Anton Rubinstein akave akakurumbira semuimbi, munyori uye kondakita. Vokunyika vakawanda havana kunzwisisa basa Anton Grigorievich. Akakwanisa kuita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira mimhanzi yekare.
Ubwana uye huduku
Anton akaberekwa November 28, 1829 mumusha muduku Vykhvatynets. Aibva kumhuri yevaJudha. Pashure pokunge mitezo yose yemhuri yatendeukira kuOrthodoxy, vakawana mukana wakasiyana wokutamira kuguta guru reRussia. Muguta guru, mhuri yakatovhura bhizinesi diki raipa mari yakanaka.
Mukuru wemhuri akazarura fekitari duku yokugadzira mapini nezvinhu zviduku. Uye amai vacho vakanga vari kuita basa rokurera vana.
Amai vaAnton Rubinstein vairidza piyano zvinoyevedza. Paakaona kuti mukomana wacho aifarira chiridzwa, akasarudza kuti aizotanga kudzidziswa. Nenguva isipi akanyoresa mwanakomana wake muzvidzidzo zvakavanzika zvemimhanzi nemudzidzisi ane tarenda Alexander Ivanovich Villuan.
Mudiki Rubinstein airatidza kuridza piyano kwakanakisa. Nechekare muna 1839, Alexander akabvumira mudzidzi ane tarenda kutaura pachena. Kwapera gore, Anton, achitsigirwa nomudzidzisi wake, akaenda kuEurope. Ikoko akataura kune vanhu vakanaka venzanga. Uye kunyange akaratidza mano emimhanzi mudenderedzwa revanyori vakakurumbira vakadai saFranz Liszt naFrederic Chopin.
Pashure pemakore mashanu, mukomana akadzokera kunyika yake kwenguva pfupi. Pashure pokunge apedza nguva yakati ari pamba, akaenda kuBerlin. Mune imwe nyika, Anton Grigorievich akatora zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kubva kuna Theodor Kullak naSiegfried Dehn. Nguva yose iyi, muimbi wacho aitsigirwa naamai vake nehanzvadzi yake. Amai vaisagona kutumira mwanakomana wavo oga kune imwe nyika, nokuti vaiona Anton semunhu anovimba naye.
Kwapera gore, zvakazozivikanwa kuti mukuru wemhuri akanga afa. Amai vaAnton nomunun’una wake vakamanikidzwa kusiya Berlin. Rubinstein akaenda kunharaunda yeAustria. Mune imwe nyika, akaramba achivandudza hunyanzvi hwake hwekhibhodi.
Anton Grigorievich haana kuifarira zvikuru ikoko. Mukuwedzera, munguva iyi yenguva, haana kumbodzidza nzira yekuwana nayo chokurarama nacho. Zvaiva nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi kuti akamanikidzwa kusiya Austria uye kuenda kumba kwababa vake. Nenguva isipi munyori wacho akatamira kuguta guru retsika reRussia. MuSt. Petersburg, akatanga kudzidzisa.
Basa remaestro Anton Rubinstein
Muimbi wacho akakurumidza kuonekwa munzanga yeSt. Ichokwadi ndechokuti Rubinstein aigara achitaura kumhuri yeumambo uye vamwe vanozivikanwa. Nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwake, Anton Grigoryevich akasangana nenhengo dzenharaunda yakakurumbira yetsika "The Mighty Handful".
Pasi pesimba resangano, Rubinstein akaedza ruoko rwake semutungamiri. Muna 1852, akapa opera "Dmitry Donskoy" kune vateveri vemimhanzi yekare. Opera yakagamuchirwa noushamwari kwete chete nevateereri, asiwo nevatsoropodzi vane chiremera chemimhanzi.
Nenguva isipi, dura remimhanzi ramaestro rakazadzikiswa nemamwe maopera akati wandei asingafi. Mumabasa akaratidzwa, munyori akashanda nesimba pamusoro pemadingindira nenziyo dzevanhu veRussia. Pamusoro pezvo, akapa mutero kune mitsva yekuMadokero maitiro mumhanzi.
Rubinstein akabva aedza kugadzira specialized academy. Akaita kanoverengeka kuedza kugadzira chikoro chedzidzo, asi zvese hazvina kubudirira. Hapana akatsigira Anton, saka akakurumidza kurega.
Panguva iyoyo, mabasa emaestro akanga asina kutorwa. Hapana kana imwe yemitambo iripo yaida kutora kugadzirwa kwayo. Akanga asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekuedza tarenda rake rekuumba kunze kwenyika. Nerutsigiro rweshamwari yake Liszt kunze kwenyika, akaronga opera Siberian Hunters. Akaitawo konzati yemaawa akawanda muguta reLeipzig. Kutamba kwemuimbi wekuRussia kwakaita kuti vateereri vanyanye kunakidza. Pashure paizvozvo, akaenda rwendo rweEurope.
Akatenderera nyika dzeEurope kweanenge makore mana. Ichokwadi chokuti vateereri vakapa Rubinstein amire akafuridzirwa akakurudzira muimbi. Akatanga kushanda pakusikwa kwemaopera matsva nekuzvipira kukuru.
Kuvambwa kweSosaiti yemimhanzi
Sezvo ari pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwake, akakwanisa kunyengetedza vakuru-vakuru kuti vape mari yekugadzira nzanga yemimhanzi. Pfungwa yesosaiti yaive yakarongeka mitambo ye symphony orchestra inotungamirwa ne maestro.
Akabva aronga makirasi ekudzidzisa mimhanzi. Vaimbi vane zvipo vakanyoreswa ikoko, vaigona kuvandudza unyanzvi hwavo mukuridza zviridzwa. Chero ani zvake aigona kupinda chikoro. Mamiriro akange asina basa.
Apo nhamba yevadzidzi yakawedzera, Anton Grigoryevich akavhura nzvimbo yokutanga yokuchengetera vanhu yokuRussia muSt. Rubinstein akatora nzvimbo yemutungamiriri, kondakita uye mudzidzisi.
Nhengo dze "Mighty Handful" nzanga hadzina kubvuma pakarepo chishuwo chemuimbi chekuumba sangano rezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Asi pasina nguva vakatsigira mumwe wavo.
Muchivanze, pfungwa yekugadzira chikoro chedzidzo yemimhanzi yakagamuchirwa zvikuru. Mushure mokunge Anton Grigorievich ane nharo nemunhu wepamusoro-soro, akasiya nzvimbo yemutungamiriri weConservatory. Muna 1887 akadzoka uye akatungamirira Conservatory kwemakore akatevera. Sezvineiwo, gore rino muimbi ane mukurumbira wekuRussia Repin akaratidzira Rubinstein panguva yake yaanofarira.
Anton Grigoryevich akati, pasinei nekuita kwakakosha, chero muimbi anozviremekedza anofanira kuvandudza unyanzvi hwake uye ruzivo. Haana kugumira ipapo, achienderera mberi nekunyora operas, romances uye mitambo. Mukutanga kwa1870, maestro akafadza vateveri vemimhanzi yechinyakare neopera The Dhimoni. Mhedzisiro yacho yaiva basa raLermontov. Akapedza makore akati kuti ari standby. Rubinstein akarota kuti opera yake yaizoitwa paMariinsky Theatre.
Mushure mekutanga, vazhinji vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi nevaoni vaive vasina hanya nekugadzirwa. Opera haina kufadza veruzhinji. Chete mushure mekufa kwemaestro, apo chikamu chikuru chakaitwa naFedor Chaliapin, basa racho rakave rakakurumbira. Mumakore mashoma akatevera, yakaitwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi.
Pakati pezvinyorwa zvemaestro zvakakurumbira ndeye symphony "Ocean", oratorio "Kristu" uye "Shulamiti". Pamwe nemaopera: Nero, Maccabees uye Feramor.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemunyori Anton Rubinstein
Anton Grigoryevich aiva munhu akavanzika, saka zvishoma zvaizivikanwa nezvehupenyu hwake pachake. Chokwadi chayo chikuru chakabatana naPeterhof. Ikoko akaita rombo rakanaka kusangana nemusikana akazova mukadzi wake. Mudzimai waMaestro ainzi Vera. Vana vatatu vakazvarwa mumhuri. Imwe mhuri yakakura yaigara muimba youmbozha, yaiva pedyo neSt. Mudzimai akakwanisa kuva kwete chete mudzimai ane rudo, asiwo shamwari Anton Grigorievich. Akafuridzira maestro kunyora mabasa akanaka.
Padhoro rechipiri reimba yakaisvonaka yaiva hofisi yaAnton Grigoryevich, iyo yakanga yakashongedzwawo kune zvaanoda. Maive nepiyano, sofa diki uye rakasununguka mumba umu. Madziro echidzidzo chacho akanga akashongedzwa nemifananidzo yemhuri. Mukamuri ino, Rubinstein akagadzira chinyorwa "Kurira kweCicadas". Pamwe nemamwe mabasa akati wandei akazadzwa neruzha rwezvakasikwa.
Vaenzi vakakurumbira vaiwanzouya kuimba yeRubinstein. Mudzimai waAnton Grigorievich aiva mukadzi ane mutsa. Haana kurega murume wake achifinhwa, achiunganidza shamwari dzake dzinodiwa dzemhuri yakakurumbira mumba make.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori Anton Rubinstein
- Munyori aiziva kuti urombo nenzara chii. Paakava nemukurumbira, haana kukanganwa kubatsira vaya vaishayiwa. Muna 1893, muSt.
- Parwendo rweNorth America, akaita makonzati anopfuura mazana maviri.
- Achitaura kumhuri yamambo, maestro akakwanisa kufadza nhengo yese yemhuri. Nicholas ndakayemura kutamba kwehunyanzvi kwatenzi.
- Basa remimhanzi "Merchant Kalashnikov", rinotungamirirwa naAnton Grigoryevich, rakarambidzwa kakawanda muRussian Federation.
- Akapiwa zita reHonorary Citizen yePeterhof.
Makore Ekupedzisira eHupenyu hwaMaestro Anton Rubinstein
Muna 1893, munyori akawana kuvhunduka kukuru mupfungwa. Chokwadi ndechokuti pazera remakore 20, mwanakomana wake wegotwe akafa. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekugara achinetseka, akabatwa nechando. Munguva iyi yenguva, hutano hwaRubinstein hwakadzikira zvakanyanya.
Kwapera gore, akatanga kushanda nesimba. Mitoro yakatonyanya kubata muviri wake. Vanachiremba vakakurudzira maestro kuti afunge nezvemararamiro. Rubinstein haana kuteerera kune ani zvake.
Pakupera kwematsutso Anton Grigorievich aigara ari overexcited mamiriro. Dambudziko racho rakawedzerwa nekushaya hope uye kurwadziwa kweruoko rweruboshwe. Manheru aNovember 19, muimbi akapedza neshamwari, uye akarwara usiku. Ainyunyuta nekushanda nesimba. Rubinstein akabata nesimba rake rose, asi akamirira kuti vanachiremba vauye.
Pakusvika kwevanachiremba, vanachiremba vakaedza kuita zvose kuti vabvise maestro kubva kune imwe nyika. Asi chishamiso chacho hachina kuitika. Akafa musi waNovember 20, 1894. Chikonzero chekufa kwaiva kurwadza kwemoyo.
