Gioacchino Antonio Rossini muimbi weItaly uye conductor. Ainzi mambo we classical music. Akagamuchira kuzivikanwa munguva yehupenyu hwake.
Upenyu hwake hwakazadzwa nenguva dzinofadza uye dzinosuruvarisa. Imwe neimwe ine ruzivo manzwiro akafuridzira maestro kunyora mabasa emimhanzi. Zvisikwa zvaRossini zvave zvidhori kuzvizvarwa zvakawanda zvechinyakare.
Hudiki nehudiki
Maestro akaberekwa munaFebruary 29, 1792 munharaunda yeguta redunhu reItaly. Musoro wemhuri akashanda semuimbi, uye amai vake vakashanda semusona.
Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti Rossini akagara nhaka rudo rwake rwemimhanzi kubva kuna baba vake. Akamupa kunzwa kwakakwana, uye kukwanisa kupfuudza mimhanzi nemwoyo. Mamwe matarenda ake akasara, mukomana akatora kubva kuna mai vake.
Musoro wemhuri wakasiyaniswa kwete chete nekuravira kwake mumhanzi wakanaka. Akanga asingambotyi kutaura zvaanofunga. Kanopfuura kamwe murume akataura maonero ake achipokana nehurumende iripo, iyo yaaifanira kugara kujeri.
Amai vaRossini, Anna, vakawana tarenda ravo rekuimba makore matanhatu mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwanakomana wavo. Mukadzi wacho akatanga kushanda semuimbi weopera. Kwemakore 10, Anna akapa makonzati munzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzemitambo muEurope, kusvikira inzwi rake rakatanga kuputika.
Muna 1802 mhuri yakatamira kucommune yeLugo. Pano, Rossini mudiki akawana dzidzo yake yekutanga. Muprista womunzvimbomo akasuma jaya racho kumabhuku evanyori vakakurumbira. Mukati meiyi nhambo yenguva, akatanga kunzwa nziyo dzounyanzvi dzaMozart naHaydn.
Pamakore ake okuyaruka, akanga anyora ma sonata akawanda. Maiwe, mabasa aya akaunzwa kune veruzhinji mushure mekunge vawanikwa vakapa rubatsiro rwemari kuna Rossini. Nechekare muna 1806, jaya akapinda muLiceo Musicale. Muchikoro chedzidzo, akakudza hunyanzvi hwake hwekutaura, akadzidza kuridza zviridzwa zvinoverengeka, uye akaziva zvekutanga zvekunyora.
Mumazuva ake echikoro, akashanda muimba yemitambo. Baritone tenor yake yakafadza vateereri vanoda. Makonzati aRossini aiitirwa muhoro yakazara. Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, akanyora zvibodzwa zvakanaka zvemutambo "Demetrius uye Polybius". Ziva kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga opera yemaestro.
Musoro wemhuri uye amai vaRossini, sevanhu vakasika, vakanzwisisa kuti opera iri kubudirira munyika. Pakati pemhando iyi panguva iyoyo yaive Venice. Pasina kufunga kaviri, mhuri yakasarudza kutumira mwanakomana wavo mukutarisira kwaMorandi, aigara muItaly.
Nzira yekugadzira uye mimhanzi ye maestro Gioacchino Antonio Rossini
"Demetrius naPolybius" raive basa rekutanga remaestro panguva yekunyora. "Promissory Note for Marriage" ibasa rekutanga, iro raive rekutanga kuitirwa munhandare. Pakugadzirwa, akagamuchira mari inoshamisa panguva iyoyo. Kubudirira kwacho kwakakurudzira Rossini kunyora mamwe mabasa matatu.
Muimbi haana kungonyorera Italy chete. Mharidzo yechiratidzo chake cheHaydn's Four Seasons yakaitika muBologna. Basa raRossini rakagamuchirwa zvakanaka, asi pakanga paine dambudziko ne "Strange Case". Basa racho rakagamuchirwa zvakanaka neveruzhinji uye rakatambura ongororo dzakaipa kubva kuvatsoropodzi vemimhanzi. Ziva kuti mitambo yese iri miviri yakaitirwa munhandare dzeFerrari neRoma.
Muna 1812, opera "Chance Inoita Mbavha, kana Mixed Suitcases" yakaitwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti basa racho rakaitwa kanopfuura ka50. Mukurumbira waRossini waive wakawandisa. Idi rokuti akanga ari pakati pevanyori vakabudirira zvikurusa rakamusunungura mubasa rechiuto.
Izvi zvakateverwa nekuratidzwa kweOpera "Tancred". Yakaendeswa kwete muItaly chete. Kutanga kwayo kwakabudirira zvikuru muLondon neNew York. Zvinongotora mavhiki mashoma kuti maestro aratidze Mukadzi wekuItaly muAlgeria, uyo akatangawo nekubudirira kunoshamisa.
Nhanho itsva muhupenyu hwe maestro
Nekutanga kwe1815, imwe peji inonakidza mumunyori wekugadzira biography yakavhurwa. Muchirimo akatamira kunharaunda yeNaples. Ndiye aitungamirira dzimba dzehumambo uye dzimba dzeOpera dzakanakisisa munyika.
Panguva iyoyo, Naples yainzi guta guru remimhanzi reEurope. Mhando yeItaly, iyo Rossini akauya naye, haina kubva yawira murudo neruzhinji. Mazhinji emabasa emunyori akagamuchirwa nehukasha. Asi zvose zvakachinja mushure mekunyora opera "Elizabeth, Queen of England." Zvinonakidza kuti zvisikwa zvakasikwa panheyo yezvinyorwa kubva kune mamwe maestro operas atove akakurumbira nevateereri, kureva, mimhanzi yakanakisisa. Kubudirira kwaRossini kwaive kwakakura.
Munzvimbo itsva, akanyora akadzikama. Aisada kukurumidza. Kubva pane izvi, mabasa enguva ino akawedzera kungwara - akazadzwa nekudzikama kwekuroya uye kuwirirana. Aitungamirira maokestra, saka aigona kushandisa mabasa evaimbi. Mumakore ake manomwe ari muNaples, akagadzira anopfuura 7 opera.
Iyo Peak yeGioacchino Antonio Rossini's Mukurumbira
MuRoma, maestro anonyora rimwe remabasa akajeka erepertoire yake. Nhasi, Barber yeSeville inoonekwa se Rossini kadhi rekufona. Aifanira kushandura zita re opera kuti "Almaviva, kana Vain Precaution" nokuti basa rine zita rokuti "The Barber of Seville" rakanga ratotorwa. Iri basa rakaunza Rossini mukurumbira pasi rose. Munguva iyi yenguva, akanyora akati wandei mamwe, asina kushomeka mabasa akajeka.
Kusimuka kwacho kwakakanganiswa nekukundikana. Muna 1819, maestro anopa basa Hermione kuvanhu. Basa racho rakagamuchirwa zvakanaka neveruzhinji. Kugamuchirwa kunotonhora kwakaratidza kuna Rossini kuti veruzhinji kubva kuNaples vaive vaneta nemabasa ake. Akatora mukana uyu ndokutamira kuVienna.
Gurukota Rinoona Nezvekune dzimwe nyika pavakaziva kuti Rossini pachake akanga auya munyika, akapa mukuru wacho nzvimbo dzose dzemitambo dzenyika kuti dzishandise. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mukuru mukuru aifunga kuti mabasa emunyori akanga ari kure nezvematongerwe enyika, saka haana kuona chero zvingangotyisidzira maari.
Yaiva pane imwe yenzvimbo muVienna iyo yaakanzwa zvinoshamisa "Symphony No. 3", iyo yaiva yekunyora kwaBeethoven. Rossini akarota kusangana nemuimbi ane mukurumbira. Kwenguva refu haana kushinga kutora danho rekutanga rekukurukurirana. Haana kutaura mitauro, kunze kwe, kusanzwa kwaBeethoven kwakabatirawo semhinganidzo kukukurukurirana. Asi, pavakawana mukana wekutaura, Ludwig akayambira Rossini kuti atore gwara remumhanzi unovaraidza, achisiya opera kumashure.
Nenguva isipi, iyo yekutanga ye opera "Semiramide" yakaitika muVenice. Pashure paizvozvo, maestro akatamira kuLondon. Akabva ashanyira Paris. Muguta guru reFrance, akasika mamwe maopera matatu.
Mabasa matsva
Imwezve basa repamusoro-soro remunyori haigoni kuregererwa. Muna 1829, iyo yekutanga ye opera "William Tell" yakaitika, iyo maestro akanyora maererano nemutambo waSchiller. Iyo overture ndeyeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa chikamu cheorchestra munyika. Akatonzwika mune animated akateedzera "Mickey Mouse".
Panharaunda yeParis, maestro aifanira kunyora mamwe mabasa akati wandei. Zvirongwa zvake zvaisanganisira kunyora mimhanzi inoperekedza Faust. Asi iwo chete akakosha mabasa akanyorwa panguva ino yenguva aive: Stabat Mater, pamwe nekuunganidzwa kwenziyo dzeMusical Evening salons.
Rimwe remabasa anokosha zvikuru emakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake raiva "A Little Solemn Mass", rakanyorwa muna 1863. Basa rakaratidzwa rakawana mukurumbira chete mushure mekufa kwemaestro.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu weGioacchino Antonio Rossini
Maestro aisada kuparadzira ruzivo nezve hupenyu hwake hwega. Asi, zvakangofanana, mabhuku ake akawanda ane vaimbi veOpera aisagona kuvanzwa kuvanhu. Mukadzi akakosha zvikuru muhupenyu hwemaestro anoyevedza aive Isabella Colbran.
Kekutanga akanzwa kuimba kunoshamisa kwemukadzi muna 1807 pachikuva cheBologna. Paakatamira kunharaunda yeNaples, akanyora nziyo dzemudzimai wake chete. Isabella ndiye aive mutambi mukuru mune angangoita ese maoperas ake. Muna March 1822, akatora mukadzi semudzimai wake wepamutemo. Wakanga uri mubatanidzwa wakura. Aive Rossini akasimbirira pachisarudzo chekunyoresa hukama.
Muna 1830, Isabella naRossini vakaonana kekupedzisira. Maestro akatamira kuParis, uye imwe Olympia Pelissier yakava chido chake chitsva. Akashanda semufundisi.
Nekuda kwaRossini, akachinja basa rake ndokuva murongo akanaka. Akapfimba maestro ndokumuteerera. Muna 1846, akakumbira musikana wacho kuroorana naye. Vakaroorana uye vakagara mubhari kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri. Nenzira, haana kusiya vadyi venhaka yaRossini shure.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori
- Rossini paakaona mamiriro ezvinhu anorarama chidhori chake, akashamiswa zvikuru. Beethoven akanga akakomberedzwa nourombo, nepo Rossini pachake aigara akabudirira chaizvo.
- Pashure pemakore 40, utano hwake hwakaipa zvikuru. Akatambura nokuora mwoyo uye kushaya hope. Mafungiro ake aiwanzochinja. Husiku, aikwanisa kunonoka - aichema kana zuva risingabudiriri sezvakarongwa.
- Aiwanzopa mazita echienzi kumabasa ake. Ndezvipi zvisikwa zve "Four Appetizers uye Four Desserts" uye "Convulsive Prelude" zvakakosha.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemaestro
Mushure mekufa kwaAmai Rossini, hutano hwake hwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Akaita gonorrhea, izvo zvakakonzera matambudziko akawanda. Akatambura ne urethritis, arthritis uye kuora mwoyo. Mukuwedzera, maestro akatambura nekufutisa. Zvainzi akanga ari gourmet hombe, uye aisagona kuramba chikafu chinonaka.
Akafa musi waNovember 13, 1868. Chikonzero chekufa chaiva zvirwere zvakanyorwa, pamwe nekupindira kwekuvhiya kusina kubudirira, iyo yakaitwa kuti ibvise bundu kubva rectum.
