Vsevolod Zaderatsky - Russian uye Ukrainian Soviet muimbi, muimbi, munyori, mudzidzisi. Akararama hupenyu hwakapfuma, asi hazvigone kunzi husina makore.
Zita remunyori wacho ragara risingazikanwi kune vanoyemura mimhanzi yekare. Zita uye nhaka yekugadzira yeZaderatsky inotarisirwa kuparadzwa kubva panyika. Akava musungwa weimwe yakaoma Stalinist misasa - Sevvostlag. Mabasa emimhanzi e maestro akapona nenzira inoshamisa uye akapona nanhasi.
PaYouTube hauzowana zvakarekodhwa zvemuimbi. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, akakwanisa kamwe chete kuita chidimbu chake chemimhanzi pachikuva chikuru. Pakanga pasina kana poster, vakangonyora chirongwa chekonzati pabepa renotibhuku.
Vsevolod Zaderatsky: uduku uye uduku
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMaestro ndiDecember 21, 1891. Akaberekerwa munharaunda yeRivne (zvino Rivne dunhu, Volyn mudunhu, Russian Empire). Munguva yehupenyu hwake, akakwanisa kuzivisa kuti huduku hwake hwakapfuura nemufaro. Vabereki vakakwanisa kupa Vsevolod kurerwa kwakanakisisa, tsika uye dzidzo.
Pashure penguva yakati, mhuri yakachinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara. Zaderatsky akasangana pauduku hwake kumaodzanyemba Russian guta Kursk. Kubvira pauduku, akakwezvwa mumhanzi. Vabereki vakatarisira dzidzo yemwanakomana wavo. Pashure pokunge agamuchira zivo inokosha, akaenda kuMoscow.
Muguta guru reRussia, Vsevolod akava mudzidzi weko Conservatory. Murume wechidiki akadzidza kuumbwa, piyano uye kuitisa. Zvinozivikanwawo kuti akawana dzidzo yechipiri. Akapinda Moscow University, achizvisarudzira Faculty of Law.
Basa raVsevolod Zaderatsky semudzidzisi wemimhanzi
Mushure menguva yakati, Vsevolod akawana basa semudzidzisi wemimhanzi mumhuri yehumambo. Zvinozivikanwawo kuti munyori akadzidzisa zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kune mugari wenhaka pachigaro, Alexei, uyo panguva iyoyo aigara muSt.
Mwanakomana waVsevolod ane chokwadi chokuti chaiva chiitiko ichi muupenyu hwababa vake chakava chikonzero chakanaka chokuparadza baba vake uye, chaizvoizvo, kumubvisa zvachose kubva muupenyu hwemimhanzi yeSoviet.
Muna 1916 akadanwa kumberi. Vsevolod haana kuda kurwa, asi haana kodzero yekuramba. Akatora chikamu muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Pashure pemakore mana, aifanira zvakare kutora zvombo. Panguva ino muWhite Army muHondo yeVanhu. Kupera kwakaiswa kubasa rake rechiuto panguva yaakatorwa neRed Army. Vaida kumupfura kaviri - uye vakamuregerera kaviri. Hurumende yakasarudza kudzinga Vsevolod kuRyazan.
Iri harisi taundi rekutanga dunhu rakaendeswa maestro. Akabviswa nemaune kubva kuMoscow, nokuti vakanzwisisa kuti muguta rino, zvisinei, semuSt. Makore mashomanana chete Zaderatsky akakwanisa kugara muguta guru Russia. Akapiwa iyo inonzi "wolf passport", iyo haina kumupa kodzero yekugara mumaguta makuru.
Kusvikira pakuvira kwezuva kwe30s yezana remakore rapfuura, akanga ari mumamiriro e "kunyimwa". Akanga asina kodzero yokuvhota, kuwana basa rechigarire, kushanyira dzimwe nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, kuridza runhare. Hupenyu hwaVsevolod kutyisidzira, kubvisa nemaune munharaunda, kurwira kodzero dzemunhu, kukanganisa hupenyu, rusununguko, uye kugona kugadzira.
Kusungwa kweVsevolod Zaderatsky
Apo vaBolshevik vakatanga kutonga, muimbi akarangarira tsigiro yavachena. Izvi zvakayambuka hupenyu hwose hwaZaderatsky, uye nokuda kweNKVD akagara asina kuvimbika.
Pakati pe-20s yezana remakore rapfuura, vanhu vasingazivikanwi vanopinda muVsevolod. Havana kutsanangura zvikonzero zvekuuya, pfekai mahandcuffs oenda naye. Zaderatsky aive kuseri kwemabhawa.
Iyo maestro yakapwanyika uye yakaparadzwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kwakanga kusiri kusungwa kwakamunetsa, asi kuti manyoro ake akaparadzwa. Mabasa ose akanyorwa naVsevolod asati asvika 1926 aisagona kudzorerwa. Munyori akaora mwoyo uye akaora mwoyo anoita kuedza kufa nokuzvidira, asi anomiswa nenguva. Akazosunungurwa makore maviri chete gare gare. Munguva iyi yenguva, anonyora piano sonatas inonyatsoratidza kusuruvara uye kuora mwoyo kwemunyori.
Zuva nezuva aigara semuhope. Mumakore asingasviki 10, Vsevolod zvakare akaguma mujeri. Achidzidziswa nezvakaitika zvinorwadza, akakumbira mudzimai wake kuvanza basa racho. Akapedzisira ava mujeri muguta reYaroslavl.
Kutsvaga kwakaratidza kuti imba yeVsevolod "yakachena". Mumba make makawanikwa mapepa emakonsati chete. Chirongwa ichi chaisanganisira mabasa naWagner naRichard Strauss. Gare gare, mudzimai wemunyori akaziva kuti murume wake akanga ari shure kwejeri nekuda kwe "kupararira kwemimhanzi yefascist." Mukadzi wacho akaudzwawo kuti murume wake akapedzisira ava mumusasa wechibharo "kuNorth." Havana kukwanisa kuenderana, sezvo Vsevolod yakarambidzwa kubva kune chero kusangana nenyika yekunze kwemakore gumi. Muna 10 akasunungurwa.
Vsevolod Zaderatsky: okugadzira zvinhu muna Gulag
Munzvimbo dzekunyimwa rusununguko, akagadzira rwiyo rusingaenzaniswi. MuGulag anonyora "24 Preludes uye Fugues for Piano". Iyi inyanzvi chaiyo uye imwe yeanonyanyo zivikanwa mimhanzi maestro. Inonyatsobatanidza tsika dzebaroque uye ruzha rwemazuva ano rwemimhanzi.
Zvinotora mwedzi mitanhatu chete mushure mekusunungurwa kwake - uye maestro zvakare akaguma muYaroslavl. Akaendesa magwaro kuGITIS. Munzvimbo yedzidzo, akadzidza padhipatimendi retsamba. Akabva ashanyira mamwe maguta akawanda eRussia neUkraine, uye chete pakupera kwema40s akatamira kuLvov.
Mutaundi reUkraine, munyori wacho akabudirira chaizvo. Akazviwana ari mumhoteredzo yokusika. Vsevolod akapinda muimba yekuchengetedza, iyo yaiva mubayiro mukuru kwaari. Munguva iyi yenguva, Zaderatsky akaedza kuita kuti nziyo dzemhando yake dziite. Akanyora akawanda piyano concerto vana.
Thematic zvinhu pakusikwa yechipiri konzati aiva vanhu nziyo Ukraine, Russia uye Belarus. Vatungamiri vakapa Vsevolod nerumbidzo maererano nebasa rakaitwa. Mumhanzi wakanyorwa waifanirwa kurira pane imwe yenzvimbo dzekonzati muKyiv.
Zvisinei, kunyange konzati isati yatanga, vakuru vakuru vokuMoscow vakashanyira Lviv. Vaifanira "kufumura" dunhu. Vsevolod nemukurumbira wake "wakakwana" - wakanyatsokodzera basa reakabatwa. Zvinyorwa zvake zvakatsoropodzwa, uye maestro pachake ainzi mediocrity.
Maererano naVsevolod, akawana zvakawanda, asi zvakanga zvakanyanya kumuomera kuti anzwe kuti basa rake rakanga riri pakati. Nyanzvi dzaitarisira kuonga kubva kuZadertsky nekuda kwekutsoropodza basa rake, asi panzvimbo pezvo akatanga kurwira mukurumbira wake.
Akanyora tsamba dzakashatirwa kumukuru weSoviet Music uye mutungamiriri weMuzfond. Vsevolod yakanga ine ngozi zvikuru, nokuti panguva iyoyo, chero shoko risina hanya rakabhadhara munhu hupenyu hwake.
Vsevolod Zaderatsky haana kurega mafashamo ehutungamiri netsamba. Aifunga kuti hapana chaaizorasikirwa nacho. Zvisinei, murume wacho akanga asina kururama. Mune iyi gakava rinorasikirwa sezviri pachena, akarasikirwa nehutano hwake. Vsevolod akatanga kunetseka nekurwadziwa mumoyo make. Ainzwa kurwara chaiko.
Nhaka yemimhanzi yemunyori
Mabasa akaitwa naMaestro asati asungwa haakwanisi kudzorerwa. Asunungurwa, haana kuedza kudzorera zvaakanga anyora mumusoro. Vanyori vehupenyu chete vakakwanisa kuziva kuti asati asungwa, akashanda pane imwe opera yakakura kubva munyaya yemunyori Gogol - "Nose".
Basa reVsevolod rinogona kugoverwa mumatanho akawanda. Danho rekutanga mabasa aisanganisira mabasa pamberi pe1926. Anenge achangosunungurwa, akatanga kunyora piano sonatas Nhamba 1 uye Nhamba 2. Mabasa akaratidzwa anovhura chikamu chechipiri chehupenyu hwekusika hwaZaderatsky. Danho rechipiri rakaenderera mberi kusvika mugore rechi32 rezana remakore rapfuura. Munguva iyi akagadzira akati wandei piyano kutenderera nenziyo dzezwi nepiyano.
Mushure me1932, danho idzva mubasa remaestro rinotanga. Akatendeukira kune neotonal musical kufunga. Munguva iyi yenguva, akanyora basa rakakurumbira - "24 Preludes uye Fugues". Pakupera kwema40s, bhangi rake remumhanzi nguruve raisanganisira zvakawanda zvemimhanzi yepiyano, symphony yekamuri, uye mabasa ezwi.
Ipapo aifanira kushanda nesimba kuti achinje mutauro wenziyo. Basa rake rinodzorwa neruzha rwenziyo dzevanhu. Anonyora maviri epiyano concerto yevana, imwe symphony uye violin concerto.
Kufa kweVsevolod Zaderatsky
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemaestro akashandiswa munharaunda yeLviv. Vsevolod kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake akanyorwa semudzidzisi panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori yakaguma nekugadzirwa kweConcerto yeViolin uye Orchestra.
Akafa musi waFebruary 1, 1953. Kwapera gore, yake Symphony No. 1 uye Violin Concerto yakaitwa muLvov. Mushure meizvozvo, mazhinji emabasa ake akakanganwika, uye chete muzana ramakore idzva rakatanga kufarira basa remaestro makuru.
Vaya vanoda kujairana nehupenyu hwemunyori mukuru mune zvakadzama, tinokupa zano kuti utarise firimu "Ini ndakasununguka." Iyo biopic yakaburitswa muna 2019.
Muna Chivabvu 2021, iyo yekutanga yekutenderera kwezwi remunyori yakaitika muSamara. Tiri kutaura nezvebasa re "Nhetembo pamusoro peuto reRussia" pamavhesi emudetembi Alexander Tvardovsky. Mugore rimwe chetero, opera Chirikadzi yeValencia yakaratidzwa pachikuva mune imwe orchestral nemunyori Leonid Hoffmann.
