César Cui (Cesar Cui): Biography yemunyori

Caesar Cui aizivikanwa semunyori ane hunyanzvi, muimbi, mudzidzisi uye kondakita. Aive nhengo ye "Mighty Handful" uye akave nemukurumbira semupurofesa ane mukurumbira wekusimbisa.

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Kui hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana uye hunoshamisa. Akararama hupenyu hwakapfuma zvisingaite. Akasiya mabasa mazhinji emimhanzi emumhanzi kumashure kwake. Nziyo dzemaestro dzinosiyaniswa nekupinda murwiyo uye kukwenenzvera.

Hudiki nehudiki

Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMaestro ndiNdira 6, 1835. Akaberekerwa muVilnius. Musoro wemhuri waibva kuFrance. Akashandira Napoleon. Mukati mokurwisana, baba vaKesari vakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa. Akasarudza kusadzokera kunyika yake. Nokukurumidza baba vaKesari vakagara muVilnius. Ikoko akazviwana ari mubasa romudzidzisi wechiFrench. Semudzimai wake, akatora mwanasikana wemugadziri anokudzwa.

Cui akafadza vabereki vake nechido chemimhanzi uye hunyanzvi. Nechekare pazera ramakore mashanu, aigona kudzokorodza nziyo dzainzwika nenzeve. Hanzvadzi yake yakamudzidzisa kuridza piyano, uye munguva pfupi vadzidzisi venziyo venyanzvi vakanga vatobatanidzwa naKesari.

Ipapo mukomana ane tarenda akapinda muimba yeko. Pano akaziva basa Chopin. Pasi pesimba remabasa e maestro, Cui muduku anonyora mazurka, yaanotsaurira mukukudza mudzidzisi akafa. Moniuszko paakatanga kunzwa mabasa aCui, akabvuma kumupa harmonica zvidzidzo zvemahara. Pasati papera gore, akanga atoridza chiridzwa chacho zvakakwana.

Mukutanga 50s, Kesari akava mudzidzi pachikoro cheko engineering. Pashure pemakore 4, akatora nzvimbo yebasa. Pakupera kwema50, jaya racho rakapedza kudzidza kubva kuNikolaev Engineering Academy nekusimudzira kune lieutenants. Mumoyo make aingoraramira mimhanzi chete, asi pari zvino akanga agutsikana nezvakashoma.

Nenguva isipi, Cui akave mudzidzisi wekusimbisa, uye akabva atora chinzvimbo chemukuru. Akakwanisa kuvaka basa rakanaka uye kuva munhu anoremekedzwa.

Nzira yekugadzira uye mimhanzi ye maestro Caesar Cui

Nekuda kweizvozvo, akatanga akwira pachinzvimbo chemupurofesa, ndokuzogamuchira chinzvimbo chemukuru mukuru. Akanga ari mumwe wevakatanga kupa mazano ekushandiswa kwezvombo zvehondo munhare dzenyika.

Kubva pane izvi, mubvunzo une musoro unomuka: sei, nehurongwa hwakadaro uye hupenyu hwakabatikana, Cui anogona kuitawo mumhanzi. Kesari akakwanisa kuita zvisingagoneki - akakunda zvine hungwaru nebasa guru, uye panguva iyi akakwanisawo kuita mimhanzi. Akatanga kunyora zverudo pazera re19. Mabasa ekutanga eiyo maestro akatoburitswa, asi zvinosuruvarisa, akagamuchirwa zvakanaka neveruzhinji. Akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi nehunyanzvi chete mushure mekupedza chikoro chedzidzo.

Munguva iyi nguva, akaonekwa ari kambani Balakirev. Panguva iyoyo, Mily akanga asiri chete ane chiremera munyori uye muimbi, asiwo mudzidzisi anoremekedzwa. Akave mukuru wepfungwa anokurudzira Cui. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Kesari akave nhengo yeinonzi "Mighty Handful".

Vari munzira, zvakazoitika kuti maestro ane rimwe divi risina simba - orchestration. Balakirev akaedza kubatsira mumwe wake, uye akatora chikamu mukunyora zvinyorwa zvega. Mumabasa eCui, zvinyorwa zviri mumabasa aMilia zvainzwika zvakajeka.

Cui's debut mabasa zvakajeka haana munhu oga, saka Kesari akamanikidzwa kuramba mamwe rubatsiro kubva Balakirev. Chero zvazvingava, Miriyo aive nepesvedzero huru pakunzwika uye chimiro chenziyo dzaKesari.

Maestro akazova mumwe wevanhu vakajeka zvikuru vezvinonzi "chikoro chitsva cheRussia", icho chaimiririrwa nenhengo dze "Mighty Handful". Aiwanzobudisa chiono chake chezvaiitika panguva iyoyo munyika yetsika. Panguva iyoyo, akabudiswa achishandisa pseudonym yekugadzira "***". Pane imwe nguva akatsoropodza Boris Godunov, izvo zvakakuvadza zvikuru munyori we opera, muimbi uye munyori Mussorgsky.

Maestro's debut

Nenguva isipi kuratidzwa kwenziyo yekutanga yaKesari kwakaitika. Tiri kutaura nezvebasa "Musungwa weCaucasus". Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo opera yakaratidzwa yakanyorwa inoenderana nemaitiro anozivikanwa kune veruzhinji kubva kuRusalka. Iri basa rakaratidza pachena kuti opera yeFrance yakafuridzira kusikwa kweMusungwa waKesari weCaucasus.

Reformatory zviito mumhanzi unoshamisa zvakakonzera zvakakwana mu opera "William Ratcliffe". Maestro akatanga kugadzira chidimbu chemimhanzi mukutanga kwema60s. Aida kubatanidza zvinyorwa nemimhanzi pamwechete. Muimbi akanyatso kuswedera kukudziridzwa kwezvikamu zvezwi, achishandisa melodic uye melodious recitative mazviri, pamwe chete ne symphony ye orchestral accompaniment.

Basa rakaratidzwa rakazozarura danho idzva mukugadzirwa kweRussia opera. Kunyange zvazvo chaizvoizvo "William Ratcliffe" haana chirevo chenyika. Trite, asi chokwadi. Ochestration yakava rutivi rusina simba rweopera yakaratidzwa. Apo "Ratcliff" yakarongwa kuti iitwe munhandare yeSt. Petersburg, Cui akakumbira vateereri chinhu chimwe chete - kusapinda mutambo. Ainzwisisa utera, uye aida kuchengeta mukurumbira wake wakachena.

Saka opera Ratcliff, iyo yaairota kuisa pachikuva, yakaratidzwa kuvanhu chete mushure memakumi matatu emakore. Iyo maestro yakanyatsoshanda pabasa kuti ibudise kune veruzhinji ruzha rwakakodzera. Muitiro wakafanana wakawira Angelo.

Mazhinji emabasa emimhanzi aCui aitaurirwa kuvateereri vevana. Akasika nhevedzano yezvinyorwa zvisingakanganwike umo maive nenzvimbo yemapranks, chakavanzika uye mashiripiti. Maopera evana aive nyore, asi panguva imwechete aikwezva nekuoma kwerwiyo. Akanyorwa nemutauro uri nyore asi unonzwisisika kune vateereri vevana.

Pakati pemaestro anonyanya kufarirwa evana operas ndeaya:

• "Snow hero";
• "Little Red Riding Hood";
•  "Puss in Boots";
•  "Ivan Benzi".

Repertoire

Hazvibviri kusataura kuti maestro's repertoire yakazadzwa nerudo rwakawanda. Akanyora anopfuura 400 lyric mabasa. Manovhero aCui haana chimiro che couplet uye kudzokororwa kwechinyorwa, asi apa ndipo pane zest yavo.

Sarudzo yemagwaro emabasa enziyo inogadzirwa nekunaka kukuru. Akakwanisa kugadzira mufananidzo wose wepfungwa kubva kune pfupi dzerudo. Pakati pemabasa eCui pakanga paine nzvimbo kwete chete yepfungwa uye yerudo madingindira. Akanga ari shasha pakunyora nziyo dzinosekesa.

Asi, zvisinei, tarenda remaestro rinonyanya kurira. Kwete, drama haisi maitiro ake. Iyo maestro yaive shasha pakuburitsa mavara echikadzi. Asi chii chaizvo chaishaya mumimhanzi yake - ukuru uye simba. Aivenga nemoyo wese rudeness, banality uye bad taste. Cui aigona kushanda pamabasa ake kwenguva yakareba. Maestro aifarira kuumba tunziyo tudiki.

Pasinei netarenda raKesari riri pachena, mazhinji e "canvases" yake ye opera akazobviswa pachikuva. Izvi zvinonzwisisika uye zvine hukama zvakananga nehunyanzvi hwetarenda rake, kunyanya chamber-lyrical.

Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwemunhu

Muna 1858, maestro akaroora anoyevedza Malvina Bamberg. Mudzidzisi wemusikana aiva munyori Dargomyzhsky. Cui akatsaurira opus yake yekutanga kune uyu mukadzi. Dingindira guru mubasa raKesari rakanga riri mabhii okutanga ezita rokuti Malvina.

Zvinofadza chokwadi nezvemuimbi Caesar Cui

1. Akadzidzisa Nicholas II pachake.
2. Kesari akabudisa mabhuku akawanda. Zvadaro, varwi muuto reRussia vakadzidza kubva mumabhuku ake.
3. Akaiswa murunyorwa rwevatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vane simba zvikuru uye vasingazununguki. Akanga asingatyi kudzivirira zvaidiwa nevanyori vemazuva ano.
4. Akaita mupiro mukuru kuhondo. Cui ine zvakawanda zvakabudirira mukusimbisa. Nokuda kwebasa rake, akagamuchira zvinopfuura mirairo ye10.
5. Iyo maestro yakabatsira kupedzisa imwe yemitambo yaMussorgsky.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemunyori Caesar Cui

Akararama kupfuura shamwari dzake nevaaishanda navo. Akakwanisa kugadzira zviitiko, izvo zvinogumbura izvo zvakanyanya kufambiswa nekuparidza kwerudo kwevaRussia vakangwara. Muna 1918, akanyorera M. S. Kerzina:

“Tinogara zuva nezuva. Tinotonhorwa uye tine nzara. Uye kana iwe ukafunga nezvazvo, inguva inonakidza yenhoroondo yatiri kupfuura…”.

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Mwedzi 4 ichapfuura uye boka rake richataura nezverufu rwemaestro. Chikonzero chekufa kwaiva kubuda ropa muuropi. Akafa musi waMarch 26, 1918.