Kana zvasvika kune vaimbi veopera, Enrico Caruso akakodzera kutaurwa.
Iyo yakakurumbira tenor yenguva dzese uye eras, muridzi weiyo velvety baritone izwi, aive neyakasiyana nzira yezwi yekushandura kune inoti yehumwe hurefu panguva yekuita kwechikamu.
Hazvishamisi kuti munyori weItaly akakurumbira Giacomo Puccini, akanzwa inzwi raEnrico kekutanga, akamudana kuti "mutumwa waMwari."
Makore gumi asati afa, mutambi wenziyo dzeOpera akazivikanwa se "mambo weTenor". Uye nguva yaigara muimbi yainzi "Karuzov".
Saka ndiani uyu "chiitiko" maererano nesimba uye timbre? Sei achinzi mukuru pakati pevakuru uye akaiswa padanho nengano dze opera nhanho Ruffo naChaliapin? Sei mabasa ake emimhanzi achiri kufarirwa?
Zvakaoma hudiki hwaEnrico Caruso
Muridzi wetarenda rezwi rakanaka akaberekerwa muItaly kunze kweNaples yezuva muna Kukadzi 25, 1873 munzvimbo yeindasitiri. Vabereki vemukurumbira wenguva yemberi vakararama zvakashata.
Pazera duku, mukomana akaendeswa kuchikoro, kwaakawana dzidzo yepuraimari chete, achidzidza zvidzidzo zveunyanzvi hwokudhirowa uye kudzidza zvidzidzo zvokunyora nokuverenga.
Baba vemuimbi (makanika nebasa) vakarota kuti mwanakomana wavo aizotevera tsoka dzake. Nokukurumidza apo Caruso akanga ava namakore 11 okukura, akatumirwa kunodzidza nainjiniya waaiziva. Zvisinei, Enrico akanga asingafariri kugadzira uye kuvaka. Aifarira kuimba mukwaya yechechi.
Mukomana wacho paakanga ava nemakore 15, amai vake vakafa nekorera. Upenyu hwakatooma mune zvemari. Kuti rirarame, jaya racho rakasarudza kubatsira baba varo.
Achisiya zvidzidzo zvake, Enrico akawana basa mushopu, asi haana kurega kuimba mutemberi. Vafundisi vakayemura izwi raishamisa remujaya uyu. Akakokwa kuti aimbire mudiwa wake serenades, achibhadhara mari yakawanda nokuda kwamabasa acho.
Achifuridzirwa neruzhinji, Caruso akabuda kunotamba ari ega mumugwagwa. Basa rakadaro raiunza mari shoma asi yakagadzikana kumhuri.
Kusangana kwakashata naGuglielmo Vergine
Hazvizivikanwe kuti munhu angaite sei mumigwagwa yeruzhinji "makonzati", achiita nziyo dzeNeapolitan folk uye ballads, kana rimwe zuva panguva yekutamba kwakadaro mutambi wechidiki ane tarenda asina kucherechedzwa nemumwe wevadzidzisi vechikoro chezwi, Guglielmo. Vergine.
Ndiye iye akanyengetedza baba vomukomana (Marcello Caruso) kutumira mwanakomana wake kuchikoro chemimhanzi. Marcello haana kunyatsovimba nekubudirira, asi zvakadaro akabvuma.
Nenguva isipi, Vergine akasuma murume wechidiki ane chipo kune ane mukurumbira muimbi opera Masini. Tena inoshamisira yakaonga zvikuru mano omudzidzi, ichitaura kuti munhu anofanira kukwanisa kushandisa chipo chomuzvarirwo.
Nyota yekubuda muhurombo uye kuda kuve nemukurumbira zvakabata basa ravo. Caruso akashanda nesimba muhupenyu hwake hwose uye akashanda nesimba paari, nekuda kwaakawana kuzivikanwa kwepasirese kwete kumba chete, asiwo kure nemiganhu yayo.
Matanho makuru ebasa rekugadzira raEnrico Caruso
Nzvimbo yekutanga, "nguva yakanakisa" mukukunda dariro kwaive kuita kwechikamu cheEnzo mu opera La Gioconda muna 1897 muPalermo. Zvisinei, kukwira kwokukunda kwakaguma nokukundikana kunoshamisa.
Kunyanya kuzvitutumadza kana kusada kusiya nemari yekubhadhara masevhisi evanorova clacker zvakakonzera kuti veruzhinji vasayemure mashandiro acho.
Enrico, akaodzwa mwoyo nevateereri veNeapolitan, akashanyira dzimwe nyika nemaguta eItaly. Nzvimbo yekutanga yaive kure uye isingazivikanwe Russia. Kwaive mitambo yekunze yakakudza muimbi uyu.
Muna 1900 akadzokera kunyika yake duku. Semutambi ane mukurumbira wezvikamu zve opera, akatoita pachikuva pane inozivikanwa La Scala.
Nenguva isipi Caruso akatangazve kushanya. Akapa makonzati muLondon, Berlin, Hamburg nemamwe maguta eEurope.
Asi izwi rake remashiripiti rakaita ruzha rwechokwadi kune vanoda vekuAmerica vemhando yeopera. Kuimba kekutanga panguva Metropolitan Opera (New York) muna 1903, mutambi akava mukuru soloist yemitambo kwemakore anoda kusvika 20. Kurwara kwemuimbi uyu uye kufa kwakangoerekana kwamutadzisa kuenderera mberi nebasa rake raityisa.
Iwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa arias nenziyo dzakaitwa naEnrico Caruso:
- "Rudo Potion" - Nemorino.
- "Rigoletto" - The Duke.
- "Carmen" - Jose.
- "Aida" - Radames.
- Pagliacci - Canio.
- O Sole Mio.
Chokwadi kubva muhupenyu hwemunhu
Caruso ainakidzwa nekubudirira nevakomana nevasikana. Hukama hwekutanga hwemuimbi hwaive neItari opera diva Ada Giachetti. Zvisinei, vechidiki havana kuita hukama hwehukama, vakararama kwemakore gumi nerimwe mumuchato wehurumende.
Ada akaberekera murume wake vana vana, vaviri vacho vakafa vachiri vadiki. Vaviri vacho vakaparadzana nekutanga kwemudzimai, uyo akatiza kubva kune waaichimbova mudiwa ane mutsva akasarudzwa - mutyairi.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti Enrico Caruso akaroorwa zviri pamutemo kamwe chete. Mudzimai wake aive mwanasikana wemuAmerica mirioni Dorothy Park Benjamin, aive naye kusvika parufu rwake.
Tenor ane mukurumbira akafa aine makore makumi mana nemasere kubva papurulent pleurisy (Nyamavhuvhu 48, 2). Vanhu vangangosvika zviuru makumi masere vakauya kuzoonekana nemuimbi wavo wavanofarira weOpera.
Mutumbi wakaomeswa waichengetwa mugirazi sarcophagus mumakuva muNaples. Makore mashoma gare gare mushakabvu akavigwa muguva redombo.
Ruzivo runonakidza kubva kune biography yemuimbi
- Mukurangarira murume wake akafa, Dorothy akaburitsa mabhuku maviri akatsaurirwa kuhupenyu hwemurume ane tarenda uye anodiwa.
- Caruso ndiye muimbi wekutanga we opera akarekodha arias mukuita kwake pane rekodhi regiramufoni.
- Semumwe wevanyori vanonyanya kutsvakwa, Enrico anozivikanwawo semuunganidzi wezvinhu zvekare, mari dzekare uye zvitambi.
- Muimbi akadhirowa caricatures uye caricatures zvakanaka, akaridza zviridzwa zvakawanda, akanyora mabasa ake ("Serenade", "Sweet Torments").
- Mushure mekufa kwemutambi ane mukurumbira, kenduru hombe yakaitwa inodarika $3500 (mari yakawanda mumazuva iwayo). Inogona kuvhenekerwa kamwe chete pagore pamberi pechiso cheMadonna muchechi yeAmerica yeSt. Pompey.
Chipo chechisikigo, maitiro ekutanga ekuita zvinonzwika uye zvinoshamisa zvikamu zveopera, simba uye kushingaira zvakabvumira Enrico Caruso kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvake uye anokodzera kucherechedzwa pasi rose.
Nhasi, zita rekuti Caruso rave zita remhuri. Aya ndiwo maitiro avanodaidza matarenda chaiwo, varidzi veakasarudzika emazwi. Kuenzanisa neimwe yemitambo mikuru yenguva dzese ndiko kukudzwa kwemutambi.
