Maria Callas ndomumwe wevaimbi veopera vakatanhamara vomuzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Fans vakamudaidza kuti "muiti waMwari." Ari pakati pevashanduri ve opera saRichard Wagner naArturo Toscanini.
Maria Callas: Uduku uye huduku
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwemuimbi ane mukurumbira opera ndiDecember 2, 1923. Akazvarwa muNew York City.
Maria haana kuzova mwana akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu. Kuberekwa kwemusikana kwakatangira kufa kwemukomana achangoberekwa. Vabereki vakaodzwa mwoyo vakarota mwanakomana. Mai, vakatakura musikana mudumbu, vakatouya nezita rechirume remwana.
Pashure pokuberekwa kwaMaria, amai vakaramba kutarira kurutivi rwomwanasikana wavo. Mukadzi akazvidzivirira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kubva pakuonana naMaria - akatora musikana chete kuti adye. Kwapera chinguva akapfava ndokuzogamuchira mwana.
Vabereki vakakurumidza kuziva kuti vaive nemusikana ane chipo. Maria anenge kubva paucheche anotanga kufarira zviridzwa zvemimhanzi uye kurira kwemimhanzi yekare.
Aida arias uye aigona kugara kwemaawa achiteerera mabasa emimhanzi. Pazera remakore mashanu, Maria akakwanisa kuridza piyano, uye pashure pemakore mashomanana akatanga kuita arias. Pazera remakore gumi, mutambo wake wekutanga wakaitika. Maria akanyanya kufadza vateereri.
Kubva pakuzvarwa, musikana aimanikidzwa naamai vake. Akaedza kuva wekutanga mune zvese - Callas airatidza kuti akakodzera rudo rwevabereki.
Maria Callas: Mimhanzi Makwikwi
Achiri kuyaruka, Maria akapindawo mupurogiramu yeredhiyo yokuyera. Imwe nguva gare gare, akazviratidza mumakwikwi emimhanzi, akaitirwa muChicago.
Izvo zvinogara zvichidiwa naamai - zvinokuvadza musikana. Maria akanga ari muchimiro chekutakura. Pasinei nekukwezva kwekunze uye tarenda iri pachena, akazviona se "dhadha rakashata". Kukunda mumakwikwi kwakakurudzira muimbi weOpera. Pamazuva okukunda, aifara, uye pane vamwe vose akatsvakazve ngwariro yaamai nokuzivikanwa.
Maria airatidza kuti airatidza kukosha kwake. Kushungurudzika kwehudiki kwakaramba kuna Callas kwehupenyu hwose. Achagara achitsvaga zvikanganiso mukati make, achizviona seakakora uye akaipa. Somunhu mukuru, achati: “Ndini munhu asina kuchengeteka zvikurusa munyika. Ndiri kutya uye ndinotya zvese."
Pazera remakore 13, Maria, pamwe chete naamai vake, vakatamira kuAthens. Amai vakabatanidza mwanasikana wavo kuRoyal Conservatory. Kubva panguva ino inotanga chikamu chakasiyana zvachose chehupenyu hwe "Mwari" Maria Callas.
Nzira yekugadzira yemuimbi we opera
Akaenda kubhaibheri nekunakidzwa uye akapedza kudzidza aine honours pazera re16. Kubva panguva iyoyo, akaparadzana naamai vake, uye akatanga kurarama hupenyu hwakazvimirira. Maria aiwana chokurarama nacho nokuimba. Pazera remakore 19, akaita chikamu chekutanga muOpera Tosca. Nokuda kwekuita, akagamuchira mari inoshamisa panguva iyoyo - $ 65.
Pakati pemakore ekuma40 ezana remakore rapfuura, Maria akatamira kuNew York. Akashanyira imba yababa vake uye akagumbuka kuti vakanga varoorazve. Amai vokurera vaisafarira kuimba kwaiita muzukuru wacho.
Munguva ino yenguva, ari kuridza muNew York, Chicago neSan Francisco. Pakupera kwema40s, akasaina chibvumirano chekuita muVerona. Kutamba kwekutanga uye inzwi rinofadza raMaria zvakaita kuti vateereri vaone zvakanaka. Akagamuchira kupihwa kubva kune vanotungamira theatre directors.
Italy imba yechipiri yaMaria. Akayemurwa neruzhinji rweko, apa akazosimba mune zvemari ndokusangana nemurume ane rudo. Aigara achipiwa mari yakawanda. Mifananidzo yevakadzi yakanga yakashongedzwa nemagazini uye mapepa.
Pakupera kwema40s, akaita muArgentina, muna 1950 - muMexico City. Kufamba uye basa rinorema rakakanganisa mamiriro eopera diva. Utano hwaMaria hwakanga huchiipa - akatanga kukurumidza kuwedzera uremu. Nenguva isipi zvakava zvakanyanya kumuomera kuita pachikuva, uye zvakatonyanya kushanya. Akadya matambudziko ake uye akapindwa muropa netsika dzake.
Shanda paLa Scala Opera House
Kudzokera kuItaly, akaita debut yake paLa Scala. Muimbi weOpera akawana "Aida". Ipapo tarenda rake rakazivikanwa padanho repamusoro. Asi, Maria haana kutenda mazwi evatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vane chiremera. Mukadzi mukuru aigara achidzokera kune chokwadi chokuti akanga asina kufanira kurumbidzwa. Mugore rechi51, akava chikamu cheboka reLa Scala, asi kunyange izvi hazvina kuwedzera kuzviremekedza kwake.
Kwapera gore, anoita "Norma" panguva Royal Opera (London). Kwapera nguva yakati, akaonekwa mu "Medea" muItaly yemitambo. Kuita kwenyama kwechidimbu chemimhanzi, icho kusvika panguva iyoyo chaionekwa sechisina chimiro, chinodzoka kuhupenyu uye chinova chinorova zvachose pakati pevanoda mimhanzi yekare.
Akateverwa nekubudirira. Maria akava opera diva chaiye. Pasinei nokureurura kwemamiriyoni evanhu, akatambura nokuora mwoyo. Muimbi weopera kutaura chokwadi haana kuzvida. Akaedza kuderedza uremu, asi zvirambidzo zvekudya zvakakonzera chinhu chimwe chete - kumwe kuparara kwekutya, macalorie akawanda uye kusakendenga. Nenguva isipi akanga apedzwa nekuneta.
Akanga asisagone kuita sezvaaimboita. Mumwe nomumwe, Maria akarega kutamba. Vatori venhau vaisatomboziva nezvemamiriro epfungwa dze opera diva vakanyora zvinyorwa umo vaipomera muimbi uyu kuti aive akapambwa zvakanyanya. Kukanzurwa kwemitambo kwakatungamirira kumatare. Muma60s, opera diva yakaonekwa pachikuva kakawanda. Pakati pe-60s, akaita chikamu cheOpera cheNorma, guta guru reFrance.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu Maria Callas
Giovanni Battista Meneghini ndiye murume wekutanga akakwanisa kuhwina moyo werunako runoyevedza. Maria akasangana nerimwe jaya muItaly yakaisvonaka. Murume uyu aifarira mimhanzi yechinyakare, uye aida ma opera aiitwa naCallas - Giovanni kaviri.
Meneghini akatsigira opera diva mune zvose - akava tsigiro yake uye tsigiro. Giovanni akava kuna Maria kwete chete mudzimai, asiwo mudiwa, maneja, shamwari yepamwoyo. Murume wacho aiva mukuru kudarika muimbi wacho.
Pakupera kwema40, vakachata muchechi yeRoma. Murume wacho akanga asina mweya mumukadzi, asi iye aimubata nokutengesa. Nokukurumidza pashure pomuchato, mirangariro yaMaria yakatanga kupera. Akashandisa Meneghini nechinangwa chekufa.
Pakupera kwema50s, Callas akasangana naAristotle Onassis. Akanga ari muridzi wengarava akapfuma uye mumwe wevazvinabhizimisi vakapfuma zvikuru muGreece. Apo Maria akatambura kuneta kwokutya, vanachiremba vakarumbidza mukadzi wacho kugara pedyo negungwa kwenguva yakati. Akaenda kuGreece, kwaakatanga kufambidzana naOnassis muchivande.
Hukama hwerudo hwakatanga pakati pebhirioni uye opera diva. Akaba moyo wake. Mune imwe yebvunzurudzo, Maria akati pamisangano naOnassis, manzwiro ake akaremerwa zvokuti akanga asingakwanisi kufema.
Kutamira kuParis Maria Callas
Nenguva isipi Maria anotamira kuParis kuti ave pedyo nemudiwa wake mutsva. Mubhirioni akasiya mudzimai wake uye akanga agadzirira kuroora Callas. Asi muchato womuChechi yeKaturike hauna kubvumira Maria kuparadza roorano yapakuvamba. Murume waMaria, Giovanni, akaitawo nhamburiko dzose dzokuva nechokwadi chokuti kurambana hakuitiki.
Pakati pe-60s, Callas akaziva kuti akanga achitarisira mwana kubva kumudiwa mutsva. Akafara uye akafara. Maria akakurumidza kuzivisa Onassis nezvemimba yake, asi mukupindura akanzwa shoko rokuti "kubvisa pamuviri". Akabvisa mwana kuti asarasikirwe nemurume. Gare gare, iye achati achademba chisarudzo ichi kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake.
Hukama pakati pevadiwa hwakatanga kuipa. Maria akaita zvose kuti achengetedze ukama. Aristotle haana kufarira vakadzi. Mukupera kwema60 vakaparadzana. Onassis akaroora Jacqueline Kennedy. Opera diva, mushure mekuparadzana, haina kuwana mufaro wevakadzi.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezvaMaria Callas
- Runyerekupe uye fungidziro zvakatenderedza kufa kweopera diva kwenguva yakareba. Runyerekupe rwunoti akaisirwa muchetura neshamwari yepedyo.
- Aida confectionery - makeke uye puddings. Aifanira kuonda kuti awane basa raairota. Mugore, Maria akaderera makirogiramu 30. Chakavanzika chekubudirira chiri nyore - kudyiwa kwemiriwo uye mapuroteni ezvokudya.
- Kallas paakaitisa mapati kumba, iye pachake akagadzira menyu, uye shefu wake akazvigadzirira iye nevaenzi.
- Mwedzi yokupedzisira youpenyu hwake, Maria haana kuramba achionana nevekunze. Mapoodles anoyevedza akava nyaradzo kune diva.
- Nekuda kwemabasa, aifanira kwete chete kuderedza uremu, asiwo kuwedzera uremu. Kamwe uremu hwake hwasvika pamuganhu we90 makirogiramu.
- Akakumbira kuti dota rake ripiswe. Yakapararira pamusoro peGungwa reAegean.
Kufa kwaMaria Callas
Mumwedzi yokupedzisira youpenyu hwake, Maria akanzwa akaora mwoyo. Kurasikirwa kwemurume anodiwa, kuderera kwebasa remimhanzi, kurasikirwa kwekukwezva - vakazvidza chido chekugara muKallas. Akaramba kutaurirana nevadiwa uye haana kuenda pachikuva.
Akashaya muna 1977. Chikonzero chekufa kwaiva chirwere chemwoyo chinokonzerwa nedermatomyositis.
