Igor Stravinsky muimbi ane mukurumbira uye kondakita. Akapinda rondedzero yeakakosha manhamba epasirose art. Mukuwedzera, ndeimwe yevamiririri vakakurumbira vemazuva ano.
Modernism chiitiko chetsika chinogona kuonekwa nekubuda kwemaitiro matsva. Pfungwa yemazuva ano ndiyo kuparadzwa kwemafungiro akasimbiswa, pamwe chete nemafungiro echinyakare.
Ubwana uye huduku
Munyori akakurumbira akaberekwa muna 1882 pedyo neSt. Vabereki vaIgor vaibatanidzwa nekugadzira. Amai Stravinsky vakashanda sepiyano - mukadzi akaperekedza murume wake, uyo aishanda ari oga paMariinsky Theatre.
Igor akapedza hudiki hwake mumhuri yetsika uye yakangwara. Akave nemukana wakanaka wekushanyira theatre uye kuona mutambo unoshamisa wevabereki vake. Vaimbi vakakurumbira, vanyori, vanyori uye vazivi vaiva vaenzi veStravinsky House.
Kubvira achiri muduku, Igor akatanga kufarira mimhanzi. Pazera ramakore 9, akagara pasi papiyano kekutanga. Pashure pokunge apedza chikoro chesekondari, vabereki vacho vakaomerera kuti mwanakomana wavo awane dhigirii remutemo. Stravinsky akatamira kunogara muguta guru retsika reRussia - St. Akaramba achiita mimhanzi. Mukuwedzera, akatora zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kubva kuRimsky-Korsakov.
Rimsky-Korsakov pakarepo akaziva kuti pamberi pake paiva nugget chaiyo. Muimbi wacho akarayira jaya kuti risapinda muimba inochengeterwa mitambo, sezvo ruzivo rwomuimbi wacho rwakanga rwakakwana kuti azvizivise nenzwi guru.
Korsakov akadzidzisa wadhi ruzivo rwekutanga rwekuimba. Akabatsirawo munyori wenziyo mutsva kuvandudza nziyo dzakanyorwa.
Nzira yekusika ye maestro Igor Stravinsky
Muna 1908, akawanda ezvinyorwa zveIgor zvakaitwa nedare orchestra. Tiri kutaura nezvemabasa "Faun and Shepherdess" uye "Symphony muE flat major". Nenguva isipi Sergei Diaghilev akasvika pakuridza maestro's orchestral scherzo.
Paakanzwa mimhanzi yakaisvonaka yomuimbi weRussia ane tarenda, akada kusvika pakumuziva iye pachake. Gare gare akarayira zvirongwa zvakawanda zveRussia ballet muguta guru reFrance. Kufamba kwakadaro kwakaratidza veruzhinji kuti tarenda raStravinsky raizivikanwa pasi rese.
Nenguva isipi kutanga kwezvinyorwa zvitsva naStravinsky kwakaitika, mushure mokunge ainzi mumiririri akajeka wemazuva ano. Pakati pezvisikwa paive nekuperekedzwa kwemimhanzi ye ballet Iyo Firebird.
Pamusoro pekuzivikanwa, maestro akafunga nezvekugadzira symphonic tsika, iyo yakakonzera manzwiro akawanda akanaka muParisian theatre. Chisikwa chitsva chemunyori chakanzi "The Rite of Spring". Vateereri vakakamurwa kuva misasa miviri. Vamwe vakayemura pfungwa yakashinga yaIgor. Uye vamwe, mukupesana, vakanzwa munziyo dzenziyo manotsi ehutsvina yaipfuura miganhu yezvaitenderwa.
Kubva panguva iyo Igor akatanga kunzi munyori weiyo "Rite of Spring", pamwe chete neanoparadza mazuva ano. Pashure paizvozvo, akasiya yakakura Russia. Uye pamwe chete nemhuri yake, akaenda kunharaunda yeFrance.
Hondo nemimhanzi
Kutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kwakakonzera kuguma kweinonzi "mwaka weRussia" muguta guru reFrance. Stravinsky akasiyiwa asina purofiti uye nzira yekurarama nayo. Imwe mhuri huru yakaenda kundima yeSwitzerland. Ipapo Igor akanga asina mari. Munguva iyi yenguva akashanda pangano dzechiRussian folk.
Panguva ino, Igor akanyora mimhanzi inonzwisisika uye yeascetic, iyo yakanakira iyo yaive rhythm. Muna 1914, maestro akatanga kushanda paBallet Les Noces. Makore 9 chete gare gare, Stravinsky akakwanisa kupa basa racho. Mumhanzi wemumhanzi we ballet waibva panziyo dzekumaruwa dzekuRussia dzaiitwa pamichato nemichato.
Mushure mekuratidzwa kwe ballet, akasarudza kubvisa urudzi kubva munziyo dzake. Akanyora zvisikwa zvakazotevera mune neoclassical maitiro. Iyo maestro "yakarongedza" mimhanzi yekare yeEurope nenzira yake. Kubva 1924 akarega kunyora mimhanzi. Igor akatanga kuitisa. Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, nziyo dzake munyika yokumusha kwake dzakawana mukurumbira mukuru.
Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva iyo inonzi "mwaka weRussia" yakatangazve muFrance. Vakanga vasiri padanho rimwe chete. Muna 1928, Diaghilev naStravinsky vakapa ballet Apollo Musagete. Kwapera gore, Diaghilev akafa. Mushure mekufa kwake, boka racho rakaparadzana.
1926 rakanga riri gore rinokosha kumunyori. Akasangana neshanduko yemweya. Ichi chiitiko chakapesvedzera basa remaestro. Zvikonzero zvechitendero zvainzwika zvakajeka munziyo dzake. Kuumbwa kwe "Oedipus Rex" uye cantata "Symphony yeMapisarema" yakaratidza kukura kwemweya we maestro. Iwo librettos muchiLatin akagadzirirwa mabasa akaunzwa.
Dambudziko rekugadzira remunyori Igor Stravinsky
Zvichakadaro, avant-garde yakanga yakakurumbira munyika dzeEurope. Uye kana kune vamwe vanyori chiitiko ichi chaifadza. Kuti kuna Stravinsky, semumiriri we neoclassicism, yaive dambudziko rekugadzira.
Chimiro chake chendangariro chakanga chave parumananzombe. Maestro abuda. Iyi nguva yenguva inoratidzwa nekubudiswa kwezvinyorwa zvinoverengeka: "Cantata", "In Memory of Dylan Thomas".
Nenguva isipi munyori wacho akarohwa nesitiroko. Pasinei nekuderera kwehutano, Igor akanga asiri kuenda kubva pachikuva. Akashanda uye akagadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva. Kuumbwa kwekupedzisira kwemaestro kwaiva "Requiem". Panguva yekunyora kuumbwa, Stravinsky aiva nemakore 84 okuberekwa. Kuumbwa kwacho kwakaratidza simba rinoshamisa rakakosha uye kufarira kwemusiki.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Munyori akaita rombo rakanaka kuwana rudo rwake muna 1906. Ekaterina Nosenko akava mudzimai wepamutemo weMaestro. Mudzimai wacho akabereka vana vana Igor. Vanenge vana vose vaStravinsky vakatevera mumakwara ababa vavo vakakurumbira. Vakabatanidza hupenyu hwavo nekusika.
Nosenko anotambura nekudyiwa. Mamiriro okunze aiva muSt. Petersburg haana kuenderana nomukadzi wacho, uye mamiriro ake ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa. Nguva nenguva iye nemhuri yake vaigara muSwitzerland.
Muna 1914 mhuri yekwaStravinsky yakakundikana kubva kuSwitzerland uye kudzokera kunyika yavo. Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yasvika. Hondo yapera, munyika makaita chimurenga. Masirogani anonyandura ainzwika kwose kwose. Petersburg, vanaStravinsky vakasiya mari yakawanda nezvinhu. Pfuma yavo yese yakatorwa kwavari. VanaStravinsky vakasara vasina chokurarama nacho uye denga pamusoro pemisoro yavo.
Kune maestro, iyi yakanga iri nhamo, sezvo aitsigira kwete mudzimai wake nevana chete. Asiwo amai vake chaivo, pamwe nevazukuru vake. Paiva ne "mhirizhonga" munharaunda yenyika yekuzvarwa. Igor akanga asingachabhadharwi mari nokuda kwekuita kwezvinyorwa zvemunyori, sezvo akatama. Akanga asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekuburitsa zvinyorwa zvitsva zvemabasa ake.
Pane imwe nguva munyori wacho akanzi ane hukama naCoco Chanel, uyo akamubatsira mune zvemari paakanga ari mumatambudziko emari. Kwemakore anoverengeka akatevedzana, Stravinsky nomudzimai wake vaigara pamusha waKoko. Mukadzi akatsigira kwete iye chete, asiwo mhuri huru. Nokudaro, aida kuratidza ruremekedzo kumunyori akakurumbira.
Apo Igor akagadzirisa mamiriro ake emari, Koko akamutumira mari kwemakore anopfuura 10. Izvi zvakava hwaro hwekufungidzira kuti pakanga pasina hukama hweushamwari chete pakati pemunyori nemugadziri.
Muna 1939 mudzimai waStravinsky akafa. Muimbi haana kuchema kwenguva refu. Paakatamira kuUnited States of America, akafarira Vera Studeykina. Akava mudzimai wake wechipiri. Vakagara vose kwemakore makumi mashanu. Vaitaurwa nezvavo vari vaviri vakakwana. Mhuri yakaonekwa kwose kwose pamwe chete. Igor, paakaona Vera, akangotumbuka.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori Igor Stravinsky
- Akadhirowa zvakanaka, uye aivewo nyanzvi yekupenda. Aiva neraibhurari yakapfuma, yakanga yakatsaurirwa kumabasa ounyanzvi.
- Igor aitya zvikuru kubata dzihwa. Aipfeka zvakanaka uye aigara akapfeka zvinodziya. Stravinsky akatarisira hutano hwake, uye nguva nenguva aiita bvunzo dzekudzivirira navanachiremba.
- Stravinsky aifarira doro rakaoma. Akaseka kuti aifanira kutora pseudonym "Straviskey". Doro muhupenyu hwemaestro raive nemwero.
- Aisada vanhu vanotaura zvinonzwika. Vakatya uye vakavhundutsa maestro.
- Stravinsky akanga asingadi kutsoropodza, asi kazhinji aigona kutaura maonero asina kunaka pamusoro pevamwe vake.
Igor Stravinsky: Makore Okupedzisira Oupenyu Hwake
Akashaya musi waApril 6, 1971. Chikonzero chekufa kwaiva kutadza kushanda kwemoyo. Mudzimai wechipiri akavigwa Stravinsky muVenice, munharaunda yeRussia yeSan Michele kumakuva. Mudzimai wake akapona Igor nemakore anopfuura 10. Pashure porufu rwaVera, akavigwa pedyo nomurume wake.
