Ndiani anodzidzisa shiri kuimba? Uyu mubvunzo wakapusa chaizvo. Shiri inozvarwa ine muririro uyu. Kwaari, kuimba nekufema pfungwa dzakafanana. Izvi zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezvemumwe wevatambi vakakurumbira muzana remakore rapfuura, Charlie Parker, uyo aiwanzonzi Bird.
Charlie ingano yejazz isingafi. American saxophonist uye munyori akazova mumwe wevatangi vebebop maitiro. Mutambi akakwanisa kuita shanduko chaiyo munyika yejazz. Akasika pfungwa itsva yekuti mimhanzi chii.
Bebop (be-bop, bop) chimiro chejazz chakavamba mukutanga uye pakati pema1940 ezana ramakore reXX. Iyo yakaratidzwa maitiro inogona kuratidzwa nekukurumidza tempo uye yakaoma kuvandudzwa.
Charlie Parker hudiki uye hudiki
Charlie Parker akaberekwa Nyamavhuvhu 29, 1920 mutaundi diki redunhu reKansas City (Kansas). Akapedza hudiki hwake muKansas City, Missouri.
Mukomana kubva achiri muduku aifarira mumhanzi. Pazera ramakore gumi nerimwe, akagona kuridza saxophone, uye makore matatu gare gare, Charlie Parker akava nhengo yesangano rechikoro. Akafara chose kuti akanga awana kufona kwake.
Mukutanga kwema1930, imwe mhando yemimhanzi yejazz yakagadzirwa munzvimbo yakazvarwa Parker. Chimiro chitsva chakasiyaniswa nekupinda, icho chaive "chakarukwa" neblues tonations, pamwe nekuvandudza. Mimhanzi yairira kwese kwese uye zvaisaita kuti ndidane nayo.
Kutanga kwebasa rekugadzira raCharlie Parker
Mukuyaruka, Charlie Parker akasarudza nezveramangwana rake basa. Akasiya chikoro ndokupinda mubhendi. Vaimbi vaiimba mumadhisiko, mapati nemaresitorendi.
Pasinei nebasa rinonetesa, vateereri vakafungidzira maitiro evakomana pamadhora 1. Asi kamuromo kadiki kaive kasina kana tichienzanisa neruzivo rwaive nemuimbi pachikuva. Panguva iyoyo, Charlie Parker ainzi Yardbird (Yardbird), iro muuto raireva "rookie".
Charlie akayeuka kuti panguva yekutanga yebasa rake aifanira kupedza maawa anopfuura 15 mukudzidzira. Kuneta kwamakirasi kwakafadza jaya racho zvikuru.
Muna 1938 akabatana nepiyano ye jazz Jay McShann. Kubva panguva iyoyo akatanga basa reunyanzvi hwevatanga. Pamwe chete neboka raJay, akashanyira America, uye akatoshanyira New York. Marekodhi ekutanga ehunyanzvi aParker anosvika panguva ino, sechikamu cheMcShann ensemble.
Charlie Parker achitamira kuNew York
Muna 1939, Charlie Parker akazadzisa chiroto chake chaaida. Akatamira kuNew York kuti aite basa rake. Zvisinei, muguta guru, aifanira kuwana kwete chete mimhanzi. Kwenguva yakareba, murume uyu akashanda sedhishi yemadhora 9 pavhiki paJimmies Chicken Shack, uko kwaiwanzoitwa neArt Tatum yakakurumbira.
Makore matatu gare gare, Parker akasiya nzvimbo iyo basa rake rehunyanzvi remimhanzi rakanga ratanga. Akaonekana neMcShann Ensemble kuti atambe muEarl Hines Orchestra. Ikoko akasangana nehwamanda Dizzy Gillespie.
Hushamwari hwaCharlie naDizzy hwakatanga kuita hukama hwekushanda. Vaimbi vakatanga kuita muduti. Kutanga kwebasa raCharlie rekugadzira uye kuumbwa kweiyo nyowani bebop chimiro chakaramba chiripo pasina chokwadi chakasimbiswa. Yakanga iri mhosva yese yekurova kweAmerican Federation of Musicians muna 1942-1943. Ipapo Parker haana kurekodha zvinyorwa zvitsva.
Nenguva isipi jazz "legend" yakabatana neboka revaimbi vairidza mumakirabhu ehusiku muHarlem. Kuwedzera kuna Charlie Parker, boka racho raisanganisira: Dizzy Gillespie, piano Thelonious Monk, gitare Charlie Christian uye mutambi Kenny Clarke.
The boppers vaiva nechiono chavo pachavo chekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi ye jazz, uye vakataura maonero avo. Monku akamboti:
“Nharaunda yedu inoda kuridza mhanzi ‘isingakwanise kuridza. Izwi rekuti "iro" rinofanirwa kureva vachena mabhendi avo vakatora maitiro ekudzungaira kubva kuvanhu vatema uye panguva imwechete vachiita mari kubva mumimhanzi ... ".
Charlie Parker, pamwe nevanhu vake vane pfungwa dzakafanana, vakatamba kumakirabhu ehusiku pa52nd Street. Kazhinji, vaimbi vaienda kumakirabhu "Three Duchess" uye "Onyx".
MuNew York, Parker akatora zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvakabhadharwa. Mudzidzisi wake akanga ari munyori ane tarenda uye murongi Maury Deutsch.
Basa raCharlie Parker mukuvandudza bebop
Mumakore ekuma1950, Charlie Parker akapa hurukuro yakadzama kune rimwe remabhuku ane mukurumbira. Muimbi akayeuka humwe hweusiku muna 1939. Akabva aridza Cherokee negitare William "Biddy" Fleet. Charlie akati paive husiku ihwohwo paakave nepfungwa yekusiyanisa iyo "isipid" solo.
Pfungwa yaParker yakaita kuti mumhanzi unzwike zvakasiyana. Akaona kuti, achishandisa kurira kwese 12 kwechromatic scale, zvinobvira kunanga rwiyo mune chero kiyi. Izvi zvakatyora mitemo yakajairika yekuvakwa kwejazz solos, asi panguva imwechete yakagadzira zvinyorwa "tastier".
Bebop payaive ichiri mudiki, vatsoropodzi vazhinji vemimhanzi uye jazzmen venguva yekuswing vakashoropodza gwara idzva. Asi mabhobho ndicho chinhu chekupedzisira chavaive nehanya nacho.
Vakadaidza avo vairamba kuvandudzwa kwerudzi rutsva, maonde akaumbwa (zvinoreva "moldy trifle", "moldy forms"). Asi pakanga paine nyanzvi dzaive dzakanaka nezve bebop. Coleman Hawkins naBenny Goodman vakapinda mujam, rekodhi rekodhi, pamwe chete nevamiriri verudzi rutsva.
Nekuti kurambidzwa kwemakore maviri kwekutengesa kurekodha kubva muna 1942 kusvika 1944, mazhinji emazuva ekutanga ebebop haana kurekodhwa pamarekodhi.
Kusvikira 1945, vaimbi havana kuonekwa, saka Charlie Parker akaramba ari mumumvuri mukurumbira wake. Charlie, naDizzy Gillespie, Max Roach naBud Powell, akazunungusa nyika yemimhanzi.
Ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa kuita kwaCharlie Parker.
Imwe yemitambo ine mukurumbira neboka diki yakaburitswa zvakare pakati pema2000: "Koniti kuNew York Town Hall. Chikumi 22, 1945". Bebop munguva pfupi yakatevera yakawana kuzivikanwa kwakapararira. Vaimbi vakawana vateveri kwete chete muchimiro chevanoda mimhanzi chete, asiwo vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi.
Gore rimwe chetero, Charlie Parker akarekodha kune iyo Savoy label. Iko kurekodha kwakazove imwe yeakakurumbira jazz zvikamu zvenguva dzese. Zvirongwa zveKo-Ko uye Zvino ndiyo Nguva zvakanyanya kucherechedzwa nevatsoropodzi.
Vachitsigira zvakarekodhwa zvitsva, Charlie naDizzy vakaenda kushanyo huru yeUnited States of America. Hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti rwendo rwakabudirira. Rwendo rwakapera muLos Angeles paBilly Berg's.
Mushure mekushanya, vazhinji vevaimbi vakadzokera kuNew York, asi Parker akasara muCalifornia. Muimbi akachinjanisa tikiti rake nezvinodhaka. Kunyange ipapo, akanga akapindwa muropa neheroin nedoro zvokuti aisagona kudzora upenyu hwake. Somugumisiro weizvi, nyeredzi yakaguma muchipatara chepfungwa cheCamarillo.
Kupindwa muropa kwaCharlie Parker
Charlie Parker akatanga kuedza zvinodhaka paakanga ari kure nechikuva uye mukurumbira muzhinji. Kupindwa muropa kwemuimbi neheroin ndicho chikonzero chekutanga chekukanzurwa kwemakonzati uye kudonha kwemari yake.
Kuwedzera, Charlie akatanga kurarama kuburikidza ne "kubvunza" - kuita mumugwagwa. Paakanga asina mari yakakwana yezvinodhaka, haana kuzeza kuakwereta kune vaaishanda navo. Kugamuchira zvipo kubva kune mafeni kana kukwenya saxophone yake yaanofarira. Kazhinji varongi vemitambo vasati vaenda konzati yeParker kuenda kuchitoro kunodzikinura chiridzwa chemimhanzi.
Charlie Parker akagadzira hunyanzvi chaihwo. Zvisinei, hazvibviriwo kuramba kuti muimbi wacho akanga akapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.
Charlie paakatamira kunogara kuCalifornia, kuwana heroin kwakanga kusiri nyore. Hwaiva hupenyu hwakati siyanei kuno, uye hwakanga husina kufanana nemhoteredzo yemuNew York. Nyeredzi yakatanga kutsiva kushaikwa kweheroin nekunwa doro zvakanyanya.
Kurekodha kweiyo Dial label muenzaniso wakajeka wemamiriro emuimbi. Mutambo usati watanga, Parker akanwa bhodhoro rese redoro. PaMax Kugadzira Wax, Charlie akasvetuka mabhawa mashoma ekwaya yekutanga. Nyanzvi payakazobatana, zvakava pachena kuti yakanga yakadhakwa uye haigoni kumira netsoka. Pakurekodha Lover Man, mugadziri Ross Russell aifanira kutsigira Parker.
Mushure mekunge Parker aburitswa muchipatara chepfungwa, akanzwa kufara. Charlie akarekodha mamwe emhando dzakanyanya hunyanzvi hwerepertoire yake.
Asati abva kuCalifornia, muimbi akaburitsa Relaxin 'paCamarillo theme mukukudza kugara kwake muchipatara. Zvisinei, paakadzokera kuNew York, akatanga muitiro wekare. Heroin yakadya chaizvo hupenyu hwemukurumbira.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezveCharlie Parker
- Mazita enziyo dzakawanda dzakanyorwa naCharlie akabatana neshiri.
- Muna 1948, mutambi akawana zita rokuti "Muimbi Wegore" (maererano nebhuku rakakurumbira "Metronome").
- Nezvekuonekwa kwezita rezita "Ptah", maonero akasiyana. Imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa shanduro inonzwika seizvi: shamwari dzakatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa Charlie "Shiri" nekuda kwekuda kwakanyanyisa kwemuimbi kwehuku dzakakangwa. Imwe vhezheni ndeyekuti achifamba nechikwata chake, Parker netsaona akapinda muchikwere chehuku.
- Shamwari dzaCharlie Parker dzakataura kuti ainyatsoziva mimhanzi - kubva kuEuropean classic kusvika kuLatin America nenyika.
- Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Parker akatendeukira kuIslam, ndokuva nhengo yesangano reAhmadiyya muUnited States of America.
Kufa kwaCharlie Parker
Charlie Parker akafa musi waKurume 12, 1955. Akafa achiona chirongwa cheDorsey Brothers Orchestra paTV.
Nyanzvi yakafa nekurwiswa kwakanyanya kumashure kwe cirrhosis yechiropa. Parker airatidzika zvakaipa. Vanachiremba pavakasvika kuzomuongorora, vakapa Parker makore makumi mashanu nematatu, kunyangwe Charlie aive makumi matatu nemana panguva yerufu rwake.
Vaya vateveri vanoda kunzwa biography yemuimbi vanofanira kunyatsoona iyo firimu, iyo yakatsaurirwa kune biography yaCharlie Parker. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pefirimu "Shiri" inotungamirirwa naClint Eastwood. Basa guru mufirimu rakaenda kuForest Whitaker.
