Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky inyanzvi yeSoviet yakakurumbira, mutambi wemufirimu, muimbi, muimbi wepop. Yakanga yakakurumbira muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Vertinsky achiri kunzi chiitiko cheSoviet stage. Zvinyorwa zveAlexander Nikolaevich zvinomutsa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemanzwiro. Asi chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi - basa rake harigoni kusiya vasina hanya chero munhu.
Uduku uye huduku hwaAlexander Vertinsky
Alexander Vertinsky akaberekwa musi waMarch 19, 1889 mukati memwoyo weUkraine - Kyiv. Mukuru wemhuri akashanda munhau uye aive gweta rakazvimiririra. Amai Evgenia Skolatskaya vaibva kumhuri inokudzwa.
Baba namai Vertinsky vakanga vasina kuroorana zviri pamutemo. Panguva iyoyo, mubatanidzwa wakadaro waionekwa seusingagamuchiriki. Mudzimai wepamutemo wababa vaAlexander haana kumupa mvumo yekurambana.
Nikolai Petrovich (baba vaAlexander) vakarenda imba yeEvgenia Skolatskaya. Kutanga, vaviri vacho vaiva nemwanasikana, uye ipapo mukadzi wacho akabereka mwanakomana, Alexander.
Vertinsky haana kurangarira amai vake. Chokwadi ndechekuti akafa aine makore matatu chete. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, kunetseka kwese kwakawira pamapfudzi ehama kudivi raamai.
Vana, Nadezhda naAlexander, vakarerwa nehanzvadzi dzeEvgenia Skolatskaya. Hanzvadzi dzakavenga baba vaSasha vaduku nokuda kwe "kushatisa" Zhenechka yavo. Mukoma nehanzvadzi vakaparadzana. Uye nokukurumidza akaziva kuti Nadezhda akanga asisiri mupenyu. Zvisinei, makore gare gare, Alexander akaziva kuti Nadia akanga ari mupenyu. Runyerekupe rwekufa kwehanzvadzi yake rwakaparadzirwa namaiguru kuti vavhiringidze kutaurirana kwavo zvachose.
Mudiki Sasha akadzidza paAlexandria Imperial Gymnasium. Asi nokukurumidza akadzingwa kubva kuchikoro nokuda kwetsika dzakaipa. Vertinsky akatanga kuba. Pane kufungidzira kuti neiyi nzira mukomana akakwezva ngwariro nemhaka yokushaikwa kwengwariro yavabereki.
Mumakore ake okuyaruka, akakwanisa kuva nomukurumbira wokuva mbavha. Gare gare, akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake paKyiv classical gymnasium No.
Kutora chikamu kwaAlexander mumitambo yemamateur
Nemhaka yezvinetso muzvidzidzo zvake, aigara achipopotedzana namainini vake, Alexander Vertinsky akanzwa kuora mwoyo. Mufaro waingove wenguva iyoyo kumurume wechidiki waiva theatre. Nechekare panguva iyoyo akatanga kuita mabasa amateur.
Alexander haana kusiya tsika yakaipa - kuba mari kubva kuna tete vake. Pasina nguva akabva adzinga muzukuru wake pamba. Vertinsky akatora chero basa kuti awane chokurarama nacho.
Mainini vaisatenda kuti Sasha anogona kuita munhu anehunhu. Asi munguva pfupi rombo rakanyemwerera Vertinsky. Akasangana naSofya Zelinskaya, shamwari yekare yaamai vake. Muimba yaSofya Nikolaevna Vertinsky zvakare akatanga kutsenga pagranite yesayenzi. Mukuwedzera, muimba yaSofya Nikolaevna, akakwanisa kuzivana nevanhu vanofarira uye vane simba.
Alexander akawana mukurumbira wake wekutanga nekuda kwekuburitswa kwenyaya mupepanhau reko. Kunyange zvakadaro, nzanga yakatanga kutaura pamusoro Vertinsky somunhu ane tarenda. Mufananidzo wembavha wakanyangarika.
Alexander Vertinsky munhandare uye cinema
Mari yekutanga iyo Alexander Nikolaevich akawana munhandare yakamupa chivimbo chokuti akanga achienda nenzira yakarurama. Panenge panguva imwe chete, Vertinsky akaziva kuti hanzvadzi yake Nadezhda akanga ari mupenyu uye achishanda muMoscow yemitambo. Muna 1913 akatamira kuguta guru reRussia.
Basa remitambo raAlexander Nikolaevich rakatanga nemitambo uye masitudiyo. Panguva iyoyo, vechidiki vakaronga mitambo yevasingadzidzisi yakanga yakakurumbira zvikuru nevatambi vemitambo. Vertinsky ane tarenda akaonekwa uye akakokwa kuti ave chikamu cheTheatre yeMiniatures, yaive paTverskaya Street.
Boka, iro rakanyoreswa Alexander Nikolaevich, rakatungamirirwa naArtibusheva Maria Alexandrovna. Kuonekwa kwekutanga pachikuva cheVertinsky kwakakonzera kufara kwechokwadi pakati pevateereri. Nyanzvi yakaramba ichitamba pachikuva. Mukuwedzera, akanyora majee emusoro uye parodies.
Panguva iyoyowo Vertinsky akaedza kupinda Stanislavsky Moscow Art Theater. Zvisinei, haana kugamuchirwa nekuti haana kududza vara “r” zvakanaka.
Alexander Nikolaevich akaedza ruoko rwake pa cinema. Firimu yekutanga nekutora chikamu chemugadziri ainzi "Cliff". Vertinsky akawana basa duku, asi Alexander pachake akati akawana ruzivo rwakakosha.
Nebasa remufirimu harina kushanda. Kwakanga kusiri kushaikwa kwetarenda kwaikonzera mhosva, asi hondo. Alexander Nikolaevich pakupera kwa1914 akasaina semukoti anozvipira kumberi. Akapedza rinenge gore ari muhondo. Kwapera gore, akakuvara zvakaipisisa, saka akamanikidzwa kutamira kuMoscow.
MuMoscow, Alexander akagamuchira mashoko anosuruvarisa. Chokwadi ndechokuti hanzvadzi yake Nadezhda akafa. Kwaari aive mumwe wehama dzepedyo. Maererano naVertinsky, Nadya akafa nekuda kwekudarika zvinodhaka.
Alexander Vertinsky: mimhanzi
Mushure mekugadzirisa, Alexander Nikolaevich akaramba achiita mafirimu uye kutamba mu Artsibasheva Theater. Yakanga iri iyo iyo mufananidzo waPierrot "wakanamatira" kune muimbi. Kutenda kune madiki, "Nziyo dzePierrot", dzerudo "Nhasi ndinoseka pachangu", "Crystal memorial service", "Cocainette", "Yellow Angel" Vertinsky akagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwakamirirwa kwenguva refu.
Zvinonakidza kuti havasi vataridzi chete vakarumbidza tarenda raVertinsky. Vatsoropodzi vakanyorawo tarenda yakanaka ongororo.
Vatsoropodzi vakacherechedza kuti mukurumbira waAlexander Nikolaevich wakanga uri nekuda kwekuti akaimba nezvenyaya dzepamusoro. Aiwanzobata nyaya dzerudo rusina kufanira, kusurukirwa, nhema, kupandukira, urombo uye kusaruramisira munziyo dzake.
Vertinsky akaita nziyo dzemimhanzi munhetembo dzake uye nenhetembo yaAlexander Blok, Marina Tsvetaeva, Igor Severyanin.
Hunhu hwekuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvemimhanzi kwaiva kufudza. Mazwi ake akabata mweya wevanoda mimhanzi yeSoviet. Mufananidzo wekutambudzika Pierrot wakamutsa vateveri vazhinji, asi hapana munhu akakwanisa kutevera nzira yaAlexander Vertinsky.
Kuzivikanwa uye kutendeseka kwezvinyorwa zvakapa Vertinsky kwete chete vateveri vakavimbika. Alexander Nikolayevich akatanga kufarira muExtraordinary Commission. Mumiriri wekomisheni akanongedza Vertinsky nezve izvo zvingave nani kusanyora nezvazvo. Gare gare, vanyori vehupenyu vakaratidza pfungwa yokuti kwaiva kumanikidzwa kwezviremera kwakamanikidza Alexander kuti atame. Nekudaro, mugadziri wacho akati:
“Chii chakaita kuti nditame? Ndaivenga simba reSoviet? Hongu, aiwa, vakuru vakuru havana chavakandiitira chakaipa. Ndaive muteveri weimwe system here? Uyewo kwete. Ndakanga ndichiri mudiki, uye ndaikwezvwa kushanya ... ".
Muna 1917, Alexander akaenda parwendo rukuru. Akashanyira nyika zhinji nemaguta. Nenguva isipi Vertinsky akatenga pasipoti yechiGiriki ndokuenda kunogara muRomania uye ipapo muPoland. Mumakore akatevera, mukurumbira aigara muParis, Berlin, Palestine. Kunyangwe kune dzimwe nyika, makonti ake akapindwa neuto revateveri.
Muna 1934 Alexander Nikolaevich akatamira kuUnited States of America. Pano akaronga mutambo wakapindwa nehuwandu hunokosha hwevaRussia vakatama. Muna 1935 Vertinsky akaenda kuShanghai. Akadzokera kuRussia chete muna 1943.
Upenyu hwehupenyu hwaAlexander Vertinsky
Mudzimai wekutanga waAlexander Nikolaevich aiva runako rwechiJudha Rachel (Raisa) Pototskaya. Mushure mokuroorana, mukadzi wacho akava Irena Vertidis. Vertinsky akasangana nomudzimai wake wokutanga muPoland. Muchato wekutanga haunganzi wakabudirira. Pashure pemakore 7, Alexander akaramba mudzimai wake.
Mushure mekurambana, Vertinsky haana kukwanisa kuwana shamwari yehupenyu kwenguva yakareba. Aive nerudo rwenguva pfupi izvo zvisina kutungamira kune chero chinhu chakakomba. Mutambi akasangana nemukadzi wake anotevera makore 19 chete gare gare muShanghai.
Mune imwe nyika, Alexander Nikolaevich akasangana anoyevedza Lydia Tsirgvava. Sezvineiwo, runako rwakanga rwuri mudiki pane muimbi kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kumisa hukama hwavo kubva pakukura. Mukutanga kwema30, Vertinsky akaroora Lydia.
Mumuchato uyu, vaviri ava vaiva nevanasikana vaviri vakanaka. Vanasikana vakagara nhaka charisma uye tarenda kubva kuna baba vavo, saka ivo vakave vanozivikanwa vatambi. Uye kunyange mwanasikana waMarianna, Daria Vertinskaya (Khmelnitskaya), akabudirira kutanga basa rake semutambi, asi nokukurumidza akaziva kuti iyi yakanga isiri mugove wake.
Kufa kwaAlexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky
Mushure mokudzokera kunyika yake, Alexander Nikolaevich haana kusiya basa rake rekuita. Kutora firimu mumafirimu uye kutora chikamu mumitambo yemitambo kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana mari yakanaka. Chinhu chimwe chete chainetsa Vertinsky panguva iyoyo yaiva mamiriro enyika yake.
Pazuva rokufa kwake, Alexander Nikolaevich akaitawo pachikuva. Vertinsky akafa musi waMay 21, 1957. Maererano nehama, mushure mekonzati, akanzwa kupera simba uye kusagadzikana. Chikonzero cherufu kwaiva kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemoyo. Kushushikana uye zera zvakavakanganisa. Guva remuimbi riri pamakuva eNovodevichy muguta guru.
Iyo showcase yeMuseum yeimwe mugwagwa muKyiv yakatsaurirwa kundangariro yemukurumbira. Pano vateveri vanogona kujairana nemifananidzo, maalbum uye zvimwe zviyeuchidzo zveVertinsky.
