Alexander Borodin muRussia munyori uye musayendisiti. Uyu ndiwo mumwe wevanhu vakanyanya kukosha veRussia muzana remakore rechi19. Aive munhu akakwenenzverwa akakwanisa kuita zviwanikwa mumunda wechemistry. Upenyu hwesainzi hahuna kutadzisa Borodin kuita mimhanzi. Alexander akagadzira akati wandei akakosha opera uye mamwe mabasa emimhanzi.
Hudiki nehudiki
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMaestro ndiNovember 12, 1833. Chimwe chokwadi chisingagoni kuregererwa ndechokuti akanga ari mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo waLuka Gedevanishvili uye musikana serf. Baba vokubereka havana kuziva mukomana, saka mudare Alexander ainzi serf zvakajairika.
Mukomana akarerwa nababa vake vokurera Porfiry Borodin, pamwe chete nomudzimai wake Tatiana. Apo Ruka akanga ava pedyo nehupenyu, akarayira Tatiana nemwanakomana wake kuti vapiwe rusununguko. Akaronga ramangwana raAlexander uye akapa imba kumhuri isingazivikanwe.
Borodin akanga asina kodzero yekudzidza pachikoro, saka mukomana akazvimiririra akatora zvidzidzo zvechikoro chechikoro. Kubvira achiri muduku, Alexander muduku akaratidza kufarira mumhanzi. Kunyanya aive aine tarenda rekuumba.
Pazera remakore mapfumbamwe, Borodin akanyora basa rake rokutanga - chidimbu chekutamba. Mukomana wacho akanzwa mhinduro dzakawanda dzakanaka pamusoro pebasa rake, saka nechido chikuru akatanga kugadzira zviridzwa zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Atova nemakore 13, Alexander akagadzira chikamu chekutanga chekonzati.
Muzvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, zvinhu zveBorodin hazvina kupera. Akadhirowa zvakanaka, uye aiitawo muApplied Art. Imwe hobby yakasimba yemukomana yaive chemistry. Nekuda kwesainzi iyi, akakwanisa kutsanangura zviitiko zvakawanda.
Alexander akaita ongororo dzemakemikari mumadziro emba yake. Amai vevechiduku vakawana zvose zviri zviviri kutya nomufaro. Mukadzi wacho ainetseka kuti imba yacho yainge yakachengeteka, saka akazoona kuti mwanakomana wake aifanira kuendeswa kuimba inoitira muviri.
Akaenda kunodzidza paMedical and Surgical Academy yeguta guru reRussia. Muchikoro chedzidzo, Borodin akakwanisa basa rechiremba uye akadzidza chemistry.
Nzira yekusika uye mimhanzi yemunyori Alexander Borodin
Kazhinji yenguva murume akazvipira kusainzi. Zvisinei, mumhanzi wacho hauna kupera mumashure. Mumakore ake emudzidzi, jaya rakazadza repertoire nemhando dzakawanda dzerudo. Nziyo dzinoti "Arabic Melody", "Sleeping Princess" uye "Rwiyo rweSango Rima" dzinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Aiva nemukana mukuru wekufamba. Achishandisa chinzvimbo chake, akashanyira nzvimbo dzemakonzati pasi rose.
Muguta guru retsika reRussia, Borodin akava nhengo yetsika yeSt. Petersburg society yeMighty Handful. Alexander akatanga kushandura ruzivo rwake rwemimhanzi nevamwe vanyori, semugumisiro wekuti nziyo dzake "dzakaputika". Vaaishanda navo vakamudaidza kuti mutsivi akanaka kuna Mikhail Glinka.
Borodin akaita zvisikwa zvake pamberi pevakuru veRussia. Aiwanzoita pamba Belyaev. Alexander akaimba pamusoro perusununguko, rudo rwenyika yake, uyewo kudada kwenyika yevanhu vokuRussia. Anomira pamavambo chaiwo e symphony uye heroic-epic maitiro muRussia classical music.
Pane imwe nguva, Borodin akashanda achitungamirirwa neshamwari yake uye waaishanda naye, kondakita Milia Balakirev. Munguva iyi yenguva, maestro akanyora zvinopfuura 15 zverudo, akati wandei symphonies, piyano zvidimbu, pamwe nenhetembo dzinoverengeka dzenziyo. Panguva imwe chete, iye akaratidza brilliant Operas Bogatyrs uye Prince Igor. Zvisikwa zvakaunza kuzivikanwa kuBorodin kwete muRussia chete, asiwo munyika dzeEurope.
Mune yechipiri "Bogatyr" symphony, akakwanisa kuratidza simba revanhu veRussia. Muimbi akanyatso sanganisa madhanzi motif nemazwi anobaya mweya.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti brilliant maestro akashanda opera "Muchinda Igor" kubva ruzhinji, asi basa racho rakaramba risina kupera. Opera yakaratidzwa muenzaniso chaiwo weiyo heroic-epic style mumhanzi. Iro basa rinokatyamadza nehuwandu hukuru hwezviitiko zvakaitwa nekwaya yevanhu, pamwe nekutapurirana kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwemifananidzo yega.
Tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemaestro Alexander Borodin
Apo Borodin akaenda kunze kwenyika, akafambidzana nechidiki wepiyano Ekaterina Protopopova. Akanga achirapwa asima mune imwe yemakiriniki eGermany. Katya aive nenzeve yakanakisa uye kazhinji airidza mimhanzi mudenderedzwa revanyori nevaimbi.
Ekaterina naAlexander vakapedza nguva yakawanda pamwe chete. Murume wacho akasarudza kupfimba mudiwa wake, uye akabvuma. Nenguva isipi vaviri vacho vakanyoresa zviri pamutemo ukama hwavo.
Sezvo Katya ane matambudziko nenhengo dzenzira dzepamusoro, akanga asingagoni kugara muguta guru kwenguva refu. Musikana wacho aimanikidzwa nguva nenguva kuenda kuna mai vake muMoscow. Borodin akatsamwa zvikuru nekuparadzaniswa nemudiwa wake, sezvinopupurirwa netsamba dzakawanda dzavakanyorerana.
Borodin haana kuva baba. Katya ainetseka zvikuru nekusavapo kwevana. Mhuri yakawedzera kusurukirwa nekutora vana vechikoro. Alexander aiona vasikana vacho sevanasikana vake.
Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro pemunyori
- Pane imwe nguva, pachidzidzo chinoshanda, Borodin aifanira kushanda nechitunha. Akaerekana afamba, bhonzo rakaora richinyura muganda rake. Zvingadai zvakadhura maestro ehupenyu, asi mushure mekurapa kwenguva refu, zvese zvakabudirira.
- Paacademy, akanga ari mudzidzi ane unyanzvi, izvo zvakaita kuti vadzidzi vatsamwe zvikuru.
- Mendeleev akarayira Alexander kusiya mimhanzi uye kuti abate nekudzidza kemisitiri.
- Zvibodzwa zvakagadzirwa nemaestro zvichiri muchimiro chakanakisa. Ichokwadi ndechokuti akavaputira nezai yolk, izvo zvakabatsira kuti varambe vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akakwana.
- Anopfuura mashanu mafirimu ehupenyu akagadzirwa nezvemunyori mukuru uye muimbi. Vainyatsoratidza hupenyu hwenyanzvi huru.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemaestro Alexander Borodin
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Alexander akanga achibatanidzwa mumagariro evanhu. Akaenda kuhurukuro dzesainzi, akaita makonti uye akabatsira matarenda madiki kuti afambe.
Muna 1880, akarasikirwa neZinin yake yepedyo, uye gore rakatevera mumwe munhu wepedyo, Mussorgsky, akafa. Kurasikirwa kwomunhu oga kwakatungamirira kukuderera kwechimiro chomunyori. Akanga ava pedyo nokuora mwoyo.
Musi waFebruary 27, 1887, munyori akapemberera Shrovetide mudenderedzwa rehama neshamwari dzake. Akanzwa tsvarakadenga uye aive mundangariro dzakazara. Pachiitiko ichi, maestro akafa. Aitaura nezvechimwe chinhu, ndokubva angopunzikira pasi. Chikonzero chekufa kwaBorodin kwaiva kuputika kwemoyo.
Mutumbi wemuimbi mukuru wakavigwa muNecropolis yevatenzi vehunyanzvi hweAlexander Nevsky Lavra. Chikumbaridzo chakamiswa paguva reBorodin, iro rakashongedzwa nenzira yekufananidzira nemanotsi uye makemikari zvinhu.
Mukurangarira munyori, vamwe vanyori vake vakasarudza kupedza opera Prince Igor. Chisikwa ichi chakaunzwa kune veruzhinji muna 1890.
