Pamusoro pebasa rakareba rekugadzira, Claude Debussy akagadzira akati wandei emabasa akajeka. Mabviro uye zvakavanzika zvakabatsira maestro. Haana kuziva tsika dzechinyakare uye akapinda murondedzero yezvinonzi "artistic outcasts". Haasi munhu wose akaziva basa remumhanzi nyanzvi, asi neimwe nzira kana imwe, akakwanisa kuva mumwe wevamiririri vakanakisisa ve impressionism munyika yake.
Hudiki nehudiki
Akazvarwa muParis. Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMaestro ndiNyamavhuvhu 22, 1862. Claude akakurira mumhuri yakakura. Kwenguva yakati mhuri yaigara muguta guru reFrance, asi pashure penguva yakati mhuri huru yakatamira kuCannes. Nenguva isipi Claude akatanga kujairana nemienzaniso yakanakisisa yemimhanzi yekare. Akadzidza keyboards pasi peItaly Jean Cerutti.
Akadzidza nokukurumidza. Claude akabata zvese panhunzi. Pashure penguva yakati, jaya akaramba achiziva mumhanzi, asi atova Paris Conservatory. Ainakidzwa nebasa rake. Claude aiva nechimiro chakanaka nevadzidzisi.
Muna 1874, kuedza kwemuimbi wechidiki kwakaongwa. Akagamuchira mubairo wake wekutanga. Claude akatevedzera muimbi uye munyori wenziyo ane mukurumbira.
Akapedza zororo rake rechirimo panhare yeChenonceau, kwaaivaraidza vashanyi nekuridza piyano yake inoshamisa. Upenyu hwoumbozha hwakanga husiri hwemutorwa kwaari, saka gore rakatevera muimbi akatora nzvimbo yekudzidzisa muimba yaNadezhda von Meck. Mushure maizvozvi, akapedza makore akawanda achitenderera nyika dzeEurope. Anobva agadzira tudikidiki tunoverengeka. Tiri kutaura nezvemabasa eBallade à la lune uye Madrid, princesse des Espagnes.
Aigara achityora classical canons yekuumbwa. Maiwe, nzira iyi yakafarirwa nevadzidzisi vese veParis Conservatory. Pasinei neizvi, tarenda raDebussy rakanga risina kusvibiswa nekuvandudzwa. Akagamuchira "Prix de Rome" yekugadzira cantata L'enfant prodigue. Pashure paizvozvo, Claude akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake muItaly. Aifarira mamiriro akanga akaita zvinhu munyika yacho. Mhepo yeItaly yakazadzwa nehunyanzvi uye rusununguko.
Zvichida ndicho chikonzero nei mabasa emimhanzi aClaude, akanyorwa panguva yekugara muItaly, akarondedzerwa nevadzidzisi se "anoshamisa, anoyevedza uye asinganzwisisiki." Achidzokera kunyika yake, akarasikirwa norusununguko rwake. Claude akapesvedzerwa nezvinyorwa zvaRichard Wagner. Pashure penguva yakati, akazvibata achifunga kuti mabasa emunyori weGermany akanga asina ramangwana.
nzira yekugadzira
Mabasa ekutanga akabuda kubva mupeni ye maestro haana kumuunzira mukurumbira. Kazhinji, vanhu vose vakagamuchira noushamwari mabasa emunyori, asi zvakanga zviri kure nokuzivikanwa.
Vanyori vevashandi vakaziva tarenda raClaude muna 1893. Debussy akanyoreswa mukomiti yeNational Musical Society. Ikoko, maestro akapa chidimbu chemimhanzi chachangobva kunyorwa "String Quartet".
Gore rino richava musimboti kumunyori. Muna 1983, chimwe chiitiko chichaitika chichachinja zvikuru nzvimbo yake munzanga. Claude akapinda mumutambo wakabva pamutambo waMaurice Maeterlinck "Pelléas et Mélisande". Akabva paimba yemitambo aine chinwiwa chisingafadzi. Maestro akaziva kuti mutambo uyu unofanirwa kuzvarwa patsva kuita opera. Debussy akagamuchira mvumo yemunyori weBelgian kuti agadzirise mimhanzi yebasa racho, mushure mezvo akatanga kushanda.
Iyo yepamusoro yebasa rekugadzira raClaude Debussy
Kwapera gore akapedza opera. Muimbi akapa basa "Afternoon of Faun" kunzanga. Havasi vateveri chete uye vatsoropodzi vane simba vakarumbidza kuedza kwaClaude. Akanga ari pamusoro pebasa rake rokusika.
Muzana ramakore idzva, akatanga kupinda misangano yeSosaiti isina kurongwa yeLes Apaches. Nharaunda yacho yaisanganisira vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vetsika vaizviti "vatambi vehunyanzvi". Vazhinji venhengo dzesangano iri vaive pamutambo wekutanga weClaude's orchestral Nocturnes yakanzi "Makore", "Mhemberero" uye "Sirens". Maonero ezvimiro zvetsika akakamurwa: vamwe vaiona Debussy semunhu akarasika, asi vamwe, pane kudaro, vakarumbidza tarenda remunyori.
Muna 1902, iyo yekutanga ye opera Pelléas et Mélisande yakaitika. Basa remimhanzi rakakamurazve nzanga. Debussy aive nevose vaiyemura nevaya vaisakoshesa basa remuFrench.
Pasinei nokuti maonero evatsoropodzi vemimhanzi akaparadzaniswa, kutanga kweiyo opera yakave yakabudirira zvikuru. Mutambo wacho wakagamuchirwa noushamwari nevateereri. Debussy akasimbisa chiremera chake. Munguva imwecheteyo yenguva, akazova knight weOrder of the Legion of Honor. Ziva kuti iyo yakazara edition yepepa remimhanzi yakabudiswa makore akati wandei mushure mekuratidzwa kweiyo vocal score.
Nenguva isipi kutanga kweimwe yeanonyanya kupinza mabasa eDebussy's repertoire yakaitika. Tiri kutaura nezve symphonic kuumbwa "Gungwa". Chinyorwa chacho chakamutsazve gakava. Pasinei neizvi, mabasa aClaude airamba achinzwika kubva pamatanho emitambo yepamusoro yeEurope.
Kubudirira kwakakurudzira munyori wechiFrench kune zvitsva. Pakutanga kwezana remakore idzva, akasika zvimwe zvikamu zvakakurumbira zvepiyano. Kunyanya kukosha ndeye "Preludes", iyo ine zvinyorwa zviviri.
Muna 1914 akatanga kunyora kutenderera kwe sonatas. Nhamo haana kumbopedza basa rake. Panguva ino, hutano hwemaestro hwakazununguswa zvikuru. Muna 1917 akagadzira nziyo dzepiyano uye violin. Uku ndiko kwaiva kupera kwebasa rake.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwega hwaClaude Debussy
Pasina mubvunzo, munyori aifarira kubudirira nepabonde rakanaka. Debussy's first serious passion was mukadzi anoyevedza wechiFrench ainzi Marie. Panguva yekuzivana kwavo, akanga akaroorwa naHenri Vasnier. Akava tenzikadzi waClaude uye akamunyaradza kwemakore manomwe.
Musikana akawana simba maari uye akaparadza ukama naDebussy. Marie akadzokera kumurume wake. Kuna Claudie, mukadzi wekuFrance akaroorwa ave musimboti chaiwo. Akatsaurira zvinopfuura makumi maviri emimhanzi kumusikana.
Haana kuchema kwenguva refu uye akawana nyaradzo mumaoko aGabrielle Dupont. Mushure memakore mashoma, vadikani vakasarudza kutora hukama hwavo kune imwe nhanho. Vaviri ava vakagara muimba imwe chete. Asi Debussy akazova murume asina kutendeka - akabiridzira mudiwa wake naTeresa Roger. Muna 1894, akakumbira mukadzi. Shamwari dzaClaude dzakashora maitiro ake. Vakaita zvese kuti muchato uyu usaitike.
Claude akaroora chete mushure memakore mashanu. Panguva ino aive Marie-Rosalie Textier akaba moyo wake. Mukadzi haana kushinga kuva mudzimai wemunyori kwenguva refu. Akaenda kunonyengera achiti kana akasamuroora aizozviuraya.
Mudzimai, aive nerunako rwehumwari, asi aive asina njere uye ari benzi. Akanga asinganzwisisi mimhanzi zvachose uye aisakwanisa kuchengeta kambani yeDebussy. Pasina kufunga kaviri, Claude anotumira mukadzi wacho kuvabereki vake uye anotanga kudanana nemukadzi akaroorwa anonzi Emma Bardak. Mudzimai wehurumende, uyo akaziva nezvemanomano omurume wake, akaedza kuzviuraya. Shamwari padzakaziva nezve chiitiko chakatevera chaDebussy, dzakamupa mhosva.
Muna 1905, tenzikadzi waClaude akava nepamuviri. Debussy, achiedza kudzivirira mudiwa wake, akamuendesa kuLondon. Pashure penguva yakati, vaviri vacho vakadzokera kuParis. Mukadzi wacho akabereka mwanasikana kubva kune munyori. Makore matatu gare gare vakaroorana.
Kufa kwaClaude Debussy
Muna 1908, akapiwa chirwere chinoodza mwoyo. Kwemakore gumi, munyori wacho ainetseka negomarara remukati. Akavhiyiwa. Maiwe, kuvhiyiwa kwacho hakuna kuvandudza mamiriro aClaude.
Mumwedzi yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwake, haana kuita zvemimhanzi. Zvakanga zvakamuomera kuita zvinhu zvinokosha. Akanga asingadiwi uye akanga asina ushamwari. Zvingangodaro, Debussy akanzwisisa kuti aizofa nokukurumidza.
Akararama nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwemukadzi wake wepamutemo nemwanasikana wavowose. Muna 1918, kurapwa kwacho kwakanga kusisabatsiri. Akafa musi waMarch 25, 1918. Akafira mumba make, muguta guru reFrance.
Veukama havana kukwanisa kuronga hurongwa hwemariro. Zvose zvinokonzerwa neHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Bhokisi remaestro rakatakurwa nemumigwagwa yeFrance isina chinhu.
