.
