Duke Ellington munhu wechitendero chezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Muimbi weJazz, murongi uye mutambi wepiyano akapa nyika yemimhanzi nziyo dzakawanda dzisingafi.
Ellington aive nechokwadi chekuti mumhanzi ndiwo unobatsira kudzongonyedza kubva mukumhanya-mhanya uye kushata. Mumhanzi une mutinhimira unofadza, kunyanya jazz, unovandudza mafungiro kupfuura zvese. Hazvishamisi kuti zvinyorwa zvaDuke Ellington zvichiri kufarirwa nhasi.
Hudiki uye hudiki hwaEdward Kennedy
Edward Kennedy (zita chairo remuimbi) akaberekerwa mumoyo weUnited States of America - Washington. Chiitiko ichi chakaitika musi waApril 29, 1899. Edward akaita rombo rakanaka nekuti akaberekerwa mumhuri yeWhite House mudiri James Edward Ellington nemukadzi wake Daisy Kennedy Ellington. Nemhaka yechinzvimbo chababa vake, mukomana akakurira mumhuri yakapfuma. Akanga akadzivirirwa kubva pamatambudziko ose aiperekedza vanhu vatema mazuva iwayo.
Semwana, amai vaishingaira kukudziridza mwanakomana wavo. Akamudzidzisa kuridza makiyibhodhi, izvo zvakabatsira kuti Edward ade mimhanzi. Pazera ramakore 9, Kennedy Mudiki akatanga kudzidza nemumwe akapedza kudzidza.
Nenguva isipi mukomana akatanga kunyora mabasa ake. Muna 1914 akanyora rwiyo Soda Fontaine Rag. Kunyangwe ipapo zvaive zvichigoneka kuona kuti mimhanzi yekutamba haisi mweni kuna Edward.
Ipapo chikoro chenyanzvi dzokudhirowa chakanga chakamumirira. Edward akayeuka nguva iyi - aifarira mamiriro ekusika mukirasi. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akawana basa rekunyora mifananidzo.
Basa rekutanga rakaunza mukomana mari yakanaka, asi chinhu chikuru ndechokuti aifarira chaizvo nzira yekugadzira mapepa. Edward Kennedy aigara achivimbwa nemirairo kubva kuhurumende yehurumende. Asi akakurumidza kuona kuti nziyo dzaimufadza kupfuura zvose. Somugumisiro wekufungisisa kukuru, Edward akasiya unyanzvi, kunyange kuramba nzvimbo paPratt Institute.
Kubva 1917, Edward akapinda munyika yemimhanzi. Kennedy airarama nekuridza piyano achidzidza maitiro ehunyanzvi kubva kuvaimbi vemetropolitan nyanzvi.
Nzira yekugadzira yaDuke Ellington
Nechekare muna 1919, Edward akasika boka rake rokutanga nziyo. Pamusoro peKennedy, boka idzva raisanganisira:
- saxophonist Otto Hardwick;
- muridzi wengoma Sonny Greer;
- Arthur Watsol.
Nenguva isipi mhanza yakanyemwerera kune vaimbi vechidiki. Kuita kwavo kwakanzwika nemuridzi webhawa rekuNew York, uyo akauya kuguta guru nebhizinesi. Akakatyamadzwa nekuita kweboka. Mushure mekonzati, muridzi webhawa akapa vakomana kusaina chibvumirano. Mitemo yekondirakiti yacho yaiti vaimbi vanofanira kuridza kubhawa vachibhadharwa. Chikwata cheKennedy chakabvuma. Nenguva isipi vaive votamba zvizere paBarron's sequartet yevaWashingtonians.
Pakupedzisira, takatanga kutaura nezvevaimbi. Sezvo vateereri vechikwata ichi vawanda, vatotanga kuridzawo dzimwe nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, boka raiwanzouya ku "Hollywood Club", iri mu Times Square. Inenge yese mari yakashandiswa naKennedy padzidzo. Akatora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kune vemunharaunda mimhanzi gurus.
Basa rinoshanduka
Kubudirira kwe quartet kwakabvumira vaimbi kusangana nevanhu vane simba. Chikwama chaKennedy chaive chakazara nemabhiri. Iye zvino muimbi wechidiki akanga akapfeka zvakajeka uye zvakatsvinda. Nhengo dzebhendi dzakamupa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Duke" (rakashandurwa se "Duke").
Pakati pema1920, Edward akasangana naIrwin Mills. Kwapera chinguva akazova maneja wemuimbi wacho. Aive Irwin akakurudzira kuti Kennedy achinje kutungamira kwake kwekugadzira uye kutora pseudonym yekugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, Mills akayambira Edward kuti akanganwe nezvezita rekuti "Washingtonians" uye aite pasi pezita rekuti "Duke Ellington uye Orchestra Yake".
Muna 1927, Kennedy nechikwata chake vakatamira kuNew York's Cotton Club jazz club. Iyi nguva inoratidzirwa nekushanda nesimba pane repertoire yebhendi. Nenguva isipi vaimbi vakaburitsa nziyo dzeCreole Love Call, Blackand Tan Fantasy uye The Mooche.
Mukupera kwema1920s, Duke Ellington neOrchestra Yake vakaimba paFlorenz Ziegfeld Musical Theatre. Ipapo iyo yechitendero mimhanzi inoumbwa Mood Indigo yakanyorwa paRCA Records yekurekodha studio. Dzimwe nziyo dzeboka racho dzaiwanzonzwika panhepfenyuro dzenyika.
Makore mashoma gare gare, boka rakaenda parwendo rwekutanga rweEllington Jazz Ensemble. Muna 1932, Duke nechikwata chake vakaita paColumbia University.
Iyo Peak yeDuke Ellington's Mukurumbira
Vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vanofunga kutanga kwema1930 sepamusoro pebasa remimhanzi raDuke Ellington. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo muimbi akaburitsa nziyo dzekuti Hazvirevi Chinhu uye Star-Crossed Lovers.
Vatsoropodzi vanoti Duke Ellington akava "baba" vemhando yekutenderera, vachinyora nziyo dzeStormy Weather uye Sophisticated Lady muna 1933. Kennedy akakwanisa kugadzira ruzha rwakasiyana, achiziva hunhu hwevaimbi. Duke akanyanya kusarudza saxophonist Johnny Hodges, muimbi wehwamanda Frank Jenkins, uye trombonist Juan Tizol.
Muna 1933 mumwechete, Duke nechikwata chake vakaenda parwendo rwavo rwekutanga kuEurope. Chakanga chiri chiitiko chisingakanganwiki muupenyu hwevaimbi. Chikwata ichi chakaita pane yakakurumbira London Concert hall "Palladium".
Mushure merwendo rweEurope, vaimbi vakanga vasingazorori. Chokwadi chekuti vakagamuchirwa munenge nyika dzese dzeEurope chakakurudzira kuenderera mberi nerwendo.
Panguva ino vakaimba kuSouth uye kuNorth America. Pakupera kwekushanya, Ellington akapa track, iyo yakave yakarova ipapo. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pemumhanzi weCaravan. Mushure mekuburitswa kwerwiyo, Duke akave muimbi weAmerica akagadzwa.
Creative dambudziko
Nenguva isipi, Duke akava nenjodzi. Chokwadi ndechekuti muna 1935 amai vake vakashaya. Muimbi akarwadziwa zvikuru nekurasikirwa nemunhu wepedyo. Akanga abatwa nedepression. "Nguva" yezvinonzi dambudziko rekusika rasvika.
Mimhanzi chete ndiyo yaigona kudzosa Kennedy kuhupenyu hwakajairika. Muimbi akanyora rwiyo Reminisсing muTempo, rwakanga rwakasiyana zvakanyanya nezvese zvaakanyora pakutanga.
Muna 1936, Duke akatanga kunyora mimhanzi yefirimu. Akanyora rwiyo rwefirimu rakatungamirirwa naSam Wood uye vane nyeredzi veMarx Brothers. Makore mashoma gare gare, akashanda kwenguva-yenguva semutungamiri wePhilharmonic Symphony Orchestra, iyo yairidza paSt. Regis Hotel.
Muna 1939, vaimbi vatsva vakapinda muchikwata chaDuke Ellington. Tiri kutaura nezve tenor saxophonist Ben Webster uye kaviri bassist Jimm Blanton. Kuuya kwevaimbi kwakangovandudza ruzha rwenziyo dzacho. Izvi zvakakurudzira Duke kuenda kune imwe rwendo rweEurope. Nenguva isipi, tarenda raKennedy nenziyo zvakazivikanwa padanho repamusoro. Kuedza kwaDuke kwakaongwa naLeopold Stokowski uye munyori wekuRussia Igor Stravinsky.
Zviito zvaDuke Ellington panguva yehondo
Ipapo muimbi akanyora nziyo dzefirimu "Cabin in the Clouds". Muna 1942, Duke Ellington akaunganidza horo yakazara paCarnegie Hall. Akapa mari yese yaakawana kubva mukuita kuti atsigire USSR munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri.
Sezvo Hondo Yenyika II yakapera, kufarira mimhanzi kwevanhu, kunyanya jazz, kwakatanga kudzikira. Vanhu vakanga vakanyura mukuora mwoyo, uye, chokwadika, chinhu bedzi chakanga chichivanetsa chakanga chiri mugariro wavo wemari.
Duke nechikwata chake vakaramba vachiyangarara kwenguva yakati. Asi ipapo mamiriro ezvemari aKennedy akawedzera kuipa, uye akanga asingakwanisi kubhadhara mimhanzi yevaimbi. Chikwata chakaguma kuvapo. Ellington akazviwanira mari yakawedzerwa. Akatanga kunyora mimhanzi yemafirimu.
Zvakadaro, muimbi haana kurasa tariro yekudzokera ku jazz. Uye akazviita muna 1956, zvinoshamisa uye zvinoshamisa. Muimbi uyu akatamba pamutambo wegenre muNewport. Nerubatsiro rwemurongi William Strayhorn nevatambi vatsva, Ellington akafadza vanoda mimhanzi nenziyo dzakadai saLady Mac uye Half the Fun. Sezvineiwo, nziyo dzacho dzakanga dzakavakirwa pamabasa aShakespeare.
Asi ma1960 akavhura mweya mutsva kumuimbi. Iyi nguva yaive yepamusoro pechipiri yekuzivikanwa mubasa raDuke. Muimbi uyu akapihwa 11 Grammy mibairo yakatevedzana.
Mukupera kwema1960, Ellington akapiwa Order of Freedom. Mubairo uyu wakapihwa muimbi nemutungamiri weUnited States of America, Richard Nixon. Makore matatu gare gare, Duke akapihwa mubairo neMutungamiri mutsva weUS, Lyndon Johnson.
Duke Ellington: hupenyu hwemunhu
Duke akaroora aine 19. Mudzimai wekutanga wemuimbi aiva Edna Thompson. Zvinoshamisa kuti Ellington akagara muwanano nemukadzi uyu kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake. Vaviri vacho vaiva nemwanakomana, Mercer, akaberekwa muna 1919.
Kufa kwaDuke Ellington
Muimbi akatanga kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka paakanga achishanda parwiyo rwemufirimu weMind Exchange. Zviratidzo zvekutanga hazvina kukonzera Duke kunetseka kwakanyanya.
Muna 1973, vanozivikanwa vakaita chirwere chinoodza mwoyo - kenza yemapapu. Kwapera gore, Duke akava nemabayo, uye mamiriro ake ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa.
Musi waMay 24, 1974, Duke Ellington akashaya. Muimbi ane mukurumbira akavigwa mazuva matatu gare gare kumakuva ekare eNew York, Woodlawn, ari muBronx.
Jazzman akazofa akapiwa Mubairo wePulitzer. Muna 1976, iyo Center yakatumidzwa zita rake yakavambwa. Mukamuri unogona kuona mifananidzo yakawanda yemuimbi.
