Antonín Dvořák mumwe wevanyori vakajeka veCzech vakashanda mumhando yerudo. Mumabasa ake, akakwanisa neunyanzvi kubatanidza leitmotifs dzinowanzonzi classical, pamwe chete nemaitiro echinyakare emimhanzi yenyika. Akanga asina kuganhurirwa kurudzi rumwe chete, uye aida kugara achiedza mimhanzi.
Uduku
Muimbi ane hunyanzvi akaberekwa munaGunyana 8, 1841 mumusha wepurovhinzi, waiva pedyo neimba yeNelahozeves. Vabereki vese vaive vechiCzech. Vaikoshesa tsika dzerudzi rwenyika yavo.
Mukuru wemhuri aichengeta tavern duku, uye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, aishanda somucheki. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kudzidza kuridza zviridzwa zvakawanda. Gare gare, akaunzawo mwanakomana wake kumimhanzi.
Antonin akakura semukomana anoteerera uye akapfava. Aigara achiedza kubatsira vabereki vake mukusimudzira bhizinesi remhuri. Zvisinei, mweya wake wakakwevera kumumhanzi. Mukomana wacho paakaenda kugiredhi 1, vabereki vake vakabatsirawo pakuti ainyatsoziva zvidzidzo zvokuimba.
Dzidzo yemimhanzi yaAntonin yakabatwa naJosef Spitz. Makore mashomanana chete akanga akakwana kuti mukomana wacho agone kuridza violin. Gare gare, achafadza vashanyi vetavheni yababa vake nokutamba kwake kwounyanzvi. Dzimwe nguva aitora chikamu mukuronga kwezviitiko zvemafestive church.
Vechidiki veMaestro Antonín Dvořák
Apedza chikoro, akatumirwa kuguta reZlonitsy. Mukuru wemhuri aida kuti mwanakomana wake atevere tsoka dzake, uye akamuraira kuti adzidze basa remubhucha. Panguva yezvidzidzo zvake, Antonin aigara nababamunini vake. Akaendesa mukomana kuchikoro, kwaakadzidza chiGerman. Dvorak aive nerombo rakanaka nekuti Kantor Antonin Leman akazove mudzidzisi wekirasi yake. Nechitarisiko chounyanzvi, akakoshesa mukomana wacho, ndokuzomudzidzisa kuridza ogani nepiyano.
Haana kurega mimhanzi uye kudzidza. Nenguva isipi akakwanisa kuwana gwaro rekushanda somudzidzi. Zvinonakidza kuti panguva iyoyo mhuri yose yakanga yatamira kunogara zvachose muZlonitsy. Antonin pachake akatumirwa kuti aenderere mberi nezvidzidzo zvake muKamenets. Mushure mazvo, mhanza yakanyemwerera kwaari. Akava mudzidzi wechikoro chenhengo muPrague.
Nenguva isipi akagamuchira chinzvimbo chokuva ogani muchechi. Basa idzva rakamukurudzira kuti adzidze mabasa evanyori vakakurumbira. Ipapo pfungwa yakauya kwaari kuti iye pachake aigona kukudziridza tarenda remunyori maari pachake.
Nzira yekugadzira uye mimhanzi yemunyori Antonín Dvořák
Apedza kudzidza pane imwe nzvimbo yedzidzo, akasarudza kusabva muPrague. Akatora nzvimbo yeviolist muKarel Komzak chapel, uye makore gumi gare gare - muimbi ari muochestra ye "Provisional Theater". Akave nerukudzo rwekupa kune veruzhinji akati wandei enziyo dzinoyevedza naLiszt, Wagner, Berlioz naGlinka.
Nenguva isipi akafadzwa nechishuwo chekugadzira opera, uye saka akarega kubva kuimba yemitambo. Akapedza nguva yakawanda pakusikwa kwebasa "Mambo uye Mugodhi weMalahle". Kuratidzwa kwe opera kwakaitika muna 1874.
Basa remunyori wekutanga rakagamuchirwa neushamwari neveruzhinji. Kuzivikanwa kwakamirirwa kwenguva refu kwakawira pana Antonin. Pamafungu ebudiriro, anopa akati wandei mamwe maopera akabudirira zvakaenzana. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvinyorwa: "Wanda", "Akasindimara", "Peasant Akangwara".
Kuwedzera kwemanzwiro kwakatsiviwa ne melancholy. Kwakauya nguva apo Dvorak akanga asiri kusvika pakusika. Chokwadi ndechekuti vana vatatu vakafa panguva iyi. Akadurura dambudziko rose remamiriro ezvinhu muzvinyorwa zvake. Vakazadzwa neshungu neshungu.
Kuzivikanwa kwemunyori Antonín Dvořák
Pakazosvika 1878 chete akakwanisa kurarama nekurasikirwa kukuru. Mukadzi wake akamupa mwana. Yakanga iri nekuda kwechiitiko ichi kuti Dvorak akakwanisa kupindira uye kuchinja nzira yekugadzira mabasa matsva.
Panguva ino, mumwe wevabudisi vemimhanzi anorayira muunganidzwa wemitambo "Slavic Dances" kubva kumunyori. Mushure mekubudiswa kwebasa, vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vakapa maestro akamira. Mafeni akatenga mimhanzi yemashizha, uye maodha matsva aibva kune muparidzi.
Akanga ari pakakwirira pakuzivikanwa kwake. Mapepanhau akanyora nezvake, izvo zvakaparira kuti konzati, iyo yakaitika mukati meiyi nhambo yenguva, yakaitirwa muhoro yakazara. Havana kuda kurega Antonin achibva pachikuva.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, akasarudzwa kuva nhengo yeCraftsman's Conversation association. Nenguva isipi akatungamira gwara remubatanidzwa uyu. Maestro akatanga kuita sedare redzimhosva pamakwikwi emimhanzi ane mukurumbira. Panguva ino, hapana konzati yaigona kuita pasina kuita kwemabasa ake akanaka. Vakayemurwa. Akanga anamatwa.
Muna 1901, chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chakaitika. Maestro akapa opera "Mermaid" kune vateveri vebasa rake. Kusvika iye zvino, basa iri rinoonekwa sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha chemuumbi.
Munguva iyi yenguva, hutano hwemuimbi hwakatanga kuipa. Akanga asingagoni kuisa pfungwa dzake pakunyora nziyo. Basa rekupedzisira raAntonin raiva Armida.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunyori
Muna 1873, munyori akanyoresa hukama nemukadzi anonzi Anna Chermakova. Aive nedzinza rakanaka. Anna akanga ari mwanasikana wemushonga wematombo anokudzwa.
Hupenyu hwega hwemaestro hwakabudirira kwazvo. Chengetedzo chete yaive yekuti Antonin aisakwanisa kuvandudza mamiriro ake emari kwenguva yakareba. Vana vakakurumidza kuberekwa mumhuri, uye, chokwadi, mari yakawedzera pamwe chete neizvi.
Mhuri payakange yaparara, maestro akamanikidzwa kunyorera bhezari kune vaimbi vane mari shoma. Gare gare, akadanwa kusangano rehurumende, uko iye, kuti asimbise basa rake rokusika, akaridza nziyo dzakawanda.
Pakupedzisira, akapiwa rubatsiro, uye rwakabatsira zvikuru, sezvo vana vaifa mumwe pashure pomumwe munguva iyi yenguva. Sezvineiwo, nokufamba kwenguva, mamiriro ezvemari emhuri akavandudzika, uye vaigona kuwana upenyu hwenguva dzose.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezve maestro
- Akanga akazvininipisa uye akazvipira kuna Mwari. Akanga akasununguka nekufamba muzvisikwa. Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzakakurudzira maestro kuti anyore mabasa matsva.
- Dvořák ndiro zita rinonyanya kuzivikanwa muCzech Republic.
- Kune miziyamu muPrague yakatsaurirwa kumunyori ane hunyanzvi.
- Akanga achinetsa zvikuru mubasa rake. Semuyenzaniso, opera The King and the Coal Miner, akarigadzirisa kakawanda.
- "Mambo uye Collier" yakaitwa kakawanda munhandare dzePrague, asi mune dzimwe dzimba dzemitambo hazvina kumboitika.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaAntonín Dvořák
Akafa musi waMay 1, 1904. Rufu rwakawira maestro nekuda kwekubuda ropa muuropi. Mutumbi wemunyori wacho wakavigwa muPrague. Nhaka yakapfuma yeAntonin haipei veruzhinji mukana wekukanganwa nezve maestro makuru. Nhasi, mabasa ake asingafi anonzwika kwete chete mumitambo yemitambo, asiwo mumafirimu emazuva ano.
