Zita remuimbi ane mukurumbira uye muimbi Fryderyk Chopin rakabatana nekugadzirwa kwechikoro chepiyano chePoland. Iyo maestro yaive "inonaka" pakugadzira nziyo dzerudo. Mabasa emunyori akazadzwa nevavariro dzerudo uye shungu. Akakwanisa kuita mupiro wakakosha kutsika dzemimhanzi yenyika.
Ubwana uye huduku
Maestro akazvarwa kumashure muna 1810. Mai vake vakanga vari mukadzi womukurumbira pakuzvarwa, uye mukuru wemhuri akanga ari mudzidzisi. Chopin akapedza huduku hwake mutaundi duku reruwa reZhelyazova Wola (pedyo neWarsaw). Akarerwa mumhuri ine tsika dzakangwara.
Musoro wemhuri, pamwe chete naamai vake, vakaroverera muvana vavo rudo rwenhetembo nemimhanzi. Amai vaiva mukadzi akadzidza zvikuru, vairidza piyano nounyanzvi uye kuimba. Vana vese vaifarira mimhanzi. Asi Frederick akanyanya kusimba, uyo asina kuomerwa zvakanyanya nekuridza zviridzwa zvekeyboard.
Aigona kugara kwemaawa ari pazviridzwa zvemimhanzi, achitora rwiyo ruchangobva kunzwiwa nenzeve. Chopin akafadza vabereki vake nekuridza piyano kwakanakisisa, asi kupfuura zvose, amai vake vakashamiswa nemhedziso yemwanakomana wavo. Mukadzi uyu aive nechokwadi chekuti mwanakomana wake aive neramangwana rakajeka.
Pazera ramakore mashanu, Frederick muduku akanga ava kutoita makonzati asina kurongwa. Makore mashomanana gare gare akaenda kudzidza nemuimbi Wojciech Zhivny. Pasina nguva yakawanda yakapfuura, uye Chopin akava muimbi wepiyano chaiye. Aiva shasha pakuridza piyano zvekuti aipfuura vanhu vakuru uye vaimbi vane ruzivo.
Nenguva isipi akanga aneta nemakonzati. Chopin akanzwa chido chekuwedzera. Frederik akasaina zvidzidzo zvekunyora naJózef Elsner. Munguva iyi, akafamba zvikuru. Muimbi akashanyira maguta eEurope nechinangwa chimwe - kushanyira opera dzimba.
Apo Prince Anton Radziwill akanzwa kutamba kunoshamisa kwaFrederick, akatora muimbi wechidiki pasi pebapiro rake. Muchinda akamusuma kune vanhu vepamusoro. Nenzira, Chopin akashanyira nharaunda yeRussian Federation. Akaita pamberi paMambo Alexander I. Sokutenda, mambo akapa muimbi nemhete inodhura.
Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori Fryderyk Chopin
Pazera remakore 19, Chopin akashingaira kutarisa nyika yake. Zita rake rava kutozivikanwa zvakanyanya. Chiremera chemuimbi chakasimbiswa. Izvi zvakabvumira Frederick kuenda parwendo rwake rwekutanga rweEurope. Mitambo yemaestro yakaitwa neimba hombe yakazara. Akamhoreswa ndokuonekwa achisimuka nekuombera maoko.
Ari kuGermany, muimbi akadzidza nezvekudzvinyirirwa kwekumukira kwePoland muWarsaw. Chokwadi ndechekuti aive mumwe wemakomuredhi-mumaoko ekumukira. Muduku Chopin akamanikidzwa kugara kune imwe nyika. Akasarudza Paris ine mavara. Pano akagadzira yekutanga opus yemifananidzo. Kushongedzwa kukuru kwenziyo dzakakurumbira nziyo yaive yakakurumbira "Revolutionary Etude".
Achigara muguta guru reFrance, akaridza mimhanzi mudzimba dzevatsigiri. Akagamuchirwa nemufaro nevanoremekedzwa. Chopin akafadzwa kuti akabatwa neruremekedzo mumakwikwi evakuru. Panguva iyoyo, havasi vose vaigona kuwana nzvimbo yakadaro munzanga. Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, akagadzira ake debut piyano concertos.
Akabva asangana nenyanzvi uye muimbi Robert Schumann. Apo wekupedzisira akanzwa Chopin achitamba, akakurumidza kutaura maonero ake pamusoro pebasa rake:
"Mudikani bvisa heti, tine shasha chaiyo pamberi pedu."
Fryderyk Chopin: The heyday yebasa rehunyanzvi
Muma1830, hunyanzvi hwemaestro hwakakura. Akazivana nenziyo dzakajeka dzaAdam Mickiewicz. Pasi pesimba rezvaakaverenga, Chopin akagadzira akati wandei mabharadhi. Muimbi akazvipira nziyo kune nyika yababa uye nekuguma kwayo.
Mabharadhi akazadzwa nenziyo dzechiPolish nekutamba, umo manzwi ekudzokorora akawedzerwa. Frederick akanyatsoratidza mafungiro evanhu vePoland, asi kuburikidza neprism yechiratidzo chake. Nenguva isipi maestro akagadzira mana scherzos, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises uye nocturnes.
Mawaltze akabuda muchinyoreso chemunyori akabatanidzwa nezvakaitika kuna Frederick pachake. Akataura zvine hunyanzvi nhamo yerudo, kukwira nekudzika. Asi Chopin's mazurkas uye polonaises muunganidzwa wemifananidzo yenyika.
Iyo nocturne genre yakaitwa naChopin zvakare yakave nekumwe shanduko. Pamberi pemunyori, rudzi urwu rwaigona kuonekwa serwiyo rweusiku. Mubasa raFrederic, zuva reusiku rakashanduka rikava rwiyo uye runoshamisa sketch. Maestro akakwanisa kuburitsa zvine hunyanzvi dambudziko rezvinyorwa zvakadaro.
Nenguva isipi akapa kutenderera kwaisanganisira nhanganyaya 24. Kutenderera kwemunyori zvakare kwakatuswa nezviitiko zvemunhu. Panguva iyi ndipo paakasangana nemudiwa wake.
Ipapo akatanga kubatanidzwa mubasa raBach. Afadzwa nekusafa kutenderera kwemafugues uye preludes, Maestro Frederic akasarudza kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakafanana. Chopin's preludes zvidhori zvidiki pamusoro pezviitiko zvemunhu mudiki. Zvinyorwa zvinogadzirwa nenzira yeinonzi "musical diary".
Kukurumbira kwemunyori kunobatanidzwa kwete chete nekugadzira uye kutenderera zviitiko. Chopin akazvisimbisawo semudzidzisi. Frederic ndiye muvambi weimwe nzira yakasarudzika inobvumira vaimbi vekutanga kuti vagone kuridza piyano padanho rehunyanzvi.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu
Pasinei nokuti Chopin akanga ane rudo (izvi zvinosimbiswa nemabasa akawanda), hupenyu hwemaestro hwakanga husina kushanda. Akakundikana kuwana mufaro woupenyu hwemhuri. Maria Wodzińska ndiye musikana wekutanga uyo Frederic akadanana naye.
Mushure mekubatana pakati paMaria naChopin kwakaitika, vabereki vemusikana vakaisa mberi zvinoda kuti muchato uitike kwete mberi kwegore gare gare. Vaida kuona kuti muimbi wacho aikwanisa here. Somugumisiro, mhemberero yemuchato haina kuitika. Chopin haana kurarama maererano nezvinotarisirwa nemusoro wemhuri.
Kuparadzana naMaria, muimbi akawana zvakaoma zvikuru. Kwenguva refu airamba kubvuma kuti haaizoona musikana wacho zvakare. Zvakaitika zvakapesvedzera basa remaestro. Akasika iyo isingafi yechipiri sonata. Vanoda mimhanzi vakanyanya kukoshesa chikamu chinononoka che "Funeral March".
Kwapera chinguva, maestro akatanga kufarira mumwe musikana akanaka, Aurora Dudevant. Aiparidza zvechikadzi. Mukadzi uyu aipfeka zvipfeko zvevarume, akanyora zvinyorwa pasi pezita rekunyepedzera George Sand. Uye akavimbisa kuti akanga asingafariri mhuri yacho zvachose. Akatsigira hukama huri pachena.
Yakanga iri nyaya yerudo yakagwinya. Vechidiki havana kushambadzira hukama hwavo kwenguva yakareba uye vakasarudza kuoneka munzanga chete. Zvinoshamisa kuti ivo vakatotorwa mumufananidzo pamwe chete, zvisinei, wakabvarurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Zvingangodaro, paiva nekupopotedzana pakati pevadikani, izvo zvakakonzera matanho akanyanyisa.
Vanoda vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari paAurora's estate muMallorca. Mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, kushushikana nguva dzose nekuda kwekukakavadzana nemukadzi kwakatungamira kune chokwadi chekuti munyori akaonekwa aine tibhii.
Vazhinji vakati Aurora aive nesimba rakasimba pane maestro. Akanga ari mukadzi ane hunhu, saka akatungamirira murume. Pasinei neizvi, Chopin akakwanisa kusadzvinyirira tarenda rake uye hunhu.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori Fryderyk Chopin
- Zvinoverengeka zvezvinyorwa zvekutanga zvaFrederick zvakasara nanhasi. Tiri kutaura nezve B-dur polonaise uye kuumbwa kwe "Military March". Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mabasa akanyorwa nemunyori pazera remakore manomwe.
- Aifarira kutamba murima uye aiti usiku ndipo paakafemerwa.
- Chopin akatambura kubva pakuti aive nechanza nhete. Shasha yakatogadzira imwe mudziyo wakanangana nekutambanudza chanza. Izvi zvakabatsira kuridza chords yakaoma kunzwisisa.
- Frederick ndiye aifarirwa nevakadzi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa kwete chete nenyaya yekuti aive muimbi ane hunyanzvi. Chopin aive nechitarisiko chinoyevedza.
- Akanga asina mwana, asi ainamata muzukuru wake.
Fryderyk Chopin: Makore Ekupedzisira Ehupenyu Hwake
Mushure mekuparadzana naGeorge Sand, hutano hweakakurumbira maestro hwakatanga kuderera zvakanyanya. Haana kukwanisa kuuya pachake kwenguva refu. Frederick akanga akaora mwoyo uye akaora mwoyo zvokuti akanga asingadi kurapwa. Aida kufa. Achiunganidza kuda kwake muchibhakera, munyori akaenda kunoshanya kuUK. Maestro akaperekedzwa nemudzidzi wake. Pashure penhevedzano yekonzati, Frederic akadzokera kuParis uye pakupedzisira akarwara.
Akafa pakati paOctober 1849. Muimbi wacho akafa nechirwere chepulmonary tuberculosis. Mumazuva okupedzisira eupenyu hwake, muzukuru wake neshamwari vakanga vari padivi pake.
Chopin akaita chido chaakakumbira kuzadzisa chikumbiro chimwe chinoshamisa zvikuru. Akasiya mushure mekufa kwake kuti atore mwoyo wake uye auvige munyika yake, uye avige mutumbi wake mumakuva eFrance ePere Lachaise.
MuPoland, basa remunyori rinofarirwa uye rinoyemurwa nanhasi. Akava chifananidzo nechifananidzo chevaPoles. Mamiziyamu mazhinji nemigwagwa zvakatumidzwa zita rake. Mumaguta akawanda enyika yacho mune zviyeuchidzo zvinoratidzira shasha inopenya.
