Muimbi ane mukurumbira uye muimbi wehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX akarangarirwa neveruzhinji pakonzati yake "The Four Seasons". Iyo yekusika biography yaAntonio Vivaldi yakazadzwa nenguva dzisingakanganwiki dzinoratidza kuti aive hunhu hwakasimba uye hwakasiyana-siyana.
Hudiki uye hudiki Antonio Vivaldi
Maestro anozivikanwa akaberekwa munaKurume 4, 1678 muVenice. Mukuru wemhuri aive mugeri. Mukuwedzera, akadzidza mimhanzi. Amai vakazvipira kurera vana. Baba vaiva neviolin, saka vakadzidza mimhanzi nemwanakomana wavo kubva achiri muduku.
Zvinofadza, izvi ndizvo - Antonio akaberekwa nguva isati yakwana. Nyamukuta akazvara mwana akarayira mukadzi kuti abhabhatidze mwana ipapo ipapo. Mukana wekuti mwana ararame waive mudiki.
Maererano nengano, mwana achangoberekwa akaonekwa zuva risati rasvika nekuda kwekuti kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakatanga muguta. Amai vakaita chitsidzo chekuti vaizopa mwanakomana wavo kuhufundisi zvechokwadi kana akararama. Chishamiso chakaitika. Mukomana wacho akapora, kunyange zvazvo akanga asati ambova noutano hwakanaka.
Gare gare zvakazoitika kuti Vivaldi anorwara neasthma. Zvaimuremera kufamba-famba, ndisingarevi zvekushanda nesimba. Mukomana wacho aida kudzidza kuridza zviridzwa zvinofuridza, asi makirasi akanga asingabvumirwi kwaari. Somugumisiro weizvi, Vivaldi akatora violin, iyo yaasina kurega kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake. Atova mukuyaruka, tarenda duku yakatora nzvimbo yababa vake muSt. Mark's Chapel.
Kubva pazera re13 aive nehupenyu hwakazvimirira. Akatanga kuwana mari yake. Vivaldi akawana basa semuchengeti wepagedhi. Akazarura uye akavhara masuo etemberi. Akabva aenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira mutemberi. Wechidiki akashumira Misa kamwe chete. Akabvumirwa kudzidza mimhanzi, sezvo hutano hwake hwepanyama hwakasiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa.
Iyi nguva yakaratidzwa nechokwadi chokuti vaprista vaigona kubatanidza basa raShe vakasununguka nokunyora nziyo namakonzati echitendero. Muzana ramakore reXVIII, iyo Venetian Republic yaive ingangoita guta guru retsika renyika. Yakanga iri pano iyo mabasa anogadzirisa toni yemimhanzi yeklasiki pasi rose yakagadzirwa.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Antonio Vivaldi
Atova nemakore makumi maviri, Vivaldi akanga ari muimbi ane chiremera uye munyori wemabasa akanaka. Chiremera chake chakanga chakakura kwazvo zvokuti pazera ramakore 20 akatora nzvimbo somudzidzisi muOspedale della Pietà. Muzana ramakore rechi 25, nzvimbo dzokuchengetera mhuka dzakanga dziri misha yenherera uko nherera dzaifunda nokugara.
Zvikoro zvevasikana zvine hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa vanhu. Ikoko vakapa ngwariro huru kufundo yenhamba dzenziyo nokuimba. Vakomana vakanga vakagadzirira kuti kana vapedza kudzidza vaizoshanda sevatengesi, saka vakadzidziswa masayenzi chaiwo.
Antonio akadzidzisa wadhi yake kuridza violin. Mukuwedzera, maestro akanyora concertos yekwaya uye nziyo dzezororo rechechi. Iye pachake akadzidzisa vasikana mazwi. Nenguva isipi akatora nzvimbo yemutungamiriri wenzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu. Munyori aikodzera nzvimbo iyi. Akaita zvose zvaaigona pakudzidzisa. Kwemakore ekushanda nesimba, Vivaldi akaumba makonsati anopfuura makumi matanhatu.
Munguva imwe cheteyo yenguva, maestro akave akakurumbira kure nemiganhu yenyika yake. Akaita muFrance muna 1706, uye makore mashoma gare gare mambo weDanish Frederick IV akateerera oratorio yemuimbi. Changamire akafadzwa zvikuru nekuita kwemaestro. Vivaldi yakatsaurira 12 inonakidza sonatas kuna Frederick.
Muna 1712, Vivaldi akasangana nemuimbi anozivikanwa zvakafanana Gottfried Stölzel. Akatamira kuMantua muna 1717. Maestro akabvuma kukokwa kubva kumukuru anoremekedzwa Philip weHesse-Darmstadt, uyo aiyemura zvikuru basa rake.
Kufemerwa kutsva
Muimbi wacho akawedzera pfungwa dzake ndokutanga kufarira opera yenyika. Nenguva isipi akapa kuruzhinji opera Otto muVilla, iyo yakarumbidza maestro kwete chete mudenderedzwa revanyori. Basa rake rakatanga kushingairira kufarira vanhu vepamusoro. Akaonekwa neimpresario nevatengi. Uye nokukurumidza akagamuchira murayiro kubva muridzi San Angelo Theater kuti agadzire opera itsva.
Vanyori venhoroondo youpenyu hwavo vanoti munyori wacho akanyora mitambo yeopera 90, asi nanhasi ichiri 40 chete. Mamwe emabhuku acho haana kusainwa nenyanzvi, saka pane kusava nechokwadi kuti ndiye munyori wenziyo dzacho.
Mushure mekuratidzwa kwemaopera akati wandei, Vivaldi akawana budiriro inoshamisa. Sezvineiwo, haana kugeza mumiranzi yekubwinya kwenguva refu. Haana kutsiviwa nezvidhori zvitsva. Nziyo dzemaestro dzakangobuda mufashoni.
Muna 1721 akashanyira ndima yeMilan. Ikoko akaratidza mutambo "Sylvia". Kwapera gore, maestro akapa kuruzhinji imwe oratorio padingindira reBhaibheri. Kubva 1722 kusvika 1725 aigara muRoma. Muimbi akaimba pamberi paPope. Panguva iyoyo, haasi munyori wose akapiwa rukudzo rwakadaro. Mundangariro dzake, Vivaldi akayeuka noushamwari nguva ino.
Iyo Peak yeKukurumbira kwaAntonio Vivaldi
Muna 1723-1724. akanyora makonsati akakurumbira ayo akazivikanwa nawo pasi rose. Tiri kutaura nezve kuumbwa kwe "Four Seasons". Iyo maestro yakazvipira nziyo kuchando, chirimo, chirimo uye matsutso. Yakanga iri makonzati aya akanga ari peak yebasa remaestro. Chimurenga chemabasa chiri pakuti muteereri nenzeve anonyatso kubata muzvinyorwa kuratidzwa kwemaitiro uye zviitiko zvinogara mune imwe mwaka.
Vivaldi akafamba zvakanyanya. Nenguva isipi akashanyira muzinda waCharles VI. Mutongi wacho aifarira mimhanzi yomunyori wacho, saka aida chaizvo kumuziva. Zvinoshamisa kuti paiva nemakonzati eushamwari pakati pamambo naVivaldi. Kubva zvino, maestro aigara achishanyira imba yaCharles.
Kuzivikanwa kwaVivaldi muVenice kwakakurumidza kuderera, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa nezveEurope. Panharaunda yenyika dzeEurope, kufarira kwebasa re maestro kwakatanga kuwedzera. Akanga ari muenzi anogamuchirwa mumizinda yose.
Akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake ari muurombo. Vivaldi akamanikidzwa kutengesa mabasa ake akanaka nepeni. MuVenice, akarangarirwa pane zvisingawanzoitiki. Pamba, hapana aifarira basa rake, saka akatamira kuVienna, pasi pebapiro remubatsiri wake Charles VI.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Vivaldi aiva mufundisi. Muimbi akaita mhiko yekusaroora, yaakachengeta muhupenyu hwake hwose. Pasinei neizvi, haana kukwanisa kurwisa runako rwechikadzi uye runako. Achiri kudzidzisa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, akaonekwa muukama naAnna Giraud nehanzvadzi yake Paolina.
Akanga ari mudzidzisi uye murayiridzi waAna. Musikana wacho akakwezva kutarisa kwemaestro kwete chete nerunako rwake, asiwo nekugona kwake kwakasimba kwezwi uye hunyanzvi hwekuita zvechisikigo. Maestro akamunyorera zvikamu zvezwi zvakanakisisa. Vaviri ava vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari pamwe chete. Vivaldi akatoshanyira Anna kunyika yake.
Hanzvadzi yaAnna, Paolina, akaona muVivaldi anenge Mwari. Iye akamushandira. Uye muupenyu hwake akava mureri wake. Sezvo utano hwomunyori wacho hwakanga husina kusimba, aida tsigiro nguva nenguva. Akamubatsira kutsungirira kushaya simba kwomuviri. Vafundisi vepamusoro vaisagona kukanganwira Vivaldi nokuda kwehukama hwake nevamiririri vaviri vepabonde risina simba kamwechete. Akarambidzwa kuita mumakereke emakereke.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezve maestro Antonio Vivaldi
- Mune akawanda emifananidzo, Vivaldi akabatwa mune chena wigi. Maestro aive nebvudzi dzvuku.
- Vanyori venhoroondo yehupenyu havagone kudoma zuva chairo apo munyori akanyora bhuku rekutanga. Zvingangodaro, chiitiko ichi chakaitika apo Vivaldi aiva nemakore 13 okuberekwa.
- Muimbi uyu akabatwa nemhosva yekuba makumi matatu egoridhe ducats. Muimbi wacho aifanira kutenga harpsichord yeimba inochengeterwa zvinhu uye akagamuchira 30 ducats kuti atenge. Akatenga chiridzwa nemari shoma, ndokugovera imwe mari.
- Vivaldi aive nezwi rinoshamisa. Haana kungoridza mimhanzi chete, asiwo akaimba.
- Akasuma rudzi rwekonzati yeviolin uye orchestra, pamwe chete nemaviolin maviri kana mana.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaAntonio Vivaldi
Maestro anoremekedzwa akafa muurombo hwakakwana munharaunda yeVienna. Akafa musi waChikunguru 28, 1741. Zvinhu zvose zvaakanga awana zvakatorwa nezvikwereti. Mutumbi wemunyori wakavigwa mumakuva umo varombo vanozorora.
