Mikhail Glinka munhu akakosha munhaka yenyika yemimhanzi yechinyakare. Uyu ndiye mumwe wevatangi veRussia folk opera. Kune vanoyemura mimhanzi yekare, munyori anogona kuzivikanwa semunyori wemabasa:
- "Ruslan uye Ludmila";
- "Hupenyu kuna Mambo".
Chimiro chezvinyorwa zveGlinka hazvigoni kuvhiringidzwa nemamwe mabasa anozivikanwa. Akakwanisa kugadzira chimiro chega chega chekupa zvinhu zvemimhanzi. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei vanhu vemazuva ano vachitendeukira kumabasa emunyori.
Hudiki nehudiki
Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich akaberekwa munharaunda yeSmolensk nharaunda. Zuva rekuzvarwa kwemunyori richawira muna Chivabvu 20, 1804. Sezvineiwo, baba namai vemunyori mukuru vaive hama dziri kure dzeumwe neumwe.
Zvingangodaro nekuda kwehukama hwemhuri hwababa naamai vake, Mikhail akakura semwana asina simba. Aigara achirwara, saka aida kunyatsotarisirwa. Kwemakore gumi okutanga, mukomana akarerwa naambuya vababa vake.
Mumwe mukadzi aisiyaniswa nekuomarara akagadzira hunhu hwakaoma uye hwekutya muGlinka. Michael haana kuenda kuchikoro. Aive akadzidzira kumba. Zvakare, kudzidzira kure kure kunonyanya kukosha pane kusarudza. Glinka aiwanzorwara, saka aisagona kuva munharaunda. Akabata zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
Mikhail akaratidza kufarira mimhanzi muhuduku. Vabereki vakapindura kumutambo mutsva wemwanakomana wavo nekusakendenga kwavo kwakajairika. Panguva iyi, airova rhythm, achishandisa zvipunu zvemhangura, zvaichengetwa mukicheni yemhuri.
Ambuya vacho pavakangoerekana vafa, amai vacho vakatanga kurera Mikhail. Mukadzi wacho haanawo kusiyana pahunhu hwekucomplainer. Nenguva isipi akatumira mwanakomana wake kuimba yebhodhi, iyo yakanga iri munharaunda yeguta guru reRussia Federation - St. Ziva kuti vepamusoro chete, vanosanganisira vanokudzwa, vakadzidza pachikoro chedzidzo.
Paiva pano apo munyori weramangwana akatanga kushingaira kudzidza mimhanzi. Akawana nyika yezvinyorwa zvekare. Mudzidzisi aidiwa naMikhail aiva muimbi Karl Mayer. Wekupedzisira akakwanisa kuumba kuravira kwakakodzera kwemimhanzi maari.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Mikhail Glinka
Nziyo dzekutanga kubva pachinyoreso che maestro dzakabuda nguva pfupi mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuchikoro chedzidzo. Akave munyori wenziyo dzinoverengeka uye dzinobaya dzerudo. Mikhail akanyora rimwe remabasa ake maererano nenhetembo dzaPushkin. Tiri kutaura nezve kuumbwa "Usaimba, runako, neni."
Sezvineiwo, Alexander Sergeevich uye Glinka vakasangana vachiri kudzidza pachikoro chebhodhingi. Vakanga vakabatana nokuda kwemimhanzi nemabhuku. Kusvikira parufu rwakashata rwaPushkin, vakaramba vaine hukama hunodziya.
Muna 1823, nekuda kwehutano hwakaipa, munyori akaenda kuCaucasus, kuchipatara. Akaororwa noruvara rwomunzvimbomo. Makomo, nzvimbo dzisingatsananguriki uye nzvimbo dzinonakidza zvakabatsira mukuvandudzwa, kusanganisira hutano hwepfungwa. Shasha paakadzokera kumba, akatanga kunyora nziyo dzaibaya mwoyo.
Kwapera gore, Glinka anomanikidzwa kusiya imba yake. Akaenda kuSt. Petersburg, kwaakatora nzvimbo muBazi reRailways and Communications. Muimbi wacho akafadzwa nebasa racho, asi haana kugutsikana zvachose nechokwadi chokuti akanga asina nguva yakakwana yekuita basa rekugadzira. Glinka akasarudza kusiya chinzvimbo chinobhadharwa zvakanyanya.
Upenyu muSt. Petersburg hwakanga huchioma. Apa ndipo pakaitika zviitiko zvose zvinokosha zvepanguva iyoyo. Mikhail akakwanisa kujairana nevakuru vekugadzira, uye kutora ruzivo kuti agadzire akajeka echinyakare mabasa.
Kugara muSt. Petersburg hakuna kupfuura pasina tsvakiridzo yeGlinka. Kunyorova uye kutonhora nguva dzose zvakakonzera kuderera kwehutano hwemaestro makuru. Muimbi wacho akanga asina sarudzo kunze kwekuenda kunorapwa mune chimwe chezvipatara zveEurope.
MuItaly, Glinka haana kurapwa chete, asiwo akabatanidzwa mukudzidzira basa. Ikoko akasangana naDonizetti naBellini, vakanyatsodzidza opera uye bel canto. Apo utano hwake hwakapora zvizere, munyori wacho akasarudza kushanyira Germany. Ikoko, anopfuurira kudzidza, achienda kuzvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuvadzidzisi veGermany vane mukurumbira. Rufu rwababa vake rwakamanikidza Michael kudzokera kunyika yake.
The heyday yebasa rekugadzira remunyori Mikhail Glinka
Hupenyu hwese hwaGlinka hwaive mumimhanzi. Nenguva isipi akatanga kushanda pane rimwe remabasa ake akakurumbira - opera "Ivan Susanin", iyo yakazonzi "A Life for the Tsar". Maestro akafuridzirwa kunyora basa nezviito zvehondo zvaakawana muhuduku. Mikhail akanga asina zviyeuchidzo zvakanyanyisa zvezviitiko izvi zvinosuruvarisa, saka akagovera zviitiko zvake kuburikidza neprism yemimhanzi.
Glinka akasarudza kusanonoka. Muimbi akagara pasi kuti anyore rwiyo rwechipiri rwengano. Nenguva isipi, vateveri venziyo dzechinyakare vakanga vava kunakidzwa nerimwe remabasa enyanzvi dzemaestro. Akagamuchira zita "Ruslan uye Lyudmila".
Zvinonakidza kuti kunyorwa kweiyo opera yakaunzwa kwakatora Glinka kwenguva yakareba semakore matanhatu. Chii chakashamisa muimbi mushure mekunge basa rake rashoropodzwa zvakanyanya. Dambudziko rekusika rakasangana nematambudziko muhupenyu hwake hwega. Zvose izvi zvakatungamirira kune chimwe chigumisiro chakakomba - hutano hwemuimbi zvakare hwakaipa.
Kufemerwa, Glinka zvakare akazvipisa muchetura munharaunda yeEurope. Muimbi akashanyira nyika dzakawanda dzetsika, mushure mezvo akacherechedza kuti mafungiro ake akanga anyatsovandudza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, anoburitsa akati wandei mamwe mabasa echitendero, anoti:
- "Aragonese jota";
- "Memories of Castile".
Rwendo rwokuenda kuEurope rwakaita chinhu chikuru - akadzoka Mikhail Glinka chivimbo maari uye tarenda rake. Kuwana simba uye kufemerwa, maestro anoenda kunyika yake.
Muimbi wacho akasarudza kugara mumba mevabereki vake kwenguva yakati. Akanyaradzwa nerunyararo rwaive rwatonga mumusha umu. Mushure mokunge atamira kuSt. Anosiya guta guru retsika onanga kuWarsaw. Pano anonyora symphonic fantasy Kamarinskaya.
kufamba
Akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake ari kufamba. Zvaimuremera kugara panzvimbo imwe chete, nekuti aive aneta nehupenyu hwemazuva ese. Akafamba zvikuru muEurope. Nyika yaidiwa naGlinka yaive France.
Paris yakavhura kuwedzera kwemauto matsva muGlinka. Mikhail ainzwa zvakanaka, saka akagara pasi kuti anyore imwe symphony inoyevedza. Tiri kutaura nezvebasa "Taras Bulba". Muimbi akapedza makore akawanda muParis. Paakaziva nezvekutanga kweHondo yeCrimea, akarongedza bhegi rake uye pakarepo akaenda kunyika yake. Haana kumbokwanisa kupedzisa basa pasymphony.
Paakasvika munharaunda yeRussian Federation, Glinka akagara pasi kuti anyore zvinyorwa zvake. Ivo vakanyatso fambisa iyo biography uye hunhu hwemaestro. Memoirs dzakaburitswa makore gumi nemashanu gare gare pasi pezita rekuti "Notes".
Mikhail Glinka: Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwake hwega
Zvinoita sekuti mubiography yaMikhail Glinka hapagoni kuve nenzvimbo yezviito zverudo. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Mukufamba kwake kuEurope, aive nerudo rwakati wandei rwaityisa. Paakasvika kuRussia, muimbi akaroora Marya Petrovna Ivanova.
Muchato uyu waive usina mufaro. Mikhail akaziva kuti akanga achikurumidza nechisarudzo chekusika mhuri naMaria Ivanova. Moyo wake waisagona kuda mukadzi. Somugumisiro, kwete chete muimbi pachake akatambura, asiwo mudzimai wake.
Ekaterina Kern akazova mutambo mutsva waGlinka. Pakuona kwemusikana, mwoyo waMikhail wakasvetuka kubva pachipfuva chake. Sezvineiwo, Katya aiva mwanasikana Pushkin museti. Yaiva kwaari kuti mudetembi akazvitsaurira ndima "Ndinoyeuka nguva inoshamisa."
Glinka akatanga hukama hwakakomba nemumwe wechidiki. Akasangana naCatherine, asi haana kuputsa muchato naMaria. Mudzimai wepamutemo haanawo kupenya nehunhu. Akanyengedza muimbi pachena, achitaura nezverudo rwake. Panguva imwecheteyo, akamupomera nezve adventures nemudiwa mutsva uye haana kupa kurambana. Michael akarwadziwa.
Pashure pemakore matanhatu emuchato naGlinka, Marya, muchivande kubva kumunyori mukuru, akaroora Nikolai Vasilchikov. Mushure mokunge Mikhail akaziva chokwadi ichi, aitarisira kuti Marya aizobvuma kurambana, nokuti nguva yose iyi akanga ari muukama naKatya.
Paakarambana, akaziva kuti akanga asisina rudo rwaakanga amboita naCatherine. Haana kumboroora musikana.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro Mikhail Glinka
- Munyori wenziyo paakaziva nezverufu rwaamai vake, ruoko rwake rwerudyi rwakapera.
- Mikhail aigona kuva mugari wenhaka kubva Catherine, asi akamupa mari kubvisa pamuviri.
- Mushure mokunge Glinka abva Katya, musikana wacho akamirira makore gumi kuti adzoke.
- Aive nezwi rakanaka, asi Glinka aisawanzoimba.
- Aigona kutaura 7 mitauro.
Kufa kwaMikhail Glinka
Glinka kuGermany akadzidza nezvekugadzira uye hupenyu hwepauzima hwaJohann Sebastian Bach. Nenguva isipi zvakazivikanwa nezverufu rwemaestro. Akafa muna 1857. Chikonzero cherufu chaiva mabayo.
Mutumbi wemuimbi uyu wakavigwa kumakuva eLutheran. Makore mashoma gare gare, hanzvadzi yaGlinka yakasvika muBerlin. Aida kuviga mutumbi waMaestro munyika yake.
