Mikhail Verbitsky ipfuma chaiyo yeUkraine. Muimbi, muimbi, kwaya conductor, mupristi, uyewo munyori wenziyo rwiyo rwenyika rweUkraine - akaita mupiro usingarambiki mukusimudzira tsika yenyika yake.
"Mikhail Verbitsky ndiye anonyanya kuzivikanwa muimbi wekwaya muUkraine. Mimhanzi yemhanzi "Izhe Cherubim", "Baba Vedu", nziyo dzekunyika "Ipa, musikana", "Poklin", "De Dnipro ndeyedu", "Zapovit" ndiwo maparera emimhanzi yedu yekwaya. Makwikwi emunyori, umo anosanganisa hunyanzvi hwechivanhu nezvimiro zvemazuva ano, ndiyo yekutanga kuedza kwakanaka kwemumhanzi wekuUkraine mumhanzi wesymphonic muUkraine…” anonyora kudaro Stanislav Lyudkevich.
Nhaka yekusika yemunyori
Imwe yenhaka yakakosha yeUkraine tsika. Mikhail ndomumwe wevamiriri vechikoro chemunyori wenyika. Iyo yepamusoro yemabasa emimhanzi yaVerbitsky, kugona kwekunyora nziyo kunomupa kodzero yekumudaidza wekutanga weWestern Ukrainian nyanzvi munyori. Akanyora neropa remoyo wake. Mikaeri chiratidzo chekumutsiridza kwenyika yeUkraine muGalicia.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Uduku uye huduku
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMaestro ndiKurume 4, 1815. Makore ake ehuduku akapedzerwa mumusha muduku weJavornik-Ruski pedyo nePrzemysl (Poland). Akakurira mumhuri yemupristi. Musoro wemhuri akafa apo Mikhail aiva nemakore gumi. Kubva panguva iyoyo, hama iri kure, Vladyka John wePrzemysl, yave ichimurera.
Mikhail Verbitsky akadzidza pa lyceum, uye ipapo pane gymnasium. Aive shasha pakudzidza sainzi dzakasiyana siyana. Akatora zvose panhunzi. Bhishopi John paakatanga kwaya kuPrzemysl cathedra, uye gare gare chikoro chemimhanzi, Michael akajairana nemimhanzi.
Muna 1829, kutamba kwekutanga kwekwaya kwakaitika, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweVerbitsky. Kuimba kwevaimbi kwakagamuchirwa zvakanaka nevateereri veko pamwe nevanoremekedzwa. Mushure mekugamuchirwa kweushamwari kwakadaro, John anokoka munyori akakurumbira Alois Nanke kuchikoro chedzidzo.
Mushure mokunge Mikhail auya pasi pekutarisirwa kwaNanke, akazarura mano ake emimhanzi. Verbitsky akangoerekana aona kuti akakwezvwa nekuvandudza uye kuumbwa.
Repertoire yekwaya yakaita basa rakakosha mukuumba kugona kwaVerbitsky kuumba. Repertoire yekwaya yacho yaisanganisira mabasa asingafi akaitwa naJ. Haydn, Mozart, pamwe chete nemuimbi wekuUkraine Berezovsky naBortnyansky.
Mabasa emweya aBortnyansky ane simba guru pamimhanzi yeWestern Ukraine.
Mabasa emaestro aiyemurwawo naMikhail, uyo akakwevera kune kuvandudza. Munguva iyi yenguva, monophony yaitonga mimhanzi yechechi yeUkraine. Bortnyansky akakwanisa kuunza nyanzvi polyphony mumabasa ake.
Dzidzo museminari
Pashure penguva yakati, Mikhail Verbitsky akapinda Lviv Theological Seminary. Pasina kushanda nesimba, akakwanisa kuridza gitare. Ichi chiridzwa chemimhanzi chichaperekedza Verbitsky munguva dzakasviba dzehupenyu hwake. Mukuwedzera, akatora nzvimbo yomutungamiriri wekwaya.
Munguva iyi yenguva akagadzira akati wandei enziyo dzakanakisa dzegitare. Kwenguva yedu, "Murairo weKhitara" wakachengetedzwa. Verbitsky aiva mweya wekambani. Akadzingwa kakawanda kubva kuLviv Conservatory nokuda kwenziyo dzesango. Akanga asingambotyi kutaura zvaanofunga, izvo aigara achirangwa.
Paakadzingwa pachikoro chechitatu, haana kuenderera mberi. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava nemhuri uye aida kuriritira hama dzake.
Anotendeukira kumimhanzi yechitendero. Munguva iyi yenguva, akaumba Liturgy yakakwana yekwaya yakavhenganiswa, iyo ichiri kunzwika nhasi mumachechi akawanda munyika yake. Panguva imwecheteyo, akapa imwe yezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa - "Angel Vopiyashe", pamwe chete nedzimwe nziyo dzakawanda.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Theatrical upenyu
Pakupera kwema40, hupenyu hwemitambo hwakavandudzika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kune Verbitsky, izvi zvinoreva chinhu chimwe - anotanga kunyora mimhanzi inoperekedza kune akati wandei emitambo. Nhamba dzakatarwa padanho renzvimbo dzemitambo dzepamusoro muLviv neGalicia, kazhinji, dzakashandurwa kubva kumutambo weUkraine nemabhuku, uye kubva kuPolish, French.
Mimhanzi yakaita basa rinokosha mumitambo. Akataura mamiriro emitambo uye akazadza zviitiko zvemunhu nemanzwiro. Mikhail akagadzira mimhanzi inoperekedza kune anopfuura makumi maviri emitambo. Iwe haugoni kufuratira zvisikwa zvake "Verkhovyntsi", "Cossack uye muvhimi", "Protsikha" uye "Zhovnir-charivnik".
Zvido zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakatonga munharaunda yeUkraine zvakakonzera kuti iyo yeUkraine theatre yakaguma kuvapo uye kufarira veruzhinji veko. Michael akanga asisina mukana wekugadzira.
Muna 49, boka remitambo rakaumbwa muPrzemysl. Mikhail akanyorwa muzvikamu zvayo semunyori uye mutambi. Akaenderera mberi nekunyora mabasa emimhanzi.
Pakupera kwe40s, akagadzira mimhanzi yezvinyorwa naIvan Gushalevich "Rugare ngaruve nemi, hama, tinounza zvinhu zvose." Imwe nguva gare gare, muLvov, varwi vemunharaunda vakaronga yemitambo "Russian Conversation". Kune iyo yemitambo yakaratidzwa, Verbitsky anonyora inoyevedza melodrama "Pidgiryan".
Matanho makuru ekugadzira Mikhail VerbitskWow
Sezvakataurwa nemunyori pachake, basa rake rinogona kugoverwa mumatanho matatu makuru: mabasa emimhanzi echechi, mimhanzi yeimba yemitambo uye mimhanzi ye saloni. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, Verbitsky aiziva rudzi rwemimhanzi yaida kunzwa vanhu vepanguva yake. Kubatsira munharaunda - ndizvo zvaidiwa naMichael. Munyori wake wekutanga wehupenyu, Sidor Vorobkevich, anoyeuka makumi mana enziyo ega ane gitare anoperekedzwa uye akati wandei ane piyano inoperekedza.
Nekuda kwemamiriro ehupenyu akaoma, haana kukwanisa kugamuchira hufundisi kwenguva refu. Mikhail aifanira kukanzura zvidzidzo zvake kakawanda. Mukuwedzera, akamanikidzwa kubva mumusha mumwe achienda kune mumwe kanoverengeka. Muna 1850 chete akapedza kudzidza kuLviv Seminary ndokuva mupristi.
Kwemakore anoverengeka akashanda munzvimbo duku yeZavadov Yavorovsky. Munguva iyi yenguva, iye anoberekerwa vana vaviri - mwanasikana nemwanakomana. Maiwe, mwanasikana akafa achiri mucheche. Verbitsky akashungurudzika zvikuru nekurasikirwa kwemwanasikana wake. Akaora mwoyo.
Muna 1856, akashumira muIntercession Church, yaiva muMlyny (zvino yava Poland). Ikoko akatora nzvimbo yomuprista weKaturike wechiGiriki. Apa ndipo paakapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake.
Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Mikhail Verbitsky akararama zvakaipa zvikuru. Pasinei nezvinzvimbo zvepamusoro panguva iyoyo, pfuma yemimhanzi nhaka - Verbitsky haina kutsigirwa. Haana kutsvaka pfuma.
Nhoroondo yekusikwa kweNational Anthem yeUkraine
Muna 1863, akanyora mimhanzi kune nhetembo dzemudetembi wechiUkraine P. Chubinsky "Ukraine haisati yafa." Nhoroondo yekusikwa kwerwiyo yakatanga gore rakapfuura. Panguva iyi ndipo paakanyora nhetembo yambotaurwa.
Anenge pakarepo mushure mekunyora nhetembo, shamwari yaChubinsky, Lysenko, yakanyora rwiyo rwemimhanzi kune ndima. Rwiyo rwakanyorwa rwakarira munharaunda yeUkraine kwenguva yakati, asi haina kuwana kuparadzirwa kwakakura. Asi chete mumubatanidzwa wevanyori veVerbitsky naChubynsky rwiyo rwakasimbiswa mukurangarira kwevanhu vekuUkraine.
Mukumuka kwehupenyu hweUkrainian hwekuda nyika uye hwemweya, mumakore makumi matanhatu ezana ramakore reXIX, mune imwe yemagazini eLviv, nhetembo "Ukraine haisati yafa" yakabudiswa. Ndima iyi yakafadza Mikhail nekureruka kwayo uye panguva imwecheteyo kuda nyika. Pakutanga akanyora mimhanzi yekuimba ari ega achiperekedzwa negitare, asi akakurumidza kushanda nesimba pakurongeka, uye yakanyatsokodzera kuita kwekwaya yakazara.
"Ukraine haisati yafa" inosiyaniswa nehupamhi hwekunzwisisa nhoroondo yezvakaitika zvevanhu vekuUkraine. Serwiyo rwenyika, chidimbu chemimhanzi chakazivikanwa nevadetembi vekuUkraine.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwake hwega
Zvinozivikanwa kuti akaroorwa kaviri. Mukadzi wekutanga akakwanisa kushongedza mwoyo wemunyori aive anoyevedza wekuAustria anonzi Barbara Sener. Maiwe, akafa kare.
Nenguva isipi akaroora kechipiri. Kusvikira munguva ichangopfuura, zvaitendwa kuti mukadzi wechipiri akanga ari mukadzi wechiFrench. Asi fungidziro iyi haina kusimbiswa. Sezvineiwo, mudzimai wechipiri haanawo kurarama kwenguva refu. Akazvara mwanakomana kubva Verbitsky, uyo vaviri vakatumidza Andrey.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro Mikhail Verbitsky
- Chiridzwa chakanyanya kufarirwa naMikhail igitare.
- Munguva yehupenyu hwake hupfupi akagadzira 12 orchestral rhapsodies, 8 symphonic overtures, matatu kwaya uye akati wandei mapolonaise.
- Vanyori vehupenyu vanosimbisa kuti aigara muurombo. Kazhinji patafura yake paingova nemaapuro chete. Nguva dzakaoma zvikuru dzakauya munguva yechando-yechando.
- Akarota kugadzira mimhanzi yenhetembo dzaTaras Shevchenko.
- Michael akava muprista kuti avandudze mamiriro ake emari. Kushumira Mwari kwaisava kudanwa kwake.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaMikhail Verbitsky
Kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, haana kusiya bhizinesi rake guru - akanyora mabasa emimhanzi. Mukuwedzera, Mikhail akanyora zvinyorwa uye aiita mabasa ekudzidzisa.
Akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake muMlyny. Akafa musi waDecember 7, 1870. Panguva yerufu rwake, munyori aingova nemakore 55 chete.
Kutanga, muchinjikwa wakajairika womuoki wakaiswa paguva remunyori akakurumbira. Asi pakati pe-30s yezana remakore rapfuura, chiyeuchidzo chakavakwa panzvimbo yekuvigwa yeVerbitsky.
