Johnny Cash aive mumwe weakanyanya kusimba uye ane pesvedzero mumhanzi wenyika mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Nezwi rake rakadzika, resonant baritone uye kuridza gitare rakasiyana, Johnny Cash aive nemaitiro ake akasiyana.
Cash yakanga yakaita senge pasina mumwe muimbi munyika yenyika. Akasika rudzi rwake, pakati pemanzwiro emimhanzi, kupandukira kwerock uye roll, uye kuneta kwenyika.
Basa raCash rakabatana nekuzvarwa kwerock and roll, uye kuimba kwake uye kutamba kwake kwaive kwakafanana zvakanyanya nemimhanzi yerock. Nekudaro, muimbi uyu anoremerwawo pachikamu chenhoroondo mumimhanzi - sezvaaizoratidza neakateedzana ake enhoroondo maalbum - izvi zvakamubatanidza nenyika yake.
Johnny Cash aivewo mumwe wevakanyanya mimhanzi nyeredzi dzema50s uye 60s aine anopfuura zana hit singles.
Hupenyu usati watanga basa remimhanzi
Johnny Cash, ane zita rekuzvarwa anonzi JR Cash, akaberekerwa uye akakurira muArkansas uye akatamira kuDyes aine makore matatu.
Paakazosvitsa makore 12, akatanga kunyora nziyo dzake. Akakurudzirwa nenziyo dzenyika dzaakanzwa paredhiyo. Cash paakanga ari kusekondari, akaimba paredhiyo yeArkansas KLCN.
Johnny Cash akapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1950, achienda kuDetroit kunoshanda kwenguva pfupi mufekitari yemotokari. Nekutanga kweHondo yeKorea, akapinda muUS Air Force.
Ari muAir Force, Cash akatenga gitare rake rekutanga uye akazvidzidzisa kutamba. Akatanga kunyora nziyo nemoyo wese, kusanganisira "Folsom Prison Blues". Cash akasiya Air Force muna 1954, akaroora mukadzi wekuTexas anonzi Vivian Leberto, ndokuenda kuMemphis kwaakaita kosi yekutepfenyura paredhiyo paGI Bill Broadcasting School.
Manheru, airidza mimhanzi yenyika muvatatu vaivewo negitare Luther Perkins uye bassist Marshall Grant. Vatatu ava vaimboridza mahara paredhiyo yemunharaunda KWEM uye vakaedza kuchengetedza magigi nemaauditions kuSun Records.
Nzira yaJohnny Cash yekubudirira
Mukomana uyu akazopedzisira aongororwa neSun Records muna 1955. Cash yakakurumidza kuburitswa "Cry Cry Cry" / "Hey Porter" seyekutanga yake yeZuva. Phillips, muvambi wezita racho akatumidza muimbi uyu zita rekuti Johnny, izvo zvakagumbura mukomana uyu nekuti aifunga kuti zita rakadaro rainzwika semudiki.
Imwe chete "Cry Cry Cry" yakave kubudirira pakusunungurwa kwayo muna 1955, yakapinda mumachati enyika pa nhamba 14. Yechipiri "Folsom Prison Blues" yakarova zvishanu zvepamusoro munyika mukutanga kwe1956, uye kutevera kwayo " Ini I Walk the Line ” yakatora nhamba yekutanga kwemavhiki matanhatu uye yakazviita mumakumi maviri epamusoro mimhanzi yepop.
Cash aive mutambi akabudirira zvakaenzana muna 1957, aine akati wandei munyika, kusanganisira wePamusoro gumi neshanu "Ipa Rudo Rwangu kuna Rose".
Cash zvakare yakatanga kuGrand Ole Opry gore rimwe chetero, yakapfeka zvitema apo vamwe vaimbi vaipfeka zvinopenya, rhinestone-yakashongedzwa zvipfeko. Pakupedzisira, akagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "The Man in Black" (The Man in Black).
Cash yakava muimbi wekutanga paSun label kuburitsa "long-playing" album munaNovember 1957. Ipapo Johnny Cash neHot and Blue Guitar yake akapinda muzvitoro zvese zvemimhanzi.
Kubudirira kweCash kwakaramba kuchikwira kusvika muna 1958 apo Cash yakanyora rwiyo rwake rukuru, "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" (nhamba yekutanga pamachati kwemavhiki gumi), pamwe neimwe yakarova, "Guess Things Happen That Way". Kweakawanda a1958, Cash akaedza kurekodha albhamu yevhangeri, asi Sun Records yakaramba kumurega achirekodha.
Zuva rakanga risingadiwo kuwedzera mari yeCash. Zvese zviri zviviri izvi zvinhu zvaive zvine mutsindo mune zano remuimbi kusiya zita uye kusaina neColumbia Records muna 1958.
Pakupera kwegore, akaburitsa yekutanga single yake yezita, "All Over Again", yakave imwe yeTop Five hit. Zuva rakaramba richiburitsa singles uye maalbum eCash's isina kuburitswa zvinhu muma60s.
Inter-label kukwikwidza kwaJohnny Cash
"Usatore Pfuti Dzako Kuguta", Johnny Cash wechipiri weColumbia, yaive imwe yeakarova ake makuru, achisvika pamusoro pemachati enyika. Mugore rino, Sun Records neColumbia Records vakakwikwidza pamusoro pemachati, vachiburitsa singles kubva kumuimbi. Semutemo, Columbia inoburitsa - "Frankie's Man Johnny", "I Got Stripes" uye "Five Feet High and Rising" - yakaita zvirinani kupfuura nziyo dzeZuva, asi "Luther Akatamba Boogie" akaita gumi repamusoro.
Gore rimwe chetero, Cash akawana mukana wekuita rekodhi yake yevhangeri, Hymns naJohnny Cash.
Iyo Tennessee Yechipiri yakava Tennessee Vatatu muna 1960 nekuwedzera kwedhiramu WS Holland.
Matambudziko muhupenyu - dambudziko mukusika
Kunyange zvazvo Cash yakaramba ichibudisa hits, kufamba kusingaregi kwebasa rake kwakatanga kutora mari yake pamari yake. Muna 1959, muimbi akatanga kutora amphetamines kuti amubatsire kurarama nehurongwa hwemakonzati anoda kusvika 300 pagore.
Pakazosvika 1961, kushandisa kwake zvinodhaka kwakanga kwawedzera, zvichiita kuti basa rake ritambure. Izvi zvakaratidzwa zvakasimba mukuderera kwenhamba yema singles nemaalbum. Pakazosvika 1963, muimbi akanga atamira kuNew York, achisiya mhuri yake.
June Carter, aive mudzimai wemumwe weshamwari dzaCash dzainwa doro, Carl Smith, achaona kuti adzokera pamusoro pemachati ne "Ring of Fire". Akanyora pamwe chete naMerle Kilgore.
Iyo imwechete "Ring of Fire" yakapedza mavhiki manomwe iri pamusoro pemachati uye yakasvika pamusoro makumi maviri hits. Cash akaenderera mberi nekubudirira kwake muna 20 apo "Understand Your Man" yakava nhamba yekutanga hit.
Nekudaro, kudzoka kwaCash kwakararama kwenguva pfupi paakanyura mukupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka uye nziyo dzake dzekurova dzakangoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Cash akasungwa muEl Paso nekuda kwekuyedza kupinza amphetamine munyika munyaya yake yegitare muna 1965.
Mugore rimwe chete, Grand Ole Opry akasiya kuita kwemuimbi.
Muna 1966, mudzimai waCash, Vivian, akatumira kurambana. Mushure mekurambana, Cash yakatamira kuNashville. Pakutanga akatungamirira nzira imwe chete yehupenyu, asi nokukurumidza Johnny akava shamwari naJune Carter, uyo akarambana naCarl Smith.
Nebetsero yaCarter, akakwanisa kurega kupindwa muropa kwake; akatendeukirawo kuchiKristu. Basa rake rakatanga kudzoka kumashure apo "Jackson" uye "Rosanna's Going Wild" vakarova vepamusoro gumi.
Mukuvamba kwa1968, mukati mekonzati, Cash akakarakadza roorano kuna Carter; vaviri vakaroorana muchirimo ichocho.
New Johnny zvinyorwa
Zvakare muna 1968, Cash akarekodha uye akaburitsa rwiyo rwake rwunonyanya kufarirwa, Johnny Cash kuFolsom Prison. Pakazopera gore, rekodhi yakaenda negoridhe.
Gore rakatevera, muimbi akaburitsa imwe sequel, Johnny Cash kuSan Quentin, iyo yairatidza yake chete Top 10 pop single, "A Boy Named Sue". Yakasvika nhamba yechitatu pachati.
Johnny Cash akaonekwa paBob Dylan's 1969 country rock album Nashville Skyline semuimbi wevaenzi. Dylan akadzorera nyasha kune waaishanda naye nekuonekwa pachikamu chekutanga cheThe Johnny Cash Show, chirongwa cheterevhizheni chemuimbi cheABC. Johnny Cash Show yakamhanya kwemakore maviri, kubva muna 1969 kusvika muna 1971.
Cash yakasvika pakukwirira kwayo kwechipiri mukuzivikanwa muna 1970. Pamusoro pechirongwa chake cheterevhizheni, akaimbira Mutungamiriri Richard Nixon kuWhite House, akatamba naKirk Douglas muGunfight, akaimba naJohn Williams neBoston Pop Band, uye akaratidzirwa mugwaro.
Kutengeswa kwedambarefu rake kwaive kwakanaka zvakaenzana, sekuti "Svondo Mangwanani Achiburuka" uye "Nyama neRopa" aive nhamba yekutanga hits.
Mugore rose ra1971, Cash yakanga ichiri kurova mune yake arsenal, kusanganisira iyo inonyanya kufarirwa rwiyo "Man in Black".
Cash naCarter vakave nekudyidzana zvakanyanya mukutanga 70s, vachirwira kodzero dzevanhu vekuAmerica nevasungwa, uye kazhinji vachishanda naBilly Graham.
Pakati pe70s, kuvepo kweCash pamachati enyika kwakatanga kudzikira, asi akaramba achirova dzimwe nguva senge 1976's "One Piece in Time", "There is No Good Chain Gang" uye "(Ghost) Riders in. denga."
Man in Black, nhoroondo yehupenyu hwaJohnny Cash, yakabudiswa muna 1975.
Muna 1980, akave mutambi wechidiki kupinzwa mu Country Music Hall of Fame. Nekudaro, ma80 yaive nguva yakaoma yeCash sezvo rekodhi yake yekutengesa yakaramba ichidzikira uye akapinda mumatambudziko neColumbia.
Cash, Carl Perkins naJerry Lee Lewis vakabatana kuti vaite The Survivors mu1982. Firimu racho harina kubudirira.
The Highwaymen - bhendi rine Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson naKris Kristofferson - vakaburitsa dambarefu ravo rekutanga muna 1985, iro rakabudirirawo. Gore rakatevera, Cash neColumbia Records vakapedza hukama hwavo, uye muimbi akasaina naMercury Nashville.
Kushanda neiyo nyowani nyowani kwakakundikana, sezvo kambani nemuimbi mumwe nemumwe airwira maitiro avo.
Mukuwedzera, redhiyo yenyika yakatanga kufarira mamwe maartist emazuva ano, uye Cash yakakurumidza kuzviwana kubva pamachati. Kunyange zvakadaro, akapfuurira kuva mutambi wekonzati akakurumbira.
Iyo Highwaymen yakarekodha yechipiri dambarefu muna 1992 uye yakabudirira mune zvekutengesa kupfuura chero eCash's Mercury maalbum. Panenge panguva imwecheteyo, chibvumirano chake neMercury chakapera.
Muna 1993, muimbi akasaina chibvumirano neAmerican Records. Dambarefu rake rekutanga rezita, American Recordings, rakaburitswa nemuvambi wezita Rick Rubin pachake uye raive rinoshamisa muunganidzwa wenziyo.
Iyo album, kunyange isiri kubudirira-kutengesa zvakanyanya, yakaita basa rakanaka kumutsa basa reCash uye richiita kuti asangane nevaduku, vateereri vane dombo.
Muna 1995, The Highwaymen vakaburitsa dambarefu ravo rechitatu, The Road Goes on Forever.
Gore rakatevera, Cash akaburitsa dambarefu rake rechipiri reAmerican Records, Unchained, iro rakawana rutsigiro kubva kuna Tom Petty uye The Heartbreakers.
Muchirimo cha2000, Cash yakagadzira matatu-dhisiki kuunganidzwa "Rudo, Mwari, Kuuraya" yakatsaurirwa kune huru nziyo madingindira aitonga muhupenyu hwake hwese. Imwe studio nyowani, American III: Solitary Man, yakaonekwa gare gare gore iroro.
Kupera kwebasa raJohnny Cash
Matambudziko ehutano akatambudza Cash mukati me90s uye 2000s, asi akaramba achinyora mu studio.
Muna 2003, vhidhiyo yemimhanzi yaMark Romanek yekavha yeNine Inch Nails ye "Hurt" yakagamuchirwa zvakakosha uye kutariswa nevezvenhau, zvichiguma nekusarudzwa kunoshamisa kweVhidhiyo yeGore paMTV Vhidhiyo Music Awards.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge vhidhiyo yacho yaita ongororo yakanaka, mudzimai waJohnny Cash anodiwa, June Carter Cash, akafa nedambudziko rekuvhiyiwa kwemoyo.
Mwedzi mina gare gare, muNashville, Tennessee, Johnny akafawo nedambudziko rechirwere cheshuga.
Akanga ane makore 71 okukura. Mwedzi mishanu gare gare, kuunganidzwa kwe "Legend yaJohnny Cash" kwakakunda gumi yepamusoro. Muna 2006, Lost Highway yakaburitsa imwe nhevedzano yeakarekodhwa eCash ane mukurumbira "American", American V: A Hundred Highways, kubva kumusangano wekupedzisira wemuimbi wekupedzisira nemushandi Rick Rubin.
Kuburitswa kwekupedzisira kwezvikamu izvi kwakaonekwa kutanga kwa2010 pasi pezita rokuti American VI: Harisi Guva uye inonzi ndiyo yekupedzisira kuburitswa kubva kuAmerican Recordings.
Sony Legacy muna 2011 yakatanga nhevedzano isingawanzo, isina kuburitswa kana yakaoma-kuwana-Kuwana Cash tracks kubva kune maviri-disc maalbum Bootleg, Vol. 1: Faera Pachako.
Muchirimo cha2014, Out of the Stars yakaonekwa - muunganidzwa wezvinhu zvisina kuburitswa zvakanyorwa mukutanga 80s.
