Miles Davis - Chivabvu 26, 1926 (Alton) - Gunyana 28, 1991 (Santa Monica)
Muimbi weAmerican jazz, mutambi wehwamanda ane mukurumbira akapesvedzera hunyanzvi hwekupera kwema1940.
Kutanga kwenzira yekusika yeMiles Dewey Davis
Davis akakurira muEast St. Louis, Illinois, uko baba vake vaive chiremba wemazino akabudirira. Mumakore akazotevera, aigara achitaura nezvekurerwa kwake kwepamusoro.
Vatsoropodzi vaidavira kuti akakurira muurombo uye achitambura, sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aiva akafanana nevaimbi veJazz vakawanda vane mukurumbira. Miles akatanga kudzidza hwamanda achiri mudiki.
Kutamba kwaDavies dzimwe nguva kwainzi "kwakaoma" uye kwaisawanzoenderana, asi inzwi rake rakasiyana, rakapfava uye fungidziro yemumhanzi yakapfuma yaipfuura kutadza kwake kwehunyanzvi.
Pakazosvika ma1950 ekutanga, Davis akanga ashandura kusakosha kwake kuita zvakakosha. Panzvimbo yekutevedzera yagara iripo, yekupopota maitiro evatungamiriri vebebop vakaita saGillespie, Davis akaongorora rejisita yepakati yehwamanda.
Muimbi akaedza kuwirirana uye rhythms uye akasiyanisa magadzirirwo ekuvandudza kwake.
Nezvishoma zvishoma, maitiro ake emelodic aive akapfava, akavakirwa pamakota manotsi uye hupfumi hwenhaka. Mimhanzi yekufungidzira, tempo uye mazwi mukuvandudza kwake aive akasiyana.
Davis akatamba nemabhendi ejazz munharaunda yeSt. Louis ndokubva atamira kuNew York muna 1944 kunodzidza paInstitute of Musical Arts (yava kunzi Juilliard School).
Kunyangwe zvazvo muchengeti wehwamanda akapotsa makirasi akawanda, panzvimbo pezvo akadzidziswa pamisangano yejamu nevatenzi vakaita saDizzy Gillespie naCharlie Parker. Davis naParker vaiwanzonyora nziyo pamwe chete muna 1945-1948.
Jazz inotonhorera uye modal jazz
Muzhizha ra1948, Davis akasika nonet, iyo yaisanganisira vatambi vejazz vakakurumbira: Gerry Mulligan, J. Johnson, Kenny Clarke naLee Konitz, pamwe chete nevaridzi venyanga uye tuba (zviridzwa zvisingawanzowaniki mumamiriro ejazz).
Mulligan, Gil Evans uye pianist John Lewis akapa akawanda ehurongwa hwebhendi. Mimhanzi yavo yakabatanidza kuchinjika, kusimudzira hunhu hwebebop neruzha rwakasimba rwe orchestral.
Iri boka harina kugara kwenguva refu, asi munhoroondo yaro pfupi rakarekodha gumi nemaviri mateki, ayo akatanga kuburitswa senge singles (1949-1950).
Aya marekodhi akachinja maitiro ejazz uye akagadzira nzira yeWest Coast masitayipi ema1950s. Chimiro ichi chakazoburitswazve pane dambarefu Birth of the Cool (1957).
Matambudziko Ehutano
Mukutanga 1950s, Davis akanga achikunda kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka izvo zvakakanganisa kutamba kwake. Asi akakwanisa kurekodha maalbum ari pakati pezvaakaita zvakanaka.
Vane mukurumbira weJazz vakaita saSonny Rollins, Milt Jackson naThelonious Monk vakashanda naye.
Muna 1954, mushure mekukunda kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, Davis akapinda munguva yemakore maviri panguva iyo aionekwa semuimbi ane ruzivo rwakanyanya mujazz.
Nguva itsva yebasa remuenzi
Mumakore ekuma1950, Miles akagadzira mabhendi madiki ejazz. Vairatidza ngano dzesaxophone John Coltrane naCannonball Adderley, vaimbi vepiyano Red Garland naBill Evans, mutambi webhesi Paul Chambers, uye Philly vanoridza ngoma Joe Jones naJimmy Cobb.
Mabhuku aDavis akarekodhwa panguva iyi, anosanganisira Around Midnight (1956), Workin (1956), Steamin (1956), Relaxin (1956) uye Milestones (1958), akakurudzira basa revamwe vaimbi vakawanda.
Akapedzisa nguva iyi yebasa rake neKind of Blue (1959), zvichida iro rakanyanya kupembererwa munhoroondo ye jazz. Iyo albhamu yakapfava, yakadzoreredzwa-muunganidzwa yaisanganisira yakanakisa yakarekodhwa mienzaniso ye modal jazz style.
Mavari, kuvandudzwa kunobva pa "sparse" chords uye zviyero zvisiri-standard, uye kwete pane zvakaoma, zvinowanzochinja chords.
Muvambi we modal jazz
Miles Davis muma1950s akagadzira gwara idzva mumimhanzi - modal jazz. Akaita chimiro ichi pahwamanda, uye saxophonist John Coltrane akava munhu wake ane pfungwa dzakafanana mumutauro uyu.
Chimiro chemodal chaive chakakodzera solos dzainangana nerwiyo. Modal jazz yaive ne modal uye yemahara kuvandudzwa. Zvakandibvumira kuti ndiedze zvakanyanya nezvinorira.
Hunhu hunokwanisika uhwu hwaita kuti Rudzi rweBlue album rikurumbire pakati pevanoda jazz.
Yakaburitswa panguva imwe chete neakarekodhwa eboka diki, maAlbum aDavis emitambo (akarongwa uye akaitiswa naGil Evans): Miles Ahead (1957), Porgy naBess (1958) uye Essays kuSpain (1960) akaitwawo muchimiro chemodal jazz.
Kudyidzana pakati paDavis naEvans kwakaratidzwa nehurongwa hwakaoma, kutarisisa kwakaenzana kune orchestra uye soloist, uye mamwe emitambo yaDavis yakanyanyisa mweya uye ine simba.
Davis naEvans vakabatira pamwe pane dzimwe nguva mumakore akatevera, asi zvigadzirwa zvavo zvakange zvisisave zvakakurumbira uye zvakakura sezvazvaive paaya maalbum matatu ehunyanzvi.
Yemahara jazz uye fusion
Ma1960 ekutanga yaive nguva yekuchinja, shoma shoma yeMiles, kunyangwe mimhanzi yake uye kutamba kwake kwakaramba kuri pamusoro.
Pakupera kwa1962, akatanga kuumba rimwe boka duku, iro rakazova iro guru.
